英国国家概况U1-2 country people课件

Part1theUnitedKingdomPart2theUnitedStatesofAmericaPart3CanadaPart4AustraliaPart5NewZealand英语国家概况该课程内容包括主要英语国家，英国、美国、加拿大等国的社会文化背景介绍，如地理概况、政体、经济、历史、文学、风俗习惯、教育体制、社会生活、外事、媒体、文化生活、体育艺术等等。U1CountryU2PeopleU3HistoryU4Government&PoliticsU5JudiciaryU6EconomyU7SocialServicesU8ReligionU9EducationU10FestivalsandSportsUnitOneCountryCanyoudescribethelandfeaturesofGreatBritain?WhatpartsdoesthelargestislandofGreatBritainconsistof?WhatcountriesareneighborsofBritain?UnitOneCountryWhatisitsfullname?Fullname:(P2)TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Shortento:TheUnitedKingdom;TheUK;Britain.England(Informally)theMapofU.K.BritainissituatedinWesternEuropeandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDover(多佛海峡)andtheEnglishChannel.Itisaninsular(海岛的)country.Itscoastlineruns12,429km,Itisoneofthecountrieswithlongestcoastline.TothewestofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.Thetotalareaisabout244,820squarekilometers.ItIsover1,000km.fromsouthtonorthanditisabout500km.fromwesttoeast.madeupofFourparts:EnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIreland+SeveraloverseasterritoriesCapital:LondonEnglandthelargestCapital:London(England&Britain)(P4,L8-9)“LondondominatesEngland,justasEnglanddominatesGreatBritain.”EnglandEnglandThewestcoastisdeeplyindented(锯齿状的）.Theysupplymanysplendidharborsforships.Thesouthcoastisfairlystraight,alineoflowcliffsbackedbyrollingdowns.Thelongtail,whichputsintosea,iscalledCornwall

（康沃尔郡）andithasmanyremainsoftheancientBritons.ManyoflegendsofKingArthurareassociatedwithCornwall.England’shistoryasnationgoesfarbackintime,anditsinfluencehasreachedacrosstheworld.EnglandboastsgreatwriterincludingShakespeare,DickensandJaneAustin.Famouspopsingersandgroups,includingtheBeatles,Queen,EltonJohnandOasis.Thenationalsportisfootball:famousfootballplayersincludeDavidBeckhamandMichaelOwen.ActorsandactressesincludeHughgrant,KateWinsletandDameJudiDench.ScotlandsecondlargestCapital:EdinburghLargestcity:GlasgowRuggedScotlandScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Itretaineditsownparliamentuntil1707,when,bytheActofUnion（联合法）,ScotlandandtheKingdomofEnglandandWaleswereconstitutionallyjoinedastheKingdomofGreatBritain.InScotlandtherearethreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorth,thecentralLowlandsandthesouthernUplands.(P6)ScotlandScotlandhasanareaof78,760squarekilometers.ItissituatedinthenorthofGreatBritainwithagoodnumberofmountainsandislands.Thereare800islandswhichcontainHebrides,ShetlandandOrkneyislands.Scotlandisrecognizedasoneofthefrontrunnersinscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,withdiscoveriessuchaspenicillin(n.盘尼西林（青霉素）

)andp53gene(thebody’snaturalanti-canermechanism),andthecloningofDollythesheep.Kilt(n.苏格兰式短裙

)ThecapitalofScotlandEdinburghisfamedforthehistoriccastlesandtheRoyalMiles(皇家英里大道)(爱丁堡旧城区最著名的路，每年夏天的爱丁堡艺术节，

RoyalMiles上总有无数的艺术表演者在宣传他们的演出节目或现场来段即兴表演，到处充满著热闹欢欣的气氛),aswellasterrificshoppingandathrivingnightlife.苏格兰短裙上的格子，素有一“格”一阶级的说法，说“苏格兰短裙等于一部大英帝国的历史”，一点儿也不夸张。据说，英国苏格兰格子注册协会记载着几百种不同的格子图案，有些以姓氏命名，代表着不同的苏格兰家族。黑灰格被称为“政府格”。也有特别为皇室成员定制的格子图案，贵族的身份高贵，他们穿着的格子图案也被称为“贵族格”。在17世纪和18世纪，苏格兰高原部落之间的战争终年不休，战场上的男人们便以所穿的格子图案来辨认敌我，有点儿像现在的“军服”。WalesSmallest(ontheislandofGreatBritain)Capital:Cardiff(加的夫)Itsownnationallanguage:WelshWalesWalesWalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Ithasanareaof20,761squarekilometersandittakeuplessthan9%ofthewholeisland.MostofWalesismountainous.Thehillsrisesteeplyfromtheseaandratherflatontop.Thetitle“PrinceofWales”(n.威尔士亲王（英国皇太子之封号）,eg:

PrinceWilliamofWales,PrinceHarryofWales)indicatedtheunityandrelationshipbetweenthetwolands.PrinceCharles:successorofBritainwithatitleofPrinceofWales6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispastureland(n.牧场；牧草地)forsheepandcattle.WaleswasformallyunitedwithEnglandbytheActofUnionin1536,undertheWelshTudorDynasty.Thecountryhasastrongmusicalandculturaltraditions.Itisfamousforitschoir(n.唱诗班

),andmanydifferentmusicstyles.Thenationalsportisrugby.Famousactorsandactresses:SirAnthonyHopkinsandCatherineZeta-Jones.NorthernIrelandSmallest(amongthefournationsoftheUK,area&population)Capital:Belfast“problem”?NorthernIrelandNorthernIreland

Ithasanareaof14,147squarekilometers.Nationalflower:Irishclover(三叶草）EconomyofNorthernIreland:aircraftmanufacturingScenicspot:Giant’sCauseway(巨人堤)（列为世界自然遗产。传说远古时代爱尔兰巨人要与苏格兰巨人决斗，于是开凿石柱，填平海底，铺成通向苏格兰的堤道，后堤道被毁，只剩下现在的一段残留。地质学家研究其中构造，发现这道天然阶梯是由活火山不断喷发，火山熔岩多次溢出结晶而成。经过海浪冲蚀，石柱群在不同高度被截断，便呈现出高低参差的石柱林地貌。在“巨人之路”海岸，4万多根这种玄武石柱不规则的排列起来，绵延几公里，气势磅礴，蔚为壮观。）AnthemsandflagsUnionJackisthenationalflagoftheUnitedKingdom.(P2)Itcombinesthered-on-whitecrossesofEngland’sStGeorge(patronsaint保护神)andIreland'sStPatrick,withthewhite-on-bluecrossofScotland’sStAndrew.FlagofEnglandFlagofScotland

FlagofWalesFlagofNorthernIrelandGodSavetheQueen(King)isthenationalanthemoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.GodSavetheKing/Queen《天佑吾王》（英语：GodSavetheKing）或《天佑女王》（英语：GodSavetheQueen）是英国的国歌，也是英国皇室和英联邦的颂歌，在传统上被用作英联邦各个成员国自己的国歌，其具体歌名以当前英国君主的性别为准。若在位君主是男性，此歌便唱作《天佑吾王》；若在位君主是女性，此歌则唱作《天佑女王》。

《天佑吾王》是一首爱国歌曲，其作者姓名不详。这首歌没有官方承认的版本，实际上从来没有一条御令或法律宣布其为官方版国歌。一般而言，只会演唱第一段（很少的时候有两段）。

有人建议用另一首著名的爱国歌曲兼英格兰国歌《耶路撒冷》代替《天佑吾王》作为联合王国国歌，但引起争论。

第一部分

GodsaveourgraciousQueen!

LongliveournobleQueen!

GodsavetheQueen!

Sendhervictorious,

Happyandglorious,

Longtoreignoverus,

GodsavetheQueen.

第二部分

OLord,ourGod,arise,

Scatterthine(her)enemies,

Andmakethemfall:

Confoundtheirpolitics,

Frustratetheirknavishtricks,

Ontheeourhopeswefix:

Godsaveusall.

第三部分

Thychoicestgiftsinstore

Onherbepleasedtopour,

Longmayshereign.

Mayshedefendourlaws,

Andevergiveuscause,

Tosingwithheartandvoice,

GodsavetheQueen.

第一部分

上帝保守吾王，

祝她万寿无疆，

天佑吾王！

常胜利，沐荣光；

孚民望，心欢畅；

治国家，王运长；

天佑吾王！第二部分扬神威，张天网，

保王室，歼敌人，

一鼓涤荡。

破阴谋，灭奸党，

把乱盟一扫光；

让我们齐仰望，

天佑吾王！

第三部分

愿上帝恩泽长，

选精品，倾宝囊，

万岁吾王！

愿她保护法律，

使民心齐归向，

一致衷心歌唱，

天佑吾王！

Climate（季节性情绪失调）ClimateAmaritimetypeofclimate:InBritaintheweatherisrainy,changeableandunpredictable.Onecanexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.Characteristicsofclimateandweather:ChangeableModerateAbundantrainfallWintersaremild,nottoocoldandsummersarecool,nottoohot.Topography(P5,lasttwolines)Highlandzone:Scotland,Wales,partsofEngland(P6,L2)Lowlandzone:SouthandeastofGreatBritain(P7)HighlandandLowlandThetraditionaldivisionofGreatBritainisintotwomajornaturalregions:aHighlandandaLowlandzone.TheyaredividedbyanimaginarylinerunningthroughEnglandfromtheRiverExeonthesouthwestcoasttothemouthoftheRiverTeesonthenortheastcoast.MapofUKTopographyHighlandareaMountainsRiversLakesNaturalresourcesRivers,Lakes&CoastlineBritainhaslargemountainranges(山脉):thePennies（奔宁山脉，号称“英格兰脊梁”）inthemiddle,theCambrians（坎布里安山脉）

inthewest,andtheGrampians（格兰屏山区）

inthenorth.ImportantriversasThamesRiver,theSevernRiver,MercyRiver,theHumber,theClydeRiverandtheForth.几宗“最”ThelongestriverinEngland:the

Severn(塞文河),355kmAnimportantriverinBritain:theThames(泰晤士河).ItflowsthroughLondon.ThelargestlakeinBritain:LoughNeagh(内伊湖),whichislocatedinNorthernIreland.

ThamesRiver（湖畔派诗人）LakeDistrictLakeDistrictMountainsinEnglandTheCumbrianMountainRangeisthethirdhighestmountaininBritain.ItliesinnorthwestofEnglandandthepeakofScafellis977metershigh.TheLakeDistrict(英格兰湖区)isinstitutedintheCumbrianMountainRange.ThisareaisbeautifulandquietandtheLakepoetsoncelivedintheLakeDistrict.PenniesThePennies（奔宁山脉）isakindof‘upland”Sincethe19thcentury,ithasbeencalledthe“backboneofEngland”,whichstretchesabout120kilometersfromtheScottishbordertoDerby-shire.ThehighestpointofthePenniesisCrossFellwhichis893metershigh.PenniesMountainMountaininScotlandTheGrampianMountainItcoversabouttwothirdofScotlandisthehighestandlargestmountaininBritain.ThePeakisBenNevis(本尼维斯)whichis1,343metershigh.GrampianMountainRiversinScotland

TheClydeRiver(克莱德河)

is

themostimportantriverinScotlandandisabout170km.ItflowsthroughthethirdlargestcityofGlasgow(格拉斯哥).TheForthRiver(福斯河)isflowingthroughtheScottishCapital---Edinburgh.MountaininWalesTheCambrianMountainRange(坎布里安山脉)coversmostofWalesandisthesecondhighestmountaininBritain.

ItshighestpeakisSnowdonwhichis1085metershigh.TheCambrianMountainRange

isthesecondhighestMountaininBritain.CambrianMountainRiverinWalesTheSevernRiver(塞文河),risesinnortheastWalesandflowsthroughcentralEnglandtotheBristolChannel(布里斯托尔海峡).

Itis355KilometerslongandistheLongestriverinBritain.SevernRiverSevernRiverNaturalResourcesCoalBritainhassomeofthegreatcoalfieldsoftheworld.NaturalGasBritainisthefifthlargestgasproducerintheworld.OilBritainistheworld’sninthlargestproducer.Britainisrichinwaterresourceswithtoomuchrainandmanyshortandrapidrivers.Question:Discussthedifferencesamongtheterms“BritishIsles”,“UnitedKingdom”,“GreatBritain”and“England”.(P11)

BritishIslesBritainUKGreatBritainTwolargeislands，severalsmallonesTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.England,WalesScotland不列颠群岛（包括：大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛，及其它周围小岛屿）CommonwealthCommonwealth1.TheUnitedKingdomislocatedinnorthernEurope.2.TheUnitedKingdomconsistsoffourpoliticaldivisions—England,Scotland,WalesandIreland.3.EnglandisoneofthetwolargeislandsintheBritishIsles.4.TheBritishIslesaremadeupofthreelargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones.5.WalesliesontheeastcoastoftheislandofGreatBritain.6.TheCommonwealthofNationsisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatallusedtobecoloniesofBritain.F()F()F()F()F()TrueorFalse：3.1F()Exercises：7.InScotland,ruggedmountains,greenvalleys,anddeep,bluelakesprovidesomeofthemostbeautifulsceneryinEurope.8.ThelongestriverinBritainistheThames.9.ThelargestlakeinBritainistheLoughNeaghinnorthwestEngland.10.Britain’sclimateisinfluencedbytheGulfStream（墨西哥湾流）,awarmoceancurrentthatsweepsupfromtheequator（赤道）

andflowspasttheBritishIsles.T()F()F()T()3.1TrueorFalse：Exercises:1.TheBritishIslesaremadeupof_______. A.threelargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones B.threelargeislandsanddozensofsmallones C.twolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones D.twolargeislandsanddozensofsmallonesMultiple

Choice:3.22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapoliticaldivisionontheislandofGreatBritain? A.England.B.Scotland.C.NorthernIreland.D.Wales.3.2MultipleChoice3.BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthe_______andtheNorthSeaintheeast. A.eastB.southC.westD.north3.2MultipleChoice4.TheRepublicofIrelandwastotallyindependentintheyear_______. A.1920B.1945C.1918D.19493.2MultipleChoice5.ThehighestmountaininBritain,BenNevis,liesin______. A.theHighlandsB.theSouthernUplands C.theCentralLowlandsD.theLakeDistrict3.2MultipleChoice6.TheBritishEmpirewasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthortheCommonwealthofNationsin__________. A.1921B.1931C.1945D.19503.2MultipleChoice7.ThemountainsystemthePenninesisoftencalledthebackboneof_______.

A.England

B.Scotland

C.GreatBritain

D.Ireland3.2MultipleChoice8.TheregionalcapitalofNorthernIrelandis_______.

A.Glasgow

B.Edinburgh

C.Cardiff

D.Belfast3.2MultipleChoice9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheclimateinBritainisNOTtrue? A.Britain’sclimateisofthemaritimetype. B.WintersinBritainareextremelycold. C.SummersinBritainarecool. D.BritainiswarmerthanHarbininwinter.3.2MultipleChoiceUnitTwoPeopleWheredomostBritishpeoplelive?WhatisthemostdenselypopulatedareaofBritain?Whatistheleastpopulated?WhichisthelargestethnicgroupinU.K.?Fromthefollowingvideoclip,canyoutelltheelementsofBritishness?TheUKisoneofthemostpopulouscountriesofEurope.AdensepopulationsuchasBritain’simpliesahighdegreeofurbanization.About80%ofthepopulationlivesincitiesandtowns,whereas20%livesinthevastcountryside.Sincethe19thcentury,thepopulationgrowthhasbeenincreasinglyslow.Thelimitationofimmigrationistheprinciplestabilizationfactor.PopulationinU.K.OneofthemosthighlydenselypopulatedcountriesintheworldUnevenlydistributed

England(London,Thamesestuary(n.河口；江口)area,)84%,Scotlandroughly8.5%,Walesaround5%,andNorthernIrelandlessthan3%Lessthan2%farmersEthnicComposition(P13)(language)RomanEmpire:2.1.2TheRomanEmpirewasthepost-RepublicanperiodoftheancientRomancivilization,characterisedbyanautocraticformofgovernmentandlargeterritorialholdingsinEuropeandaroundtheMediterranean.ThetermisusedtodescribetheRomanstateduringandafterthetimeofthefirstemperor,Augustus.BecauseoftheEmpire’svastextentandlongendurance,theinstitutionsandcultureofRomehadaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentoflanguage,religion,architecture,philosophy,law,andformsofgovernmentintheterritoryitgoverned,particularlyEurope,andbymeansofEuropeanexpansionismthroughoutthemodernworld.Angles,Saxons,andJutes:2.1.2TheAnglesisamodernEnglishwordforaGermanic-speakingpeople.TheAngleswereoneofthemaingroupsthatsettledinBritaininthepost-Romanperiod,andtheirnameistherootofthename“England”.TheSaxonswereaconfederationofOldGermanictribes.Theirmodern-daydescendantsaregenerallyconsideredethnicGermans,Dutch,orEnglish.SaxonsparticipatedintheGermanicsettlementofBritainduringandafterthe5thcentury.2.1.2TheJuteswereaGermanicpeoplewhowereoneofthethreemostpowerfulGermanicpeoplesoftheirtime.TheJutes,alongwithsomeAngles,SaxonsandFrisians,sailedacrosstheNorthSeatoraidandeventuallyinvadeGreatBritainfromthelate4thcenturyonwards,eitherdisplacing,absorbing,ordestroyingthenativeCelticpeoplesthere.TheyfinallysettledinKent,Hampshire,andtheIsleofWight.Angles,Saxons,andJutes:Normans:2.1.2TheNormanswerethepeoplewhogavetheirnametoNormandy,aregioninnorthernFrance.Theyplayedamajorpolitical,military,andculturalroleinmedievalEuropeandeventheNearEast.TheywerefamedfortheirmartialspiritandChristianpiety.TheyquicklyadoptedtheRomancelanguageofthelandtheysettledoff,theirdialectbecomingknownasNorman,animportantliterarylanguage.TheDuchy（直辖领地）ofNormandy,whichtheyformedbytreatywiththeFrenchcrown,wasoneofthegreatlargefiefs（封地）ofmedievalFrance.NormanadventurersestablishedakingdominSicilyandsouthernItalybyconquest,andaNormanexpeditiononbehalfoftheirduke,WilliamtheConqueror,ledtotheNormanConquestofEngland.DemographicComposition

60.2million(mid-2005)(including92.1%white,7.9%non-whites)Ethnicminorities:Indian22.7%Pakistani16.1%Chinese5.3%African10.5%Bangladeshi(孟加拉国人)6.1%Caribbean12.2%Mixed14.6%Other12.4%BlackDeath(P21)LinguisticCompositionEnglishistheofficiallanguageoftheUK,andisthefirstlanguageofthevastmajority.(P16)English(95%),theWelsh,theScottishandtheIrish.InWalesmanypeoplespeakCeltic(凯尔特语)aboutoneinfour;inScotlandabout58000peopleintheHighlandspossestheirownGaelic(盖尔语)language.BritishpeoplethinkofthemselvesasEnglishmen,Scotsmen,WelshmenandIrishmen.Theytakethenationaldivisionverymuchforgranted.IfyoumeetaScottishorWelshpersonandcallhiman“Englishman”,thissometimesannoyshim,andhewouldcorrectyoubysaying“IamScottish"or“IamWelsh”.RP.Cockney.Indo-Europeanlanguage.2.3Cockney:Haveyouheardof“Cockney”?ThetermCockneyhasbothgeographicalandlinguisticassociations.Geographicallyandculturally,itoftenreferstoworking-classLondoners,particularlythoseintheEastEnd.Linguistically,itreferstotheformofEnglishspokenbythisgroup.ClassStructureUpperclassMiddleclassWorkingclass(P18-19)Upper-middle

classMiddleclassLowermiddleclassClassconsciousness:2.5Britainwasonceaclass-riddensociety.Today,multiculturalismandachangingeconomyaregraduallyerodingtheBritishclasssystem,butsomefeaturesofthesystemstillremain.TheBritishsocietyhasoftenbeenconsideredtobedividedintothreemainclasses:theUpperClassOftenpeoplewithinheritedwealth.Includessomeoftheoldestfamilies,withmanyofthembeingtitledaristocrats.theMiddleClassThemajorityofthepopulationofBritain.Theyincludeindustrialists,professionals,businesspeopleandshopowners.2.5theLowerorWorkingClassPeoplewhoareagricultural,mineandfactoryworkers.AlthoughsomepeopleintheUKstillrefertothemselvesas“working-class”,“lower-middle”or“upper-middle”(andofcoursetherearethosewhothinkofthemselvesasthe“elite”class),tothemajorityoftheBritishthemeaningsdon’tseemtomattermuchthesedays.ClassidentityincontemporaryBritainClassconsciousness:WhataretheelementsoftheBritishidentity?2.6Whilethecontentof“Britishness”issharedacrossmostgroups,thereareimportantdifferencesinthewaysinwhichdifferentgroupsandindividualsarerelatedto,andidentifiedwith,Britishness.UKpassportholdersallknowtheyareBritishcitizens,butnoteveryoneattachesvalueorsignificancetobeingBritish.InScotlandandWales,whiteandethnicminoritypeopleidentifymorestronglywitheachrespectivecountrythanwithBritain.InEngland,whiteEnglishperceivethemselvesasEnglishfirstandasBritishsecond,whileethnicminoritypeopleperceivethemselvesasBritish,secondWhataretheelementsoftheBritishidentity?2.6notEnglish,alabeltheyassociateexclusivelywithwhitepeople.Thus,thepeoplewhoidentifymoststronglywithBritishnessarethosefromethnicminoritybackgroundsresidentinEngland.Ethnicminoritypeoplealsodrawonothersourcesofidentification:religion(forMuslimsonly);ethnicity(region,countryorcontinentoforigins,andtheirassociatedcultures);andraceorcolour(forblackCaribbeanandblackAfricanparticipantsonly).Thesevariousidentitiesbecomemoreorlesssalient（显著的，突出的）indifferentsituations.Theyareseenasbeingcompatiblewith（与和谐相处）Britishness.WhataretheelementsoftheBritishidentity?2.6ThesefeaturessuggestthatthecontemporaryBritishareaverydiversepeoplewithvaryingidentities.Therehasbeenstrongvoicearguingformulticulturalismorseparatedevelopmentofculturalgroupsandthepreservationoftheiridentities.Others,however,advocateculturalveryElementsofBritishnessAssimilation（同化）.Thelatterimpliesanacceptanceofbasiccommonvalues,includingthoserepresentedbycivicsocialandpoliticalstructures,whichhaveprimacy（首位）overculturalidentities.1.TheEnglish,theScots,andtheWelshareAnglo-Saxons,buttheIrishareCelts.2.LondonandEnglandasawholehavegreatinfluenceovertherestoftheUnitedKingdombecauseoftheirlargepopulation.3.PeopleofIndian,Pakistani,andBangladeshioriginarethelargestgroupofimmigrantsinBritain.4.Comparedtotherestoftheworld,theUKhasasmallerpercentageofolderpeopleandahigherpercentageofyoungerpeople.F()TrueorFalse:3.1T()T()F()Exercises:3.1T()F()T()F()F()5.The

Welsh

language

isthe

official

language

inWales.6.ScottishGaelicistheofficiallanguageinScotland.7.TheEnglishlanguageisth