新航道语法-定语从句-说课+讲课课件

Attributiveclause定语从句AttributiveclauseMyConsideration1.Targetstudents2.Teachingmaterials3.Teachingaims4.RequirementsMyConsideration1.TargetstudProcedures1.Leadin:ExamplesentencesSentencestructureanalysisAttributiveclause2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses3.Variousexercises:gapfilling,translation,sentencecorrection,sentencereconstruction…4.ConclusionProcedures1.Leadin:Attributiveclause*定语从句SusanAttributiveclause*Susan1.Leadin请找出句子主干(mainclause)和从句Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.1.Leadin请找出句子主干(mainclause)1.LeadinIfyou’reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected“floorsenior”whoisusuallyastudentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho’sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.(剑2,T2,L)Ifyou’reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected“floorsenior”

whoisusuallyastudentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho’sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.1.LeadinIfyou’reunsureabo两大基本概念：先行词（Antecedent）：??

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一般由:名词,代词,短语,句子充当引导词/关系词（Relativeword）：??引导定语从句的词叫引导词。

引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。E.g.Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.（adjectiveclause)2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses

两大基本概念：先行词（Antecedent）：??2.T引导词/关系词（Relativeword）（1）关系代词(relativepro-noun)：who，whom，whose，which，that（2）关系副词(relativepro-adverb)：when，where，why（3）特殊引导词：than,but,as,whereby（4）介词+引导词2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses

引导词/关系词（Relativeword）2.Thee（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Examples:1.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（成分？）2.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（成分？）Note1:who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Ex（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Examples:3.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.（成分？）4.Pleasepassmethebookwhose

(ofwhich）coverisgreen.（成分？）Note2:whose这个词代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以与ofwhich互换）（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Ex（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Examples:5.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（成分？）6.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（成分？）Note3:which,that这些词代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：ExaTask1.sentencereconstruction1.Theycouldnotgetthejob.TheywantedtheJob.KEY:1.Theycouldnotgetthejobwhich/thattheywanted.3.ExercisesTask1.sentencereconstructioTask1.sentencereconstruction2.Thepersonismygoodfriend.Ispoketothepersonjustnow.KEY:2.Thepersonthat/whom

Ispoketojustnowismygoodfriend.Theperson

towhom

Ispokejustnowismygoodfriend.3.ExercisesTask1.sentencereconstructioTask2.Gapfilling1.Therearelotsofbusinesspeople___cometoChinatoworkanddobusiness.(剑3,T3,S)2.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,____sizeanddraughthaveincreased.（剑2,T2,R）KEY:1.who/that2.whose3.ExercisesTask2.Gapfilling3.ExerciseTask2.Gapfilling3.Thecouncil,___wasfoundedin1996,certifiesfisheriesthatmeethighenvironmentalstandards,enablingthemtousealabelthatrecognizestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.（剑7,T4,R）KEY:which?that?Note4:restrictiveclausesandnon-restrictiveclauses.3.ExercisesTask2.Gapfilling3.ExerciseTask3.sentencecorrection1.Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatisnotfullyunderstood.KEY:Key:------is:areNote5:

定语从句中的主谓一致.定语从句中的谓语动词用单数还是复数,这不取决于关系词,而是由先行词决定的.3.ExercisesTask3.sentencecorrection3.Task4.Translation1.1994到1995年期间出现了很大的增长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。（剑3，T2，W）Key:Thereemergedagreatincreasefrom1994to1995,whichlikelycontinuedinthenextyears.Theyears/periodfrom1994to1995saw/witnessedgreatincreases,which

likelycontinuedintothefollowingyears.3.ExercisesTask4.Translation3.Exercise1.关系代词所代替的先行词是___________人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当___________主语、宾语、定语等成分。2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4.Conclusions1.关系代词所代替的先行词是___________4.C引导词/关系词（Relativeword）（1）关系代词(relativepro-noun)：who，whom，whose，which，that（2）关系副词(relativepro-adverb)：when，where，why（3）特殊引导词：than,but,as,whereby（4）介词+引导词2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses

引导词/关系词（Relativeword）2.TheeTobecontinued…Thankyou!Tobecontinued…（2）关系副词：（2）关系副词：

①when---时间状语AprilFool’sDayisthatspecialday

whenyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone!Children’sfavoritesaretoputsaltinthesugarbowlforDad’smorningcoffeeorputchalkonadeskchairatschoolsotheteachergetsawhitebackside!Butremember,ifyouplayajokeafter12noon,YOUaretheAprilFool!①when---时间状语AprilFool’sDay【练】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑5，T4，R）Thisisapointwhenadequatefoodresourceswillbeassured.【练】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑5，T4，R）

②where---地点状语在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶，也可以观看到京剧表演节目。（剑3，T3，S）InBeijingtherearesomefamousteahouseswhereyoucansitanddrinktea,andtheyalsohavethePekingoperashows.②where---地点状语在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里Pavarotti,OperaStarFindsCreativePassioninPaintingTenorLucianoPavarottiholdsahandkerchiefwheneverhesingsinconcert.Yetinreallifeheismorelikelytobefoundholdingapaintbrush.Forhisgreatloveispaintingvividly-coloredpicturesofItalianvillagesandseascapes.Whathelikesbestaboutpaintingisitscontrasttoopera,wherethechallengeistouseone’stalentstobringtolifetheworksofothers.“WhenIfinishacanvas,IfeelIhavecreatedaworld.Pavarotti,OperaStarFindsCr

③why----原因状语Reasonwhy【练】发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视的影响力增大了。(剑3，G，TB，W）OneofthemajorreasonswhythischangehashappenedistheincreasedinfluenceofTV.③why----原因状语Reasonwhy【课堂练习】一（引导词）：【课堂练习】一（引导词）：1.Thesearelotsofbusinesspeople___cometoChinatoworkanddobusiness.(剑3,T3,S)2.Thecouncil,___wasfoundedin1996,certifiesfisheriesthatmeethighenvironmentalstandards,enablingthemtousealabelthatrecognizestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.（剑7,T4,R）1.Thesearelotsofbusiness3.Thisismostevidentinphotographicfilm,_____GermanyspendsmuchlessthanBritain.(剑3,T2,W)4.Sincetheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcentury,_____theInternationalAthleticFederationbegankeepingrecords,therehasbeenasteadyimprovementinhowfastathletesrun,howhightheyjumpandhowfartheyareabletohurlmassiveobjects,themselvesincluded,throughspace.(剑4,T4,R)3.Thisismostevidentinpho5.Theactiontakesplaceinundergroundcities____theenvironmentiscontrolledbycomputers.(剑5,G,TB,R)6.Thefieldwaslaunched,andtheterm“artificialintelligence”coined,ataconferencein1956byagroupofresearchersthatincludedMarvinMinsky,JohnMcCarthy,HerbertSimonandAlanNewell,allof_____wentontobecomeleadingfiguresinthefield.（剑5,T3,R)5.Theactiontakesplaceinu【课堂练习】二:改错1.I’dreallyliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcompletely.2.Long-dayplantsareadaptedforsituationswhererequirefertilizationbyinsects,oralongperiodofseedripening.(剑5,T4,R)【课堂练习】二:改错1.I’dreallylik【总结】：引导词的判断原理：１，先行词２，从句是否完整【总结】：引导词的判断原理：【课后练习】1.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,____sizeanddraughthaveincreased.（剑2,T2,R）2.Theareabecameone___thevastmajorityofpeoplelivedinextremepoverty,andsufferedfromappallingsanitaryconditions.（剑6,T1,L)KEY:whose,where【课后练习】（3）特殊引导词：1234（3）特殊引导词：1①than

先行词是比较级/被比较级修饰【练1/2】退让一步，你会获得比预想还要多的东西。Byyieldingyougetmorethanyouexpected.【练2/2】Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantities

thanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.(剑3，T2，R）由于使用农药和化肥可领取政府补贴，农民就不顾实际需要而超量使用，以期取得最高经济作物产量。①than

先行词是比较级/被②but=that````notThereisnomanbuthashisfault.=thereisnomanwhodoesnothavehisfault.不存在没有过错的人。②but=that````notTherei③as（1）as---限定（即限制性定语从句）固定搭配：such,as,thesame+asAtexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsociety.（剑4,T4,R）就在保健资源是有限的这个新知识被理解的同时，一种相反的观点也在西方社会逐步形成。③as（1）as---限定（即限制性定语从句）（2）as----非限定位置：句首。（句中，句末）

先行词：整个主句。常见用法：

AsIsaidbefore,AsImentionedbefore,Asyoucansee,Aswillbeobserved,（2）as----非限定位置：句首。（句中，句末）④whereby=bywhich“凭借，借以”【练】政府可以推行一个体系，让产生更多垃圾的个人和公司支付更多的资金，用于处理垃圾.（剑5,G,TB,W）Thegovernmentcouldintroduceasystem

whereby

individualsandcompaniesthatproducemorewastemustpaymoremoney,tocoverthecostofdealingwithit.④whereby=bywhich“凭借，借以”【课堂练习】:1._____Imentionedbefore,Ithinkthependantbringsmegoodluck.(剑3,T4,S)2.Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome____wascommoninthetraditionalfamilystructure.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as【课堂练习】:1._____Imentionedbe3:填空:1)___isknowntousall,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.2)___isknowntousallthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3)___isknowntousallisthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3:填空:【课后作业】:

1.TheInternetgivesusaccesstomuchmoreinformationinamuchshortertime____isavailablewithconventionalshoppingmethods.（剑3,T4,S）2.改错：Thebuildingmaybeinaconservationareaornearhousing,inthatcaseitwillbemuchmoredifficulttoconsiderchanges.(剑7,G,T,R)KEY：than;inwhichcase【课后作业】:（4）介词+引导词

可接的关系代词:which,whom介词的选择：1）与先行词搭配2）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配3）语义表达的需要（4）介词+引导词可接的关系代词:1）与先行词搭配Weareawareoftheextenttowhichapositiveattitudecontributestosuccess.我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。1）与先行词搭配【练】公众通过游行示威这种方式，可以有效地让政府官员们注意到不平等的社会现实。Publicdemonstrationsareaneffectivemeans

____________.bywhichthepeoplecanbringsocialinequalitiestotheattentionofgovernmentofficials.【练】公众通过游行示威这种方式，可以有效地让政府官员们注意到2）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配Ageniusisamanwhodoesuniquethingsofwhichnobodywouldexpecthimtobecapable.天才是指这个人做的事情独一无二，而且没有人料到他有能力做到。2）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配【练】许多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期症状就是在白天都极度想睡觉。Manyhypersomniacssufferfrommarcolepsy,__________.of/forwhichtheprimarysymptomisexcessivedaytimesleepiness.【练】许多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期症状就是在白天都极3）语义表达的需要【练】知识是我们借以飞上天堂的翅膀。Knowledgeisthewings________.with/through/bywhichweflytotheheavens.3）语义表达的需要【课后练习】【课后练习】1.Theparticularindividual___whomoneisconcernedintheanalysisofanysituationisusuallygiventhenameoffocalperson.(剑3,T2,R)2.Ironically,Francehadthelowestspendinginperfume,something___whichitisfamous,perhapsbecauseperfumeischeaperinFrance.(剑3,T2,W)3.Thisecho-locationinbatsisoftencomparedwithradar,theprinciple____whichissimilar1.Theparticularindividual_5.Theonlyway___whichproductivitycouldbeincreasedwastochangethesizeoftheworkgroup.（剑3,T4,R）14.HowcanyoutellanAsiaticlionfromanAfricanlion,___whichyou’reprobablymorefamiliar?（剑6,T4,L）18.Thisisthepoint____whichrealproblemsoccur.（剑2,T2,W）练习：P126五—1,2,3,5,14,185.Theonlyway___whichprod★★难点：

关系副词When=介词+关系代词

关系副词Where=介词+关系代词判断：(1)where,which,inwhich,thatItisthefactory____Iworkedyearsago.Itisthefactory____Iworkedinyearsago.Itisthefactoryin____Iworkedyearsago.Itisthefactory__Italkedaboutyearsago.Itisinthefactory____Iworkedyearsago.★★难点：

关系副词When=介词+关系代词

关系副词Whe(2)when,which,onwhich,thatIcherishedtheholiday__westudiedtogether.Icherishedtheholiday__westudiedontogether.Icherishedtheholidayon__westudiedtogether.Icherishedtheholiday__wespendtogether.(2)when,which,onwhich,th多重定语从句InNunavut’sigloosociety,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there’shighincidenceofdepression.（剑6，T1，R）在Nunavut拱形圆顶小屋的社会中，抑郁症发病率很高，因为成年人曾在拱形圆顶小屋里出生，而他们的孩子却可能永远不曾迈出家门，到外面的世界去。多重定语从句InNunavut’sigloosocieInotherwords,theygavenoindicationofanappreciationofeithertherangeofwaysinwhichrainforestsareimportantorthecomplexsocial,economicandpoliticalfactorswhichdrivetheactivitieswhicharedestroyingtherainforests.（剑4，T1，R）换句话说，他们既没有显示出对热带雨林的重要范围的重视，也没有显示出对那些复杂的社会，经济和政治因素的重视，这些因素促使人们从事一些破坏热带雨林的活动。Inotherwords,theygavenoiTHEENDTHEEND复习(定语从句）1，概念（先行词，引导词）2，引导词

关系代词，

关系副词，

特殊引导词，

介词+引导词3.多重定语从句复习(定语从句）1，概念（先行词，引导词）作业P133,1-6作业P133,1-6练习:1.改错Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatisnotfullyunderstood.Key:------is:are知识点:

定语从句中的主谓一致.定语从句中的谓语动词用单数还是复数,这不取决于关系词,而是由先行词决定的.练习:1.改错2.改错ConfidenceisprobablyoneofthemostnoticeabletraitsintheAmericans.Theyshowconfidenceinthewayhowtheytalk,thewayhowtheysmile,thewayhowtheydressandthewayhowtheywalk.Key:delete“how”知识点:

定语从句中,关系副词没有how.如果要表达方式,我们用以下句型:theway+that/inwhich/×+从句2.改错3.判断以下两个that从句的区别.1)Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.2)TherumorthatTomwasagayturnedouttobeuntrue.结构上意义上That引导定语从句That+不完整从句=adj.对先行词起修饰,描述作用That引导同位语从句That+完整从句=n.对前面的名词内容的具体表述3.判断以下两个that从句的区别.结构上意义上ThatP130—合并句子1.4.51.Iknowmanyrichpeople.Noneofthemarehappy.(剑3,G,TB,W)4.Atthefive-starhotelweatedinneranddranklotsofbeerandchampagne.Intheevening,allthestudentswenttoaformalreceptionatafive-starhotel.(剑3,T3,S)5.Theeventstartedwiththestudentsgatheringinalargehall.Inthelargehallweweregiventherobesandhats.Weworetherobesandhatsduringtheceremony.(剑3,T3,S)P130—合并句子1.4.51.IknowmanyrP133---翻译1.总有许多外国留学生来中国学习.(剑3,T3,S)2.正如谚语所说,“给人一条鱼,可以养活他一天;教会人捕鱼,可以养活他一生.”(剑3,T4,W)P133---翻译1.总有许多外国留学生来中国学习.(剑3,3，我认为对电脑将会带来的好处保持怀疑很重要。（剑1,G,W）Ithinkit’simportanttobesuspiciousofthebenefitsthatcomputerwillbring.3，我认为对电脑将会带来的好处保持怀疑很重要。（剑1,G,W4，关于大学应该以什么为基础来录取学生的问题一直存在争论。（剑5,T1,W）Therehasbeensomedebateaboutthebasisonwhichuniversitiesshouldacceptstudents.4，关于大学应该以什么为基础来录取学生的问题一直存在争论。（5，这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径5英里范围内的所有人。（剑3,G,TB,W）Thiswoulddefinitelybedetrimentaltoallthepeoplewhoworkorlivewithinafive-mileradius.5，这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径5英里范围内的所有人。（剑高分作文句子高分作文句子【练】仍然有许多人持传统的观点，认为寄宿学校对孩子的学习发挥着及其重要的作用。

(教育话题）Holdthetraditionalideas/liveunderthetraditionalideasboardingschoolsplay````rolesinsth.Nowadays，therearestillmanypeoplewholiveunderthetraditionalideasthatboardingschoolsplayanextremelyimportantroleinchildren’sstudy.【练】仍然有许多人持传统的观点，认为寄宿学校对孩子的学习发挥【课后练习】对于父母亲来说，如果比较传统的话，就应该使自己比较现代或学习从孩子的角度看问题；如果他们整日忙于工作的话，就必须每天抽出时间来在自由的气氛中和孩子交流，享受由此带来的温暖。（家庭话题）Withregardtoparents,thosewhoaretraditionalmustkeepthemselvesup-to-dateorlearntoseethingsthewaytheirchildrendo,andthosewhoalwaysburythemselvesinworkmustspendsometimeeverydaywiththeirchildrenenjoyingthewarmthcreatedthroughexchangesofideasinafreeatmosphere.【课后练习】对于父母亲来说，如果比较传统的话，就应该使自己比Attributiveclause定语从句AttributiveclauseMyConsideration1.Targetstudents2.Teachingmaterials3.Teachingaims4.RequirementsMyConsideration1.TargetstudProcedures1.Leadin:ExamplesentencesSentencestructureanalysisAttributiveclause2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses3.Variousexercises:gapfilling,translation,sentencecorrection,sentencereconstruction…4.ConclusionProcedures1.Leadin:Attributiveclause*定语从句SusanAttributiveclause*Susan1.Leadin请找出句子主干(mainclause)和从句Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.1.Leadin请找出句子主干(mainclause)1.LeadinIfyou’reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected“floorsenior”whoisusuallyastudentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho’sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.(剑2,T2,L)Ifyou’reunsureaboutthings,eachfloorhasanelected“floorsenior”

whoisusuallyastudentintheirthirdorfourthyearofstudywho’sbeenatSmithHouseforawhile.1.LeadinIfyou’reunsureabo两大基本概念：先行词（Antecedent）：??

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一般由:名词,代词,短语,句子充当引导词/关系词（Relativeword）：??引导定语从句的词叫引导词。

引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。E.g.Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.（adjectiveclause)2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses

两大基本概念：先行词（Antecedent）：??2.T引导词/关系词（Relativeword）（1）关系代词(relativepro-noun)：who，whom，whose，which，that（2）关系副词(relativepro-adverb)：when，where，why（3）特殊引导词：than,but,as,whereby（4）介词+引导词2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses

引导词/关系词（Relativeword）2.Thee（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Examples:1.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（成分？）2.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（成分？）Note1:who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Ex（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Examples:3.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.（成分？）4.Pleasepassmethebookwhose

(ofwhich）coverisgreen.（成分？）Note2:whose这个词代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以与ofwhich互换）（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Ex（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：Examples:5.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（成分？）6.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（成分？）Note3:which,that这些词代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。（1）关系代词(Relativepro-noun)：ExaTask1.sentencereconstruction1.Theycouldnotgetthejob.TheywantedtheJob.KEY:1.Theycouldnotgetthejobwhich/thattheywanted.3.ExercisesTask1.sentencereconstructioTask1.sentencereconstruction2.Thepersonismygoodfriend.Ispoketothepersonjustnow.KEY:2.Thepersonthat/whom

Ispoketojustnowismygoodfriend.Theperson

towhom

Ispokejustnowismygoodfriend.3.ExercisesTask1.sentencereconstructioTask2.Gapfilling1.Therearelotsofbusinesspeople___cometoChinatoworkanddobusiness.(剑3,T3,S)2.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,____sizeanddraughthaveincreased.（剑2,T2,R）KEY:1.who/that2.whose3.ExercisesTask2.Gapfilling3.ExerciseTask2.Gapfilling3.Thecouncil,___wasfoundedin1996,certifiesfisheriesthatmeethighenvironmentalstandards,enablingthemtousealabelthatrecognizestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.（剑7,T4,R）KEY:which?that?Note4:restrictiveclausesandnon-restrictiveclauses.3.ExercisesTask2.Gapfilling3.ExerciseTask3.sentencecorrection1.Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatisnotfullyunderstood.KEY:Key:------is:areNote5:

定语从句中的主谓一致.定语从句中的谓语动词用单数还是复数,这不取决于关系词,而是由先行词决定的.3.ExercisesTask3.sentencecorrection3.Task4.Translation1.1994到1995年期间出现了很大的增长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。（剑3，T2，W）Key:Thereemergedagreatincreasefrom1994to1995,whichlikelycontinuedinthenextyears.Theyears/periodfrom1994to1995saw/witnessedgreatincreases,which

likelycontinuedintothefollowingyears.3.ExercisesTask4.Translation3.Exercise1.关系代词所代替的先行词是___________人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当___________主语、宾语、定语等成分。2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。4.Conclusions1.关系代词所代替的先行词是___________4.C引导词/关系词（Relativeword）（1）关系代词(relativepro-noun)：who，whom，whose，which，that（2）关系副词(relativepro-adverb)：when，where，why（3）特殊引导词：than,but,as,whereby（4）介词+引导词2.TheelementsofAttributiveclauses

引导词/关系词（Relativeword）2.TheeTobecontinued…Thankyou!Tobecontinued…（2）关系副词：（2）关系副词：

①when---时间状语AprilFool’sDayisthatspecialday

whenyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone!Children’sfavoritesaretoputsaltinthesugarbowlforDad’smorningcoffeeorputchalkonadeskchairatschoolsotheteachergetsawhitebackside!Butremember,ifyouplayajokeafter12noon,YOUaretheAprilFool!①when---时间状语AprilFool’sDay【练】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑5，T4，R）Thisisapointwhenadequatefoodresourceswillbeassured.【练】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑5，T4，R）

②where---地点状语在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶，也可以观看到京剧表演节目。（剑3，T3，S）InBeijingtherearesomefamousteahouseswhereyoucansitanddrinktea,andtheyalsohavethePekingoperashows.②where---地点状语在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里Pavarotti,OperaStarFindsCreativePassioninPaintingTenorLucianoPavarottiholdsahandkerchiefwheneverhesingsinconcert.Yetinreallifeheismorelikelytobefoundholdingapaintbrush.Forhisgreatloveispaintingvividly-coloredpicturesofItalianvillagesandseascapes.Whathelikesbestaboutpaintingisitscontrasttoopera,wherethechallengeistouseone’stalentstobringtolifetheworksofothers.“WhenIfinishacanvas,IfeelIhavecreatedaworld.Pavarotti,OperaStarFindsCr

③why----原因状语Reasonwhy【练】发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视的影响力增大了。(剑3，G，TB，W）OneofthemajorreasonswhythischangehashappenedistheincreasedinfluenceofTV.③why----原因状语Reasonwhy【课堂练习】一（引导词）：【课堂练习】一（引导词）：1.Thesearelotsofbusinesspeople___cometoChinatoworkanddobusiness.(剑3,T3,S)2.Thecouncil,___wasfoundedin1996,certifiesfisheriesthatmeethighenvironmentalstandards,enablingthemtousealabelthatrecognizestheirenvironmentalresponsibility.（剑7,T4,R）1.Thesearelotsofbusiness3.Thisismostevidentinphotographicfilm,_____GermanyspendsmuchlessthanBritain.(剑3,T2,W)4.Sincetheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcentury,_____theInternationalAthleticFederationbegankeepingrecords,therehasbeenasteadyimprovementinhowfastathletesrun,howhightheyjumpandhowfartheyareabletohurlmassiveobjects,themselvesincluded,throughspace.(剑4,T4,R)3.Thisismostevidentinpho5.Theactiontakesplaceinundergroundcities____theenvironmentiscontrolledbycomputers.(剑5,G,TB,R)6.Thefieldwaslaunched,andtheterm“artificialintelligence”coined,ataconferencein1956byagroupofresearchersthatincludedMarvinMinsky,JohnMcCarthy,HerbertSimonandAlanNewell,allof_____wentontobecomeleadingfiguresinthefield.（剑5,T3,R)5.Theactiontakesplaceinu【课堂练习】二:改错1.I’dreallyliketofindafriendthatIcantrusthimcompletely.2.Long-dayplantsareadaptedforsituationswhererequirefertilizationbyinsects,oralongperiodofseedripening.(剑5,T4,R)【课堂练习】二:改错1.I’dreallylik【总结】：引导词的判断原理：１，先行词２，从句是否完整【总结】：引导词的判断原理：【课后练习】1.Seaportshavebeentransformedbytheadventofpoweredvessels,____sizeanddraughthaveincreased.（剑2,T2,R）2.Theareabecameone___thevastmajorityofpeoplelivedinextremepoverty,andsufferedfromappallingsanitaryconditions.（剑6,T1,L)KEY:whose,where【课后练习】（3）特殊引导词：1234（3）特殊引导词：1①than

先行词是比较级/被比较级修饰【练1/2】退让一步，你会获得比预想还要多的东西。Byyieldingyougetmorethanyouexpected.【练2/2】Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantities

thanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.(剑3，T2，R）由于使用农药和化肥可领取政府补贴，农民就不顾实际需要而超量使用，以期取得最高经济作物产量。①than

先行词是比较级/被②but=that````notThereisnomanbuthashisfault.=thereisnomanwhodoesnothavehisfault.不存在没有过错的人。②but=that````notTherei③as（1）as---限定（即限制性定语从句）固定搭配：such,as,thesame+asAtexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsociety.（剑4,T4,R）就在保健资源是有限的这个新知识被理解的同时，一种相反的观点也在西方社会逐步形成。③as（1）as---限定（即限制性定语从句）（2）as----非限定位置：句首。（句中，句末）

先行词：整个主句。常见用法：

AsIsaidbefore,AsImentionedbefore,Asyoucansee,Aswillbeobserved,（2）as----非限定位置：句首。（句中，句末）④whereby=bywhich“凭借，借以”【练】政府可以推行一个体系，让产生更多垃圾的个人和公司支付更多的资金，用于处理垃圾.（剑5,G,TB,W）Thegovernmentcouldintroduceasystem

whereby

individualsandcompaniesthatproducemorewastemustpaymoremoney,tocoverthecostofdealingwithit.④whereby=bywhich“凭借，借以”【课堂练习】:1._____Imentionedbefore,Ithinkthependantbringsmegoodluck.(剑3,T4,S)2.Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome____wascommoninthetraditionalfamilystructure.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.as【课堂练习】:1._____Imentionedbe3:填空:1)___isknowntousall,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.2)___isknowntousallthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3)___isknowntousallisthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3:填空:【课后作业】:

1.TheInternetgivesusaccesstomuchmoreinformationinamuchshortertime____isavailablewithconventionalshoppingmethods.（剑3,T4,S）2.改错：Thebuildingmaybeinaconservationareaornearhousing,inthatcaseitwillbemuchmoredifficulttoconsiderchanges.(剑7,G,T,R)KEY：than;inwhichcase【课后作业】:（4）介词+引导词

可接的关系代词:which,whom介词的选择：1）与先行词搭配2）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配3）语义表达的需要（4）介词+引导词可接的关系代词:1）与先行词搭配Weareawareoftheextenttowhichapositiveattitudecontributestosuccess.我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。1）与先行词搭配【练】公众通过游行示威这种方式，可以有效地让政府官员们注意到不平等的社会现实。Publicdemonstrationsareaneffectivemeans

____________.bywhichthepeoplecanbringsocialinequalitiestotheattentionofgov