Module 4 Carnival Grammar-高中英语外研版必修五

GrammarReviewofthepassivevoiceWhowrotethisbook?=Thisbook__________byMarkTwain.waswrittenMarkTwainwrotethisbook.Whatisthemandoing?Heisfeeding2dogs.=2dogs___________byhim.arebeingfedWhenshallweusethepassivevoice?1.Usethepassivevoicewhenyouwanttoemphasizethereceiver,ratherthanthedoerofanaction.e.g.Williamwateredtheflowers.Theflowerswerewatered.2.Usethepassivevoicewhenyoudonotknowthedoerofanaction.e.g.Thesebooksarewrittenforteenagers.3.Usethepassivevoicewhenyouwanttobepolite,orwhenyoudonotwanttoidentifythedoerofanaction.e.g.Youarewarmlyinvitedtoaparty.Putthefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice1.Inthelate1970sstudentsrevivedthetradition.2.Today,peopleinVenicecelebratecarnivalforfivedaysinFebruary.3.Thegovernmentwillbuildmoreroadstosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.Inthelate1970sthetraditionwasrevivedbythestudents.Today,carnivaliscelebratedinVeniceforfivedaysinFebruary.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+过去分词Moreroadswillbebuilttosolvetheproblemoftrafficjamsbythegovernment.4.Waitamoment.Mymotheriscookinglunch.5.Peoplewerehuntingthewolfeverywherelastyear.Waitamoment.Lunchisbeingcookedbymymother.Thewolfwasbeinghuntedeverywherelastyear.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+过去分词6.Peoplehavedonealottoprotecttheenvironment.7.Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirefightersarrived.Alothasbeendonetoprotecttheenvironment.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefirefightersarrived.现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：had+been+过去分词被动语态注意事项1.谓语动词被动语态的构成(be的各种时态+过去分词)时态被动语态形式(以do为例)一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时现在进行时过去进行时am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone2.语态转换时需注意的问题：1)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动时有两种变化：

①把间接宾语(指人)变为被动句的主语，直接宾语不变。②把直接宾语(指物)变为被动句的主语，这时，间接宾语要用介词to/for等引出。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Myauntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbymyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebymyaunt.2)含有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的主动句变为被动时，宾补一般不变。但在感官动词和使让动词后面，如果宾补为不定式，变为被动时，不定式要带to。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.Ourparentsoftenmakeusstudyhard.Weareoftenmadetostudyhardbyourparents.3)由“动词+prep./adv.”构成的短语动词变被动时要看成一个整体，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。

Heworkedouttheprobleminfiveminutes.Theproblemwasworkedoutinfiveminutes.

Motherislookingafterthebaby.

ThebabyisbeinglookedafterbyMother.4)由”动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词变为被动时有两种变化：可以把动词后的名词或介词后的名词变为被动句的主语。如：Thenursestakegoodcareofthewounded.Thewoundedaretakengoodcareofbythenurses.Goodcareistakenofthewoundedbythenurses.Wemustmakefulluseofourtimetostudy.Ourtimemustbemadefulluseoftostudy.Fullusemustbemadeofourtimetostudy.3.确定谓语动词的主被动时应注意的问题：

1)不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen,takeplace,occur,breakout,runout(用完),fall,appear,disappear,remain,exist,etc.2)感官系动词taste,smell,look,feel,sound,seem等常用主动形式表示被动含义。3)当动词open,close,shut,read,write,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等用作不及物动词，说明主语的性质特征或状态时，常用主动表被动,这时，它们常和badly,hardly,easily,well,smoothly,long等副词连用。4.有些动词看似及物动词，但宾语并非动作的承受者，因此也不用被动语态，如:belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,last(持续),cost(花费),hold(容纳)，lack(缺乏)，agreewith(同意),consistof(由组成),mean(意味着),contain等。e.g.Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.Bikesofthatkindhardlysell.Yourhandsfeelcold.Thathousebelongstomymother.Theroomcancontain100students.Twostudentsremainedafterclass.Ourclassconsistsof60students.Mymoneyisrunningout.4.非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：1)need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth后面,

常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.Thebabyrequireslookingaftercarefully.2)easy,difficult,hard,heavy,fit,comfortable等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,

并且该不定式与句子的主语或宾语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

Ifoundhimdifficulttogetonwith.Thechairiscomfortabletositin.Thewaterisfittodrink.Theboxisheavytocarry.3)不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:

Shehasanoldgrandfathertolookafter.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith4)“主语＋系动词＋todo”结构也是主动形式表被动意义,主要用于“sth.＋betolet/rent(出租)”

或“sb.＋be＋toblame(受责备)”结构中。如:

It’snotmyfault.Sheistoblame.Thehouseistolet.5.记住下面固定短语和句型：

1)be/getmarriedtobefacedwithbelocatedin/on...beconnectedwith/tobedressedinbecoveredwithberelatedtobecrowdedwithbelostinbeseatedin/at...beengagedto2)Itishopedthat…希望……Itissupposedthat…据推测说……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出…Itwillbeseenthat…由此可以看出……Itissaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisbelievedthat…有人相信……Itisthoughtthat…人们认为……

LET’SDOSOMEEXERCISES!Rewritethesentencesinactivity4.1-6onpage357.Wewillteachthissongontheradio.8.Theyhavereturnedthebookstolibrary.9.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbeforetheywenthome.10.Theyareplantingtreesatthismoment.11.Theywerecleaningthewindowsatthattime.Veniceisvisitedbytouristsfromallovertheworld.Manyofthecarnivalmasksaremadebytrainedartists.Partiesweregivenbyrichpeopleeverydayforamonth.CarnivalwastakentoSouthAmericabythePortugueseandtheSpanish.TheNottingHillCarnivalwascreatedbytheWestIndiancommunityinLondon.6.Carnivalisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopletoday.7.Thissongwillbetaughton