2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号2_第1页
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)试卷号2_第4页
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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Theguides(

)thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate“积累;累积”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集;集合”;resemble“类似,像”。根据后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在门口集合,因此选项C符合题意。句意:这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。

2.单选题

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension().

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto().

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto().

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

问题1选项

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

问题2选项

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

问题3选项

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

问题4选项

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

问题5选项

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知,如果你之前的工作有传统养老金,那么退休之后你就得到一笔一定数目的养老金。故本题正确答案为D选项

2.细节事实题。题干询问:如果退休人员的养老金账户不足5000美元,他怎么做会比较明智。根据原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知,如果少于5000美元,或者公司提供一次性支付,那么就会关闭养老金账户,把钱取出来做20年额投资,以8%的利率计算就是23000美元。由此可知C选项“拿着养老金(投资)赚取利润”最符合题意,故本题正确答案为C项。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知,如果你有固定缴款计划,而你提前退休了,那么问题就出现了。你开始把钱花在本可以赚取利息的投资项目上。后面举例说明:如果你在55岁时退休,然后开始使用传统的养老金,那么到65岁时,你的养老金只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半左右。由此可知,A选项“赚得的利息变少”最符合题意,故本题正确答案为A项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问:下列哪一项适合作为最后三段的小标题?分析原文可知,文章最后三段主要讲的是提前退休与养老金的关系,过早退休开始使用养老金,会比工作到正常退休年龄损失大。因此,B选项“提前退休,损失巨大”最适合作为最后三段的标题,故本题正确答案为B项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问:下列哪一项表述不正确?选项B表示“如果一个人了解退休养老汁划的运行机制,那么提前退休是划算的”明显错误,由最后一段可知,提前退休会造成养老金减少,所以提前退休损失很大。其余选项与原文表述均相符,故本题正确答案为B选项。

3.单选题

ThisAfricancountryhasbeen()bycivilwar,famineandfloodfordecades.

问题1选项

A.afflicted

B.conflicted

C.despaired

D.inclined

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项afflict表示“折磨;使痛苦;使苦恼”;B选项conflict表示“冲突,矛盾;争执;斗争”;C选项despair表示“绝望,丧失信心”;D选项incline表示“倾向于,有……倾向”。根据关键词“civilwar,famineandflood(内战、饥荒和洪水)”可知,这个非洲国家一直饱受这些灾害折磨,故afflict最符合句意。因此,本题正确答案为A项。

4.单选题

Themanagerpromisedtokeepme()ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.

问题1选项

A.tobeinformed

B.oninforming

C.informed

D.informing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeprmedofsth.意为“让某人了解某事”。句意:经理答应会让我知道我们的生意进展如何。选项C正确。

5.单选题

Therewasonlyasmall()inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

问题1选项

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项intimacy表示“性关系,亲密;亲昵行为”;B选项immortality表示“不朽,不灭”;C选项increment表示“增量,增加,盈余”;D选项incidence表示“发生率,影响,后果”。由句意“在过去十年里,这个城市的人口只有少量”可知,只有C项最符合句意。因此,本题正确答案为C项。

6.单选题

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust()thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.

问题1选项

A.improve

B.enhance

C.gear

D.guarantee

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项improve“改善,增加”;B选项enhance“提高,加强”;C选项gear“使...适合”,后面通常接介词to;D选项guarantee“担保,保证”。句意:为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存,我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和种类适应世界市场的需求。选项C更符合语境。

7.单选题

Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblankasanticipation()nothingness.

问题1选项

A.smashesinto

B.squeezesinto

C.fadesinto

D.jamsinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项smashinto表示“猛撞在……”;B选项squeezeinto表示“挤入;硬塞进……”;C选项fadeinto表示“渐渐融入于……,逐渐变成……”;D选项jaminto表示“挤进”。根据Someone’sfutureblursandgoesblank(个人的未来变得渺茫,成为空白)可知,期望应当是逐渐变成虚无,故C项fadeinto符合语境。句意:当期望逐渐变得虚无,个人的未来也会变得渺茫,成为空白。

8.单选题

ProfessorJohnsonissaid()somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyears.

问题1选项

A.making

B.havingmade

C.tomake

D.tohavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。Sbissaid后接动词不定式,表示“据说某人”。用不定式的完成式表示已经发生的动作。此句相当于ItissaidthatProfessorJohnsonhasmadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.句意:据说约翰逊教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大进展。故本题正确答案为D项。

9.单选题

10.In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope(

)Europeintoagreatwar.

问题1选项

A.inserted

B.pitched

C.plunged

D.imposed

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。insert“插入,嵌入”后接in/into/between;pitch“用力扔,投,抛”;plunge“使…陷入(某种状态),把…抛进”,常和介词into搭配使用;impose“迫使,把…强加于”,常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意:1914年,发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into可知只有C项符合。答案选C。

10.单选题

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.

Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagricultureliaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients(营养成分)capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.

Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat(栖息地)Iossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.

What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050,yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.

Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe‘‘zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.

Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反两方而)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.

Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.

1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?

2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin(

).

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfanningpractices?

4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Byitsproductivity

B.Byitssustainability

C.Byitsimpactontheenvironment

D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth

问题2选项

A.Localizedpollution

B.theshrinkingoffarmland

C.competitionfromoverseas

D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.

B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.

C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.

D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.

问题4选项

A.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges

B.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts

C.Itwillabandontraditionalfanningpractices

D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment

问题5选项

A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.

B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.

C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.

D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词measureprogressinagriculture定位至第一段:Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives(这一点在农业领域表现得尤为突出,在该领域中,人们常常在未从历史、文化的角度予以适当考虑的情况下,认为可持续发展史衡量农业进步的唯一方法),因此B项“可持续性”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Specialization和increaseyields定位至第三段:Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields(来自海外的竞争压力使得农民们不得不进行专门的研究来增加作物的产量),该段还指出:However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity(但是,这些变化也导致栖息地的损失和生物多样性的不断减少),故选D“生物多样性的减少”。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词traditionalfanningpractices定位至第五段:Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones(比如,我们若要摒弃这样的想法:传统的做法必然会比新的做法更能够促进可持续发展)。因此C项“这些做法不一定是可持续性的”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词inthe21stcentury定位至第五段:Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th(所有这一切意味着,21世纪的农业生产将会与20世纪的农业生产截然不同)。故选A“将会经历巨变”。

5.主旨大意题。最后一段点明主题:Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction(关键是我们需要认识到,可持续性农业并不只是粮食生产的可持续性)。因此D项“催促人们重新思考什么是可持续性农业”正确。

11.单选题

Weareataseriousdisadvantagein(

)wehavenobodyproperlyqualifiedforthework

问题1选项

A.this

B.that

C.which

D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】考察固定搭配。inthat为固定搭配,意思是“由于,因为”。句意:我们现在处于非常不利的局面,因为我们没有胜任这份工作的人选。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:

“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomyear.

“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”

Oops.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?

2.Whatisfakingfoning?

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefoninglookrealonehasto

4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?

5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor

问题1选项

A.Cellphoneserviceispopularamongpeople.

B.Fakefoningisanewcellphoneservice.

C.Cellphonehasmuchuseinoffice.

D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.

问题2选项

A.Adevicenewlyproduced.

B.Astrategytoavoidpeople.

C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.

D.Askillofcommunication.

问题3选项

A.talkaboutinterestingmatters.

B.holdthephonewhilewalking.

C.appearabsorbedinconversation.

D.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby.

问题4选项

A.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.

B.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.

C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.

D.Fakefoingisalwaysquitesuccessful.

问题5选项

A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller.

B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague.

C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking.

D.continuedwithhisfakingconversation.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。本题要找出说法错误的选项,可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手机服务,因此选项A“手机服务对人们来说很普遍”正确。B选项说fakefoning是一项新的手机服务,明显错误。而由文章第二段可知,这种方法在办公室非常有用,故C项正确。文章第一段第二句指出可能已经有相当多的人在用这种方法了,但作者才刚刚发现,故D项正确。因此本题正确答案应为B项。

2.推理判断。本题询问fakefoning的含义,这正是文章的主题。虽然原文没有给出fakefoning的确切定义,但通过原文内容推理可知,fakefoning就是假装接听手机的意思。而foning也假借了ph的发音,其含义其实就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出,这种假装接电话的目的是colleagueavoidance,故B选项正确。其余选项均为对文中语句的混淆解释。

3.推理判断题。题干询问“为了让假接手机看起来更真实,作者认为应该怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知,要根据你想要避开的人而改变谈论的主题和内容,因此不能只谈论有趣的话题,故A项错误。而“走路的时候拿着手机”显然也不能单纯地提高真实性,故B项错误。根据原文第七段可知,要专注接听电话,对路过的人只需用眼神交流一下,点点头,同时还要指指电话,表示在讲电话,只能以后再聊,但并不能推断出这种礼貌地回应能让假接手机看起来更真实,故D项错误。只有C项“装成投入到交谈中的样子(没有注意到旁人)”最真实,最符合题意。因此,本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问文中最后一个例子的含义,其实也就是询问最后四段的主旨。这个例子是讲作者有一次在假装接电话时,正好有一个电话打进来,作者只好急中生智,装成手机出问题断线了,而自己还不知道后面又继续通话,可见假接电话也要多加小心,故A选项正确。在这个例子中,作者只是刚好假装在和医生通话,故B选项错误。C选项认为fakefoning可能欺骗不了别人,是片面的,作者就很巧妙地化解了尴尬局面,成功骗了同事。选项D说假装接电话总是成功的,根据最后这个例子来看这也未必,还是需要小心的。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段可知,当电活铃突然响起时,作者正好与同事四目相对,但是作者并未惊慌,只是很自然地说道:“这东西出什么毛病了?”同时拿开手机看了一下,然后重新放回耳边说到:“喂喂喂,还在吗?”由此可以看出,作者是对同事说了一句话,因此本题正确答案为B选项。

13.单选题

Being()yourjobisfine,ofcourse,butyoushouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime.

问题1选项

A.trappedin

B.committedto

C.convincedof

D.confrontedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项betrappedin表示“被困在;陷入困境”;B选项becommittedto表示“致力于;委身于”;C选项beconvincedof表示“确信;认识到”;D选项beconfrontedwith表示“面临,面对”。根据youshouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime可知,虽然致力于工作是好的,但你不应该让工作占据所有的休闲时间。因此,B选项最符合句意,故本题正确答案为B。

14.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Theairwebreatheissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetwithoutitwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,thesameairisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryoneneedsit.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhiletheysitaroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.Othersbreatheintheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomakeamagnificentlifeforthemselves.

Opportunityisthesameway.Itiseverywhere.Opportunityissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.Opportunitymustbeseizedandacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity’’,asiftheopportunitywilldoallthework.That’simpossible.Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathinginthefreshairofopportunity,however.Youmustmakeuseofthatopportunity.That’snotuptotheopportunity.That’suptoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison.Whatmattersiswhatyoudowithit.

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

如果失败了你会怎么做?很多人可能会选择放弃。然而,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。在通往成功的路上,你必须坚持你的方向。它就像一盏灯,在黑暗中为你指路,帮助你度过难关。否则,你很容易就会迷失方向或犹豫不前。方向意味着目标,人生如果没有目标,将一事无成。你可以试着把你的目标写在纸上,并制定实现目标的计划。这样,你就会懂得如何合理安排时间,如何正确地支配时间。而且你还要有这样的信念:只要你一直坚持自己的方向,你就一定可以成功。

【答案】A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【参考译文】

我们所呼吸的空气触手可及,以至于我们将其视为理所当然。然而,倘若没有空气,我们只能存活几分钟。大多数情况下,每个人都能呼吸到同样的空气,也都需要空气。有的人一边坐着自怨自艾,一边又呼吸空气来维持生命。另一些人却呼吸空气,并利用空气提供的能量为自己创造美好的生活。

机遇也是如此。它无处不在。机遇是如此唾手可得,以至于我们将其当作理所当然。然而,只有机遇不足以创造成功。为了让机遇有价值,必须抓住机遇并采取行动。很多人都急于抓住“先机”,好像抓住机遇就会一劳永逸,这是不可能的。正如你需要空气来呼吸一样,你也需要获得成功的机遇。然而,成功不仅仅是呼吸到机遇的新鲜空气。你必须利用所获得的机遇。对机遇的利用不取决于机遇,而取决于你。机遇处于什么“阶段”不重要,最重要的是你如何利用它。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【参考译文】

Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.However,thereliablewaytosuccessistoadheretoyourdirectionandgoal.Onthewaytosuccess,youmustkeepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessandhelpingyoupullthough.Otherwise,youwilleasilygetlostorhangback.Directionmeansgoals.Nothingcanbedonewithoutagoalinyourlife.Youcantrytowritedownyourgoalsandmakesomeplanstoachievethem.Inthisway,youwillknowhowtoarrangeanduseyourtimeproperly.Furthermore,youshouldhaveabeliefthatyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.

15.单选题

Generally,promptcoolingandproperrefrigerationoffoodscanhold(

)bacteriainfoodstoasafelevel.

问题1选项

A.anumberof

B.thenumberof

C.anamountof

D.aquantityof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一般来说,迅速冷却并经过适当的冷藏,食物中的细菌量会被控制在安全范围内。

考查短语辨析。anumberof若干,许多;thenumberof…的数量;anamountof总量”通常与不可数、无生命的名词连用;aquantityof一些。故B符合句意。

16.单选题

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,()gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

问题1选项

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词。glad为形容词,表示“高兴的,乐意的”,需与be动词搭配,故排除C、D选项。studentsandteachersalike为插入语,是对主语everybody的解释说明,不影响谓语动词的选择,因此谓语动词应选用is,故本题正确答案为B选项。

17.单选题

Inorderto()therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.

问题1选项

A.addupto

B.lookupto

C.cutshort

D.keepupwith

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项addupto“合计达...,总共达...”;B选项lookupto“尊敬”;C选项cutshort“缩短,缩减”;D选项keepupwith“跟上,赶上”。句意:为了跟上不断上涨的生产成本,订阅费已经提高了。选项D符合语境。

18.单选题

Itiswellknownthatteenageboystendtodobetter(1)maththangirls,thatmalehighschoolstudentsaremorelikelythantheirfemalecounterparts

(2)advancedmathcourseslikecalculus,thatvirtuallyallthegreatmathematicians

(3)

men.Arewomenbornwith(4)mathematicalability?Ordoessociety’ssexismslowtheirprogress?In1980,twoJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearcherstried

(5)theeternalnature/nurturedebate.JulianStanleyandCamillaBenbow

(6)10,000talentedseventhandeighthgradersbetween1972and1979.UsingtheScholasticAptitudeTest,inwhichmathquestionsaremeanttomeasureabilityratherthanknowledge,theydiscovered

(7)sexdifferences.(8)

theverbalabilitiesofthemalesandfemales

(9)differed,twiceasmanyboysasgirlsscoredover500(onascaleof200to800)onmathematicalability;atthe700level,theratiowas14to1.Theconclusion:maleshave

(10

)superiormathematicalreasoningability.

BenbowandStanley’sfindings,(11)werepublishedin“Science”,disturbedsomemenand(12)women.NowthereiscomfortforthosepeopleinanewstudyfromtheUniversityofChicagothatsuggestsmath

(13)not,afterall,anaturalmaledomain.Prof.ZalmanUsiskinstudied1,366tenthgraders.Theywereselectedfromgeometryclassesandtestedontheirabilitytosolvegeometryproofs,asubjectrequiring(

14)—abstractreasoningandspatialability.Theconclusion(15)byUsiskin:therearenosexdifferencesinmathability.

问题1选项

A.at

B.top

C.of

D.about

问题2选项

A.intackling

B.tackling

C.totackle

D.abouttackling

问题3选项

A.mightbe

B.havebeen

C.mustbe

D.hadbeen

问题4选项

A.smaller

B.less

C.fewer

D.notmore

问题5选项

A.tosettle

B.toset

C.settling

D.setting.

问题6选项

A.weretested

B.havetested

C.weretesting

D.hadtested

问题7选项

A.distinct

B.instinct

C.remotes

D.vague

问题8选项

A.Since

B.However

C.As

D.While

问题9选项

A.scarcelynot

B.virtually

C.largely

D.hardly.

问题10选项

A.superficially

B.universally

C.inherently

D.initially,

问题11选项

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.all

问题12选项

A.few

B.notafew

C.notfew

D.quitefew

问题13选项

A.be

B.were

C.was

D.is

问题14选项

A.noneof

B.neitherof

C.either

D.both

问题15选项

A.got

B.gained

C.reached

D.accomplished

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。dobetterat...在……方面做得更好。

2.考查固定搭配。belikelytodosth.可能做某事,故选C。

3.语法题。考查时态。空格所在句意为:伟大的数学家几乎…都是男性,这里强调从过去到现在一直存在的事实,因此用现在完成时。

4.语义题。smaller更小的,一般指尺寸、数量等;less和fewer都可以表示更少的,较少的但less修饰不可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词;notmore不多。由关键词ability可知B正确。

5.考查固定搭配。trytodosth.努力做某事。此处动词settle与debate搭配表示“解决争端”。

6.语法题。考查时态。根据关键词between1972and1979可知,此处需耍用过去完成吋态。

7.考查形容词辨析。distinct明显的;instinct本能,天性;remote偏远的,偏僻的;vague模糊的。此处句意为:他们发现不同的性别之间有很大的不同,故选A。

8.考查逻辑关系。逗号前后两个分句之间是对比关系,因此引导词用while。

9.考查副词辨析。scarcely几乎不,一般没有scarcelynot连用的情况;virtually事实上,几乎;largely主要地,在很大程度上;hardly几乎不。前后分句为对比关系。故选D。

10.考查副词辨析。superficially表面地;universally普遍地;inherently固有地,内在地;initially最初。这里想表达“相比女性,男性在数学方面有内在优势”,故选C。

11.语法题。考查从句的引导词。“(

)werepublishedin‘Science’”这部分为非限制性定语从句修饰BenbowandStanley’sfindings,C项which能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。

12.语义题。few很少的;notafew不少,相当多;没有nowfew和quitefew的用法。此处句意为:这一研究结果让一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故选B。

13.语法题。考查时态和主谓一致。此处需填入系动词,此处主语是math,故排除A和B。根据提示词now可知,D正确。

14.考查固定搭配。both...and...不但…而且…。

15.考查固定搭配。reachaconclusion得出结论。

19.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal(

)forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常,一个学生花在住房上的费用应控制在可支配生活费总额的五分之一以内。

考查形容词辨析。acceptable可接受的,令人满意的;available可获得的,可购得的,有空的;advisable明智的,可取的;applicable适用的,可实施的。故B符合句意。

20.单选题

Ifanyofthesesymptoms(

)whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

问题1选项

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。establish“建立;创立”;represent“代表;表现”;perform“表演;执行:完成”;occur“发生”。句意:如果用药期间出现上述症状,请立刻咨询医生。选项D符合题意。

21.单选题

Whilebeingquestionedonthecourt,themandenied(

)theoldlady’snecklace.

问题1选项

A.havingtaken

B.taking

C.tohavetaken

D.totake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:法庭传训他的吋候,他拒不承认拿了老太太的项链。

考查固定搭配。denydoingsth.否认做了某事。另外由于动作是发生在过去,因此需要用完成时态,故答案选A。

22.单选题

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,()thesamecompany.

问题1选项

A.muchworse

B.letalone

C.allelse

D.lesslikely

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项muchworse“更糟糕的是...”;B选项letalone“更不用说,听任,不打扰”;C选项allelse“其他所有”;D选项lesslikely“最不可能的”。句意:据报道,如今越来越少的工人希望自己的职业生涯都在同一领域工作,更不用说同一家公司了。选项B符合句意。

23.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldret

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