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垃圾词汇1:help

典型例句:I"llhelpyou.

替代语accomodateE.g:I"llendeavourtoaccomodateyou.

垃圾词汇2:helpful

典型例句:Sthishelpful(tosb)

替代语conduciveE.gSthisconducivetosb

鉴于考研作文多关于道德和品格塑造,再给出两个有用的短语:

time-honored时代赋予的

docredittoourforbears继承先辈的优秀传统

垃圾词汇3:show

典型例句:asitshowsinthepicture

替代语betray

垃圾词汇4:think

典型例句:ithink--------

替代语deem

垃圾词汇5:ugly

典型例句:xxxisugly

替代语hideous

垃圾词汇6:bytheway

典型例句:bytheway,....

替代语incidentally,....

垃圾词汇7:because

典型例句:xxxbecausexxx

替代语inthat/inasmuchasE.g:xxxbecausexxx

垃圾词汇8:consider

典型例句:Wemustconsiderxxx

替代语:allowforE.g:Wemustallowforxxx

垃圾词汇9:much

典型例句:therehasbeenamuchincreaseintheworldpopulation

替代语:therehasbeenadrasticincreaseinthe-----

垃圾词汇10:about

典型例句:itisabout250timesofthat

替代语itisapproximately---

垃圾词汇11:buy

替代语purchase

只要我们每天积累1-2个短语,1-2个月后,我们的作文水平一定会有质的飞跃.欢迎大家给出更好的替代语和更多的垃圾词汇.让我们共同进步!日常用语类lover情人(不是“爱人”)

busboy餐馆勤杂工(不是“公汽售票员”)

busybody爱管闲事的人(不是“大忙人”)

drygoods(美)纺织品;(英)谷物(不是“干货”)

heartman做心脏移植手术的人(不是“有心人”)

maddoctor精神病科医生(不是“发疯的医生”)

eleventhhour最后时刻(不是“十一点”)

blinddate(由第三者安排的)男女初次会面(并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”)

deadpresident美钞(上印有总统头像)(并非“死了的总统”)

personalremark人身攻击(不是“个人评论”)

sweetwater淡水(不是“糖水”)

confidenceman骗子(不是“信得过的人”)

criminallawyer刑事律师(不是“犯罪的律师”)

servicestation加油站

restroom厕所(不是“休息室”)

dressingroom化妆室(不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”)

sportinghouse妓院(不是“体育室”)

horsesense常识(不是“马的感觉”)

capitalidea好主意(不是“资本主义思想”)

familiartalk庸俗的交谈(不是“熟悉的谈话”)

blacktea红茶(不是“黑茶”)

blackart妖术(不是“黑色艺术”)

blackstranger完全陌生的人(不是“陌生的黑人”)

whitecoal(作动力来源用的)水

whiteman忠实可靠的人(不是“皮肤白的人”)

yellowbook黄皮书(法国政府报告书,以黄纸为封)(不是“黄色书籍”)

redtape官僚习气(不是“红色带子”)

greenhand新手(不是“绿手”)

bluestocking女学者、女才子(不是“蓝色长统袜”)

Chinapolicy对华政策(不是“中国政策”)

Chinesedragon麒麟(不是“中国龙”)

Americanbeauty红蔷薇(不是“美国美女”)

Englishdisease气管炎(不是“英国病”)

Indiansummer愉快宁静的晚年(不是“印度的夏日”)

Greekgift害人的礼品(不是“希腊礼物”)

Spanishathlete吹牛的人(不是“西班牙运动员”)

Frenchchalk滑石粉(不是“法国粉笔”)

2.成语类

pullone'sleg开玩笑(不是“拉后腿”)

inone'sbirthdaysuit赤身裸体(不是“穿着生日礼服”)

eatone'swords收回前言(不是“吃话”)

anappleoflove西红柿(不是“爱情之果”)

handwritingonthewall不祥之兆(不是“大字报”)

bringdownthehouse博得全场喝彩(不是“推倒房子”)

haveafit勃然大怒(不是“试穿”)

makeone'shairstandonend令人毛骨悚然—恐惧(不是“令人发指——气愤”)

betakenin受骗,上当(不是“被接纳”)

thinkagreatdealofoneself高看或看重自己(不是“为自己想得很多”)

pullupone'ssocks鼓起勇气(不是“提上袜子”)

havethehearttodo(用于否定句)忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”)

3.表达方式类

Youknowwhat?你知道吗?(不是你知道什么?)Contributedby"月"

Lookout!当心!(不是“向外看”)

Whatashame!多可惜!真遗憾!(不是“多可耻”)

Youdon'tsay!是吗!(不是“你别说”)

Youcansaythatagain!说得好!(不是“你可以再说一遍”)

Ihaven'tsleptbetter.我睡得好极了。(不是“我从未睡过好觉”)

Youcan'tbetoocarefulinyourwork.你工作越仔细越好。(不是“你工作不能太仔细”)

Ithasbeen4yearssinceIsmoked.我戒烟4年了。(不是“我抽烟4年了”)

Allhisfriendsdidnotturnup.他的朋友没全到。(不是“他的朋友全没到”)

Peoplewillbelongforgettingher.人们在很长时间内会记住她的。(不是“人们会永远忘记她”)

Hewasonlytoopleasedtoletthemgo.他很乐意让他们走。(不是“他太高兴了,不愿让他们走”)

Itcan'tbelessinteresting.它无聊极了。(不是“它不可能没有趣”)以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个,做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。1.表示原因

1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.

2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.

3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.

4)Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek.

5)Thereasonforthisisthat...

6)Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat...

例如:

Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Firstly,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.Secondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife.

注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.Therearethreereasonsforthis.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

2.表示好处

1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages.

2)Itdoesusalotofgood.

3)Itbenefitsusquitealot.

4)Itisbeneficialtous.

5)Itisofgreatbenefittous.

例如:

Booksarelikefriends.Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter,andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons.Therefore,readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous.

3.表示坏处

1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.

2)Itdoesusmuchharm.

3)Itisharmfultous.

例如:

However,everythingdividesintotwo.Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous.Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.

4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1)Itisimportant(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)forsb.todosth.

2)Wethinkitnecessarytodosth.

3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.

例如:

Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere,whetherinthegovernment,inschoolsorinbusiness.Soon,computerswillbefoundineveryhome,too.WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge.

5.表示措施

1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.

2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome(conquer)thedifficulties.

3)Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth.

4)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted(faced)with.

例如:

Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Therefore,wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit.

6.表示变化

1)Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears.

2)Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld’scommunications.

3)Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation.

例如:

Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein,andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins.

7.表示事实、现状

1)Wecannotignorethefactthat...

2)Noonecandenythefactthat...

3)Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...

4)Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin.

5)However,that’snotthecase.

例如:

Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution.Tosolvetheseproblems,wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollution.Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment.

8.表示比较

1)ComparedwithA,B...

2)IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.

3)Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem.

例如:

Comparedwithcars,bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable.Firstly,theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum.Secondly,theydonotcausethepollutionproblem.Lastbutnotleast,theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise.

9.表示数量

1)Ithasincreased(decreased)from...to...

2)Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased(decreased)to800,000.

3)TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15%comparedwiththatofJanuary.

例如:

Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard,theproportionofpeople’sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased.

再如:

Fromthegraphlistedabove,itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000.

10.表示看法

1)Peoplehave(take,adopt,assume)differentattitudestowardssth.

2)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.

3)Peopletakedifferentviewsof(on)thequestion.

4)Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...

例如:

Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess.

Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceofsuccessattheirrenewedendeavor.However,othersareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers.

再如:

Do“luckynumbersreallybringgoodluck?Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit.

注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一写作方法。

11.表示结论

1)Inshort,itcanbesaidthat...

2)Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows.

3)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthat...

例如:

Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthatexaminationisnecessary,however,itsmethodshouldbeimproved.

注:例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。

12.套语

1)It’swellknowntousthat...

2)Asisknowntous,...

3)Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout.

4)Fromthegraph(table,chart)listedabove,itcanbeseenthat...

5)Asaproverbsays,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

例如:

Asiswellknowntous,itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampus.

Thereasonforthisisobvious.Nowadays,thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly,andthecampusisnolongeran“ivorytower.Ascollegestudents,wemustgetintouchwiththeworldoutsidethecampus.Onlyinthiswaycanweadaptourselvestothesocietyquicklyafterwegraduate.

再如:

Doesitpaytobehonest?Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedaboutanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit.(一)掌握技巧:(1)注意篇章结构,合理布局开始部分(openingparagraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。

正文部分(Bodyparagraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。

结尾部分(concludingparagraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。

要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容.

(2)确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。

写主题句应注意以下几点:

①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点②提炼出一句具有概括性的话③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。

(二)巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性,就要学会正确使用连接词表示罗列增加

First,second,third,First,then/next,afterthat/next,finallyForonething…foranother…,On(the)onehand…ontheotherhand,Besides/what'smore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,Especially/Inparticular,表示时间顺序now,atpresent,recently,after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themomentformnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,meanwhile,till,not…until,before,after,when,while,asduring,表示解释说明now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreoverfurthermore,infact,actually表示转折关系but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,表示并列关系or,and,also,too,notonly…butalso,aswellas,both…and,either…or,neither…nor表示因果关系because,becauseof,since,nowthat,as,thanksto…,dueto…,therefore,asaresult(of),otherwise,so…that,such…that表示条件关系as(so)longas,onconditionthat,if,unless表示让步关系though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…,however,whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow(who,what,which,where,when,whom)表示举例forexample,forinstance,suchas…,take…forexample表示比较besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith(to)…justlike,justas,表示目的forthisreason,,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto,表示强调indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously,aboveall,表示概括归纳inaword,inshort,inbrief,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,asfarasIknow,Asweallknow,ashasbeenstated,asIhaveshown,finally,atlast,insummary,inconclusion。

(三)掌握常用句型:

1.inorderto

Heworkedveryhardinordertorealizehisdream.为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。

2.inorderthat

Sheworkedhardinorderthateverythingwouldbereadyby6o'clock……她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。

3.so…that

Theywereallsotiredthattheycoulddonothingbutyawn.他们太累了,除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。

4.such…that

Itwassuchacolddaythattherewasnobodyonthestreet.天气非常冷,以致于街上一个人都没有。

5.wouldratherdo…thando

Hewouldratherlistentoothersthantalkhimself.他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。

6.preferdoingtodoing

Heprefersmakingspeechesaftercarefulpreparation.他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。

7.prefertodo…ratherthando

Comparedwithwomen,menalwaysprefertosleepathomeratherthanspendsomuchtimeshopping.比起女人,男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。

8.notonly…butalso

Injustthreeyears,shehadnotonlyfinishedallthelessons,butalsoreceivedherdoctor'sdegree.在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程,而且还获得了博士学位。

9.either…or

YoucouldeitherbuyanMP3

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