2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号2

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Itdidnottakelongforthecentralbankto（）theirfears.

问题1选项

A.soothe

B.snub

C.smear

D.sanctify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。soothe“使平静，安慰，缓和”；snub“冷落，斥责”；smear“涂上，抹掉，诽谤”；sanctify“使神圣”。句意：银行并没有花费很长时间就缓解了人们的忧虑。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Heneverdoesanydisinterestedaction;he'salwaysonthe（）

.

问题1选项

A.make

B.move

C.rise

D.go

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。onthemake“急于求成，唯利是图”；onthemove“四处奔波”；ontherise“在增加”；onthego“忙个不停”。句意：他从来不会做任何无利可图的事情，他一直都是唯利是图。选项A符合题意。

3.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic.RemembertowriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEETII.

“MyViewsaboutAmbitionMakesaMan”

【答案】略

4.单选题

Ithadbeenanabominableafternoon,(

)ataboutSixO'clockinherfather'ssuddencollapseintosub-consciousness.

问题1选项

A.pitching

B.rising

C.soaring

D.culminating

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pitch“投掷”；rise“上升”；soar“猛增”；culminate“达到顶点”。句意：那是一个糟糕的下午，大约六点钟她的父亲突然陷入昏迷。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Iwouldhavecometoseeyouhaditbeenpossible,butI（）sobusythen.

问题1选项

A.hadbeen

B.was

C.were

D.wouldbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，主句用wouldhavedone，从句用一般过去式，选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Herknowledgeandexperiencewouldmakehera(n)（）assettotheteam.

问题1选项

A.worthless

B.priceless

C.valueless

D.inexpensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。worthless“不值钱的，无价值的”；priceless“无价的，极贵重的”；valueless“无价值的，微不足道的”；inexpensive“便宜的”。句意：她的学识和经验将成为团队无价的资产。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Hesawuniversityasacommunityofscholars,wherestudentswere（

）byteachersintoanappreciationofdifferentphilosophicalapproaches.

问题1选项

A.extracted

B.deducted

C.inducted

D.conducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。extracted“提取”；deducted“扣除，减去；演绎”；inducted“引导；感应”；conducted“管理，引导；表现”。induct和conduct都有“引导”的意思，但是前者有教授知识的意味，所以选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Toourgreatdelight,yesterdaywereceiveda（n）（）donationfromabenefactor.

问题1选项

A.handsome

B.awesome

C.miserly

D.prodigal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。handsome“英俊的，大方的”；awesome“令人敬畏的，可怕的；极好的”；miserly“吝啬的，贪婪的”；prodigal“挥霍的，十分慷慨的”。句意：令我们高兴的是，昨天我们收到了一位捐助者大量的捐助物。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe（）waythestorewasorganized.

问题1选项

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。logical“有逻辑的”；haphazard“偶然的；随意的”；orderly“有秩序的”；tidy“整洁的”。句意：找到这个工作所需要的零件很难，因为商店摆放的方式很随意。选项B符合题意。

10.填空题

NowwhenIhadmasteredthelanguageofthiswater,andhadcometoknoweverytriflingfeaturesthatborderedthegreatriverasfamiliarlyasIknewthelettersofthealphabet,Ihadmadeavaluableacquisition.ButIhadlostsomethingtoo.Ihadlostsomethingwhichcouldneverbe（1）tomewhileIlived.Allthegrace,thebeauty,thepoetryhadgoneoutofthemajesticriver!Istillkeepin（2）acertainwonderfulsunsetwhichIwitnessedwhensteam-boatingwasnewtome.Abroadexpanseoftheriverwasturnedtoblood;inthemiddledistancetheredhuebrightenedintogold,（3）whichasolitarylogcamefloatingblackandconspicuous,inoneplacealong,slantingmarklaysparkinguponthewater;in（4）thesurfacewasbrokenbyboiling,tumblingrings,thatwereasmany-tintedasanopal;（5）theruddyflushwasfaintest,wasasmoothspotthatwascoveredwithgracefulcirclesandradiatinglines,eversodelicatelytraced;theshore（6）ourleftwasdenselywoodedandthesombershadowthat（7）fromthisforestwasbrokeninoneplacebyalong,ruffledtrailthatshonelikesilver;andhigh（8）theforestwallaclean-stemmeddeadtreewavedasingleleafyboughthatglowedlikeaflameintheunobstructedsplendorthatwasflowingfromthesun.Thereweregracefulcurves,reflectedimages,softdistances;andoverthewholescene,（9）andnear,thedissolvinglightsdriftedsteadilyenriching（10）everypassingmomentwithnewmarvelsofcoloring.

【答案】1.restored

2.mind

3.through

4.another

5.where

6.on

7.fell

8.above

9.far

10.it

【解析】1.考查上下文理解。句意：我失去了一些在有生之年永远不会再得到的东西。所以空格处应该填写restored。

2.考查前后逻辑和固定搭配。根据句意可知是作者仍然记得落日的美，keepinmind“记住”。

3.考查定语从句，形式为介词+which，根据前后文，空格处应该填through。

4.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在的前一句出现了inoneplace，可知空格处应该是提到另一个地方，所以填another。

5.考查主语从句。空格处需要填写一个词来引导主语从句，where符合题意。

6.考查介词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“我们左边的河岸”。onourleft“在我们左边”。

7.考查动词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“树林里投下来的影子”。fall“落下，掉下”符合题意。此处采用的是过去时态，所以填fell。

8.考查介词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“在高高的林墙上面”。above”在……上方”。

9.考查固定搭配。farandnear“到处”。

10.考查代词的用法。空格处所在的句子说的是“落日的余晖正在慢慢消逝，向大地展现神奇的光芒。”此处填it。

11.单选题

（）Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.

问题1选项

A.Evenif

B.Had

C.Aslongas

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。evenif“即使”；had在这里是表示动词时态的助词；aslongas“只要”；if“（表示条件）如果”。句意：如果我意识到了后果，我绝对不会让自己卷进来。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Wehadtotakethefrontdooroffits(

)

togetthisdeskintothehouse.

问题1选项

A.joints

B.hinges

C.boards

D.axles

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。joint“连接处，关节”；hinge“合页”；board“木板”；axles“轴”。句意：我们得把前门卸下来，以便把桌子搬进屋子里。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Employeesknewfromthevery（）thattheirjobswouldfinishthisyear.

问题1选项

A.upshot

B.outbreak

C.outcome

D.outset

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似词词义辨析。upshot“结局，结果”；outbreak“（战争的）爆发”；outcome“结果，结局”；outset“开始，开端”。句意：员工从开始就知道他们的工作今年就会结束。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied,“I’mgoingtowalkwhereIlike.We’vegotlibertynow.”Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse’swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere.Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.

Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty—drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,thelibertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,butofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyourlibertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnevercrossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.

Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocialcontract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),orwearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman’spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxtoWordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.

InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone’sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywestepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople’sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreetstheneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.

Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuchmoreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,anddeclarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney.

1.Theauthormighthavestatedhis“ruleoftheroad”as（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinParagraph1is（）.

3.Asituationanalogoustothe“insolenceofoffice”describedinParagraph2wouldbe（）.

4.Theauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesin（）.

5.Inthesentence“Weareallliable...”theauthoris（）.

问题1选项

A.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad

B.followtheordersofpolicemen

C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic

D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate

问题2选项

A.condescending

B.intolerant

C.objective

D.supportive

问题3选项

A.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors

B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle

C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts

D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier

问题4选项

A.allmattersofdressandfood

B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers

C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw

D.hisownhome

问题5选项

A.pointingoutageneralweakness

B.emphasizinghismainpoint

C.counteringageneralmisconception

D.suggestingaremedy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:ruleoftheroad出现在文章的第二段第一句话的后半句，作者在第一段中举了老太太不走人行道过马路这个例子来说明当时的社会风气。作者的观点是要懂得在公共场合体谅他人。选项C符合题意。

第2题:作者对老太太过马路不遵守交通规则持反对态度，认为她只顾自己的绝对自由而不管他人，所以选项B符合题意。

第3题:insolenceofoffice指的是前面提到的警察指挥交通，这种行为看似侵害到了个人自由，选项C“税务检察院检查某人的账目”与之相似，选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第三段第二句话inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse’sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike提到绝对自由的前提是不要妨碍他人的自由，所以选项B符合题意。

第5题:句子位于文章最后一段第一句话，这个句子中的this指代上文提到的不应该妨碍他人的自由，人们很容易忘记这一点，人们容易看到别人的缺陷。作者指出人们都有这个缺点，选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

IthinkI’dliketostayhomethisevening（

）goingoutasitisrainingtooheavily.

问题1选项

A.betterthan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.soonerthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。betterthan“超过，多于，好于”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；ratherthan“而不是；宁可……也不愿”；soonerthan“早于”。句意：我今晚想待在家里，而不是出去，因为外面下大雨。选项C符合题意。

16.填空题

Aconsiderableamountofmedicalresearchisaimedatidentifyingriskfactorsfordisease.Therationalebehindthisworkisthatwherepeopleareinformedoftheirrisk,theywillhappilychangetheirbehaviortolowerthatrisk.（1）thisiscertainlyareasonableassumption,itturnsoutthatthingsarenotquitethatsimpleandstraightforward.Firstofall,healthisnotnecessarilyatoppriorityineveryone’slifeand,forthesepeople,changingbehaviorintheinterestsofhealthmayinterfere（2）other,moreimportantmatters.Second,thebenefitstobederived（3）suchchangesrarelyareimmediateorobvious.Usually,improvementsinhealthtakeplaceoverlongperiodsoftimeandarequitesubtle.（4）,weareallsobombardedwithinformationaboutthethousandsofhealthhazardstowhichweareexposed（5）mostofus“tuneout”muchofthisinformation.Thislatterissueiscompoundedbythefactthatmuchofnewinformationtowhichweareexposedthroughthemediaisexaggeratedand,asoftenasnot,iscontradictedlaterbyeven“newer”information.Fortheseandotherreasons,simplyknowingaboutariskdoesnotnecessarilyensurethatpeoplewilltakeappropriatestepsto（6）it.（7）whenpeoplewanttochangetheirbehavior,thisisnoteasytodo.Forexample,theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmokersinthiscountrywanttoquit,but（8）greateffortveryfewareabletodoso.Mostsmokersacknowledge,atsomelevel,thathealthhazardsassociatedwithsmokingandmostwishthattherewereasimpleandpainlesswaytostop.（9）thenumberofpeoplewhowanttoloseweightisverylarge,butfewofthesepeopleareabletodoitandeven（10）areabletomaintainsuchweightlosses.

【答案】1.Although

2.with

3.from

4.meanwhile

5.to

6.change

7.even

8.make

9.and

10.none

【解析】1.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所处的句子后半句跟前半句有转折关系，所以应该填入转折连词。

2.考查固定搭配。interfere“（利害、要求等）抵触，冲突”，常与with连用。

3.考查固定搭配。bederivedfrom是固定搭配，意思是“来自，从……而产生出来的”。

4.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子和前面的句子是并列关系，填入的词与后面用逗号隔开，meanwhile符合题意。

5.考查固定搭配。beexposedto是固定搭配，意思是“暴露”。

6.考查上下文语境。空格后面的it指的是“behavior”，文章第二句、第四句都提到了changebehavior，所以空格处应该填change。

7.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子与后半句thisisnoteasytodo构成让步假设，所以even（即使）符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。makeeffort“做出努力”。

9.考查前后逻辑关系。空格所在的句子举了减肥的例子佐证作者的观点，与前面的句子是并列的关系。所以and符合题意。

10.考查上下文语义。句意：很多人想减肥，但是只有少数人能做到，甚至没有人能够坚持减肥。空格所处的句子需要一个主语，所以none符合题意。

17.单选题

Everytimeanoldbuildingistomdowninthiscountry,andanewbuildinggoesup,thegroundfloorbecomesabank.

Thereasonforthisisthatbanksaretheonlyoneswhocanaffordtherentforthegroundfloorofthenewbuildingsgoingup.Besides,whenbankloanssomeonemoneytobuildanewbuilding,itusuallytakesanoptionforthestreet-floorfacilities.

Mostpeopledon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththisandtheyacceptitaspartoftheAmericanfree-enterprisesystem.ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl.

ThisishowHuddlestoneHubbard,theBBC’schairman,explainedit.

“Wheneveryouseeanoldbuildingtomdown，”Hubbardsaid,“youusuallyseeacandystore,adrycleaner,adelicatessen,andpossiblyafloristtomdownwithit.Theseshopsareallreplacedinthenewbuildingswithabeautifulglass,aluminum,wall-towall-carpetedmoneyfactor.”

“Nowfromanaestheticviewpoint,abanklooksbetterthanafrycleaner,acandystore,adelicatessenandaflorist.Butfromapracticalpointofview,it’sasheerdisaster.Ifyouwantanewspaper,acandybarorachocolatemilkshake,youcan’tgetitabank.NorcanyourunouttoabankforapoundofSwisscheeseandasix-packofbeerwhenhaveguestscomingover.

“Abankisgreatifyouwanttobuyacar,butit’suselessifyouwanttohaveyourdresscleaned.”

“Andwhileabankmightbuyflowerstogiveitselfahumanimage,itdoesn’tsellanywhenyouwanttomakeupwithyourwife.”

“Whatyou’resayingthen,Mr.Hubbard,isthateverytimeabankgoesup,somethinginallofusdies.”

“Exactly.Oneofthereasonskidsaregettinginsomuchtroublethesedaysisthattherearecandystorestohangaroundanymore.Whenteardownadelicatessen,thetangysmellofpotatosalad,cornedbeefanddillpicklesarelostforever.Unlessyou’retryingtomakealoan,nooneeversalivatesinabank.”

“Itistrue,”Isaid.

“Thesituationismorecrucialthananyonethinks,”Hubbardsaid,“attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry.Whatgoodisittoget7percentonyourmoneyifyoustarvetodeath?”

“Thenwhatyou’resayingisthatitisn’taquestionofnottakingitwithyou.It’squestionofstayingalivewhileyouhaveit，”Isaid.

“Somethinglikethat，”Hubbardagreed.“We’retryingtogetthepublictowakeuptoafactthatit’sbettertohaveastorethatsellsscrewdriversthanabankthatgivesawayalarmclocks.”

“What’sthesolution?”

“Agovernmentdecreethatabankhastosupplythesameservicesofthestoresittoredownonthesameproperty.Ifit’sabakery,theyhavetosellcake,ifit’saphotographyshop,theyhavetodevelopfilms,andifit’sadry-goodsstore,theyhavetosellwarmunderwear.Iftheyprovidetheservicesofthestorestheytoredown,thenwe’llletthemdoalittlemoneylendingontheside.”

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis（）

2.Thisessayiswritteninatoneof（）.

3.Theauthortalksaboutthe“BankBirthControl”groupbecause（）.

4.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsmallneighborhoodstoresisthatthey（）.

5.Theauthormakeshispointbyusing（）.

问题1选项

A.Practicallyeverynewcommercialbuildingerectedtodayisownedbyabank.

B.Banksareattemptingtodrivesmallmerchantsoutofservice.

C.Newbanksarenotassetstoaneighborhoodinspiteoftheirattractiveappearance.

D.Byoccupyinggroundfloorspaceinnewbuildings,banksarereplacingneighborhoodshoppingconveniences.

问题2选项

A.humorousexaggeration

B.humorousunderstatement

C.seriousanger

D.seriousfearofthefuture

问题3选项

A.itisthenameofarealgroup

B.hehopestobecomeitspresident

C.heisbeinghumoroustomakehispoint

D.heisinfavorofallkindsofbirthcontrol

问题4选项

A.aredirty

B.areconvenientandcolorful

C.shouldbereplacedbybanks

D.shouldbecomesupermarkets

问题5选项

A.satire

B.drama

C.romance

D.poetry

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章第一段是本文的中心段落，当旧的建筑物被拆除，新的建筑物新建后，一楼都变成了银行，很多商店比如糖果店、干洗店、熟食店、花店等都被新建筑取代了。选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章主要提到了HuddlestoneHubbard的观点，多处以幽默的方式陈述自己的观点，但是并没有夸张的成分，所以选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第三段ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl提到但仍有一小部分人为了控制银行的产生而奋斗。这里作者用group来形容这一群人，实际上是以一种幽默的方式来表明这一部分人的人数之少。选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章从第8段到第10段主要讲述其他商店能够给人们带来的便利而银行不可以。作者在第11段给了自己的观点:“It’strue”。说明作者认同上一段的观点，即小社区商店方便又丰富多彩。选项B符合题意。

第5题:作者采用幽默讽刺的手法表达自己的观点。比如第12段提到attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry“以他们现在拆商店然后用银行代替的速度来看，估计十年后在这个国家很难找到一片面包”。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Idon’tknowhowtogetthereeither—perhapswe，dbetter（

）amap.

问题1选项

A.note

B.mark

C.consult

D.draft

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。note“做笔记”；mark“做标记”；consult“咨询”；draft“做草图”。句意：我也不知道怎么去那里，也许我们最好在地图上标记一下。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Wearetoldthatthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogramme,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtosomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirownlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnonotethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarryandwhichmay,conceivablygotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesareresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobserve—fleetingly—individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,issufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesire,tokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.TheorgansoftheEstablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandWhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathatthenwillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquirydonotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiriesmightreallyhurt,Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptions.Ofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestiontheseclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogrammersgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

Theresultcanbeseeninahundredradioandtelevisionprogrammersasplainlyasinthenormaltreatmentofpublicissuesinthepopularpress.Differentlevelsofbackgroundinthereadersorviewersmaybeassumed,butwhatusuallytakesplaceisasubstitutefortheprocessofarrivingatjudgment.Programmerssuchasthisarenoteworthylessforthe'stimulation'theyofferthanforthefactthatthatstimulation(repeatedatregularintervals)maybecomeasubstitutefor,andsoahindranceto,judgmentscarefullyarrivedatandtestedinthemindandonthepulses.Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything.

1.TheauthorholdsthattheEstablishmentshouldtryto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmasscommunicationsdealwithintellectualmatters,theyshould（）.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraljusttoshow（）.

4.Theword“fleetingly”inParagraph1means（）.

5.Inthepassagetheauthorcriticizesthemassmediafor（）.

问题1选项

A.doagoodservicetosociety

B.altertheformofpublicinstitutions

C.maintainitspositioninsociety

D.kindlestrongemotionsinthepublic

问题2选项

A.lookonthemasadomesticpastime

B.regardthemasmostpressingmatters

C.thinkofthemascontroversialmatters

D.considerthemtobeofonlydomesticinterest

问题3选项

A.sometimespayingcloseattentiontodetailsisextremelyimportant

B.greatworksofartusuallyneedgoodandsolidfoundations

C.theancientsocietyhaddifferentbeliefs

D.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialsonly

问题4选项

A.attentively

B.transiently

C.Sentimentally

D.strictly

问题5选项

A.theirwideningthegapbetweenreadersorviewers

B.theirfailingtoreachanydefiniteconclusionsoverwhattheyreport

C.theirsettingtoointellectualastandard

D.theircateringforasmallnumberofaudiences

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章第二段提到无论这些组织的初衷有多么美好，也不管它们的形式是什么样的，比如国家、教会、社团、政党等等，都只会为了平衡各方的利益而屈从于现状，所以作者认为应该努力改变公共机构的形式，选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段最后一句话Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything提到大众传媒让知识事宜失去本来的活力，让它们坐在壁炉旁，有序却无用，就像一场家庭游戏。由此可以看出，大众传媒在处理知识相关的事情时，把它看作一场娱乐。选项A符合题意。

第3题:从文章第一段最后三句提到通过练石场的大量石头，人们可以想象出这些石头极有可能被用来建教堂。大众传媒不能建大教堂，而且它们展示石头的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用对比手法的目的只是为了说明要想得到某些有价值的结果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:attentively“聚精会神地”；transiently“短暂的”；sentimentally“多情地”；strictly“严格地”。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大众媒体不能对所报道的内容给出绝对真实的评论，所以选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

Psychoanalyststendtoregardboth（）andmasochismasarisingfromchildhooddeprivation.

问题1选项

A.attachment

B.distinction

C.ingenuity

D.sadism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。attachment“附属（物）；依恋”；distinction“区别，分清”；ingenuity“独创性，精巧，灵活性”；sadism“虐待狂，病态的残忍”。句意：心理分析师倾向于将虐待狂和受虐狂看成是童年剥夺的结果。选项D符合题意。

21.单选题

Inthemovieheplaysalovingand（）fathertryingtobringuptwoteenagechildrenonhisown.

问题1选项

A.sensitive

B.senseless

C.sensual

D.sensuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，无知的”；sensual“感觉的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感觉上的，感官的”。句意：在电影中他扮演了一个有爱而又敏感的父亲，他要独自一人抚养两个孩子。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

问题1选项

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vengeful“复仇的，报复的”；invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我们惊讶地发现他有报复心理，他记着那些做了对不起他的事的人。选项A符合题意。

23.单选题

Thegovernmentistryingto（

）thepeopleintothinkingthatawarisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.enlighten

B.involve

C.orient

D.brainwash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。brainwash…into“把思想强行灌输给……，强迫……相信”。句意：政府正试图给人洗脑让人们相信战争是必要的。选项D符合题意。

24.单选题

Iknowofnootherqualitiesthanthinkingwhichmakesfortheperfectionofthemind（）italonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts.

问题1选项

A.incase

B.providingthat

C.forallthat

D.inasmuchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incase“以防”；providingthat“假如”；forallthat“尽管”；inasmuchas“因为”。句意：我想没有比思考更能完善人的思想的了，因为它让我们成为人类，与其他动物区分开来。选项D符合题意。

25.单选题

SnowbegantofallataboutthebeginningoftheNewYearandcontinuedonandofffor（）tendays.

问题1选项

A.appropriately

B.exceedingly

C.approximately

D.apprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。appropriately“适当地，合适地”；exceedingly“极其，非常”；approximately“大约，近似地”；apprehensively“担心地”。句意：在新年即将开始的时候，雪开始下，一直持续了大约十天。选项C符合题意。

26.单选题

Afewminutesago,walkingbackfromlunch,IstartedtocrossthestreetwhenIheardthesoundofacoindropping.Itwasn’tmuchbutasIturned,myeyescaughttheheadsofseveralotherpeopleturningtoo.Awomanhaddroppedwhatappearedtobeadime.

Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter.Itcanbenothingmorethanapenny.Whateverthecoinis,nooneignoresthesoundofit.Itgotmethinkingaboutsoundsagain.

Wearebesiegedbysomanysoundsthatattractthemostattention.PeopleinNewYorkCity,seldomturntolookwhenafireengine,apolicecaroranambulancecomesscreamingalongthestreet.WhenIaminNewYork,I’maNewYorker.Idon’tturneither.Likethenatives,Ihardlyhearasirenthere.AthomeinmylittletowninConnecticut.It’sdifferent.Thedistantwailofapolicecar,andemergencyvehicleorafiresirenbringsmetomyfeetifI’mseatedandbringsmetothewindowifI’minbed.It’sthequietestsoundsthathavemosteffectonus,nottheloudest.Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors.I’vebeenhearinglittlecreakingnoiseandsoundswhichimaginationturnsintofootstepsinthemiddleofthenightfortwenty-fiveyearsinourhouse.HowcomeIneverhearthosesoundsinthedaytime?I’mquiteclearinmymind