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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Robertsisanotedchemist().
问题1选项
A.aswellasaneffectiveteacher
B.andtooaveryefficientteacher
C.butheteachesverygoodinaddition
D.howeverheteachesverygoodalso
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。A选项aswellas“和……一样,不但……而且”,连接两个句子或者短语,例句:Thegirlislivelyaswellashealthy.(这女孩既健康又漂亮。),所以A选项正确;B选项and和too不连用,应该改为andaveryefficientteachertoo才正确;C选项but“但是”,表示转折,罗伯特是一个著名的化学家和很好的老师应该是并列关系,而不是转折,所以C选项排除,同理D选项however“然而”,也是表示转折,故排除。句意:罗伯特是一位著名的化学家,也是一位卓有成效的老师。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。
2.单选题
Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof()educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.
问题1选项
A.constrained
B.compulsory
C.cardinal
D.conventional
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫的,过于受约束的”,例如:aconstrainedconfession(逼供、被迫招供),constrainedemotions(受压抑的感情);B选项compulsory“义务的,必修的”,例如:compulsorymeasures(强迫手段),compulsoryservicesystem(义务兵役制);C选项cardinal“主要的,基本的”,例句:RespectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofEnglishlaw.(尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则);D选项conventional“传统的,惯例的”,例句:Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.(主席说了几句客套话。)。句意:为了提高平均教育水平,许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。由选项意思和句意可知,B选项符合句意。
3.单选题
Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper()closely.
问题1选项
A.followed
B.follows
C.following
D.tofollow
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下,分词作状语时,应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系),否则分词就须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语,来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构,用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。由此可见,C选项正确。copperfollowingitclosely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。(独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语,或名词性短语,或形容词性短语,或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver,但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如:Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介词短语inhand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he,所以bookinhand为独立主格结构。)句意:银是最好的导体,铜与之非常接近。综上所述,本题的正确答案是C选项。
4.单选题
Hecarriedtheparcelhomehimself,buthe()so,theshopcouldhavesentit.
问题1选项
A.didnotneedtodo
B.needn’thavedone
C.mustnothavedone
D.couldn’thavedone
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项didnotneedtodo“(过去)没必要/不需要做这事”,B选项needn'thavedone,need情态动词就完成时表示“本来无必要做这事(却做了)”,C选项mustnothavedone“禁止这样做”;mustnot表示禁止,语气强硬,一般情况下后面不跟动词的完成时态,D选项couldn’thavedone“不能做这事(但做了),”句意:他自己把包裹带回家,但他_______,商店可以把包裹寄给他。句子表达的意思是商店可以把包裹寄给他,所以他过去没必要自己搬回包裹,表示过去没必要做,但是做了的事情,所以本题的正确答案是B选项。
5.单选题
Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.
Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.
Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.
1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout().
2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations().
3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered().
4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation().
5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe().
问题1选项
A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences
B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals
C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole
D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue
问题2选项
A.intheauthor’sopinion
B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics
C.forautilitarian
D.formostenvironmentalists
问题3选项
A.positive
B.negative
C.complex
D.reasonable
问题4选项
A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible
B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible
C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture
D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons
问题5选项
A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics
B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations
C.EnvironmentalEthics
D.Environmentalissues
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:C
【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干:第一段主要是关于_______。A选项“人类经历的内在价值”,B选项“非人类动物经历的内在价值”,C选项“生态系统作为一个整体的内在价值”,D选项“一个关于内在价值本质的古老伦理问题”,前三个选项在第一段中都有提到,但并不是主要问题的所在,而第四个选项,在第二句话中就点了出来,前三个选项是第四个选项的展开说明,故D是正确答案。
2.推理判断题。题干:我们不欠后代任何东西________。根据关键词“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句话Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.(从伦理学的社会契约观点或道德自我主义者的角度来看,答案似乎是:什么都不亏欠。),可知,B选项“伦理学的社会契约观点”,是正确的。文章并没有提及作者个人观点,所以A选项“在作者的观点看来”排除。从文章第二段第五句话Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.(然而,其他大多数伦理理论确实考虑到了后代的利益。举例来说,功利主义者不会认为,后代成员还不存在这一事实,是我们对后代利益的考虑少于我们对自己利益考虑的任何理由。),所以C选项“功利主义者”排除。环境保护主义者也认为,我们应该为后代考虑,所以D选线项“环境保护主义者”排除。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。
3.事实细节题。题干:我们采取的人口政策被认为是_______。根据关键词“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段,第一句话明确指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however(然而,问题会变得越来越复杂),所以本题的正确答案是C选项。
4.细节推理题。题干:根据文章,最适宜的人口数量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合适的人口数量的问题。用两个问句提出对这一问题的两种可能的答案,即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口规模上,平均福利水平会尽可能高吗?或者是总福利的规模——平均乘以人口的数量——尽可能大?),并在结尾的最后一句话中指出,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.(这一问题仍是应用伦理学中最令人不解的谜之一。),其意就是仍有待于将来解决,所以C选项“这是一个只能留到将来解决哲学问题”是正确答案。A选项“最适宜的人口数量指平均福利水平尽可能高的人口规模”,B选项“最适宜的人口数量指福利总额最大的人口规模”,A,B选项都是文章提出的问题,未被证实,所以不正确,D选项“最适宜的人口数量是一个困难的哲学问题,德里克•帕菲特在《理性与人》中成功地解决了这个问题”德里克•帕菲特只是在书中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并没有解决,所以D选项不正确,综上所述,本题的正确答案是C选项。
5.主旨大意题。题干:最适合文章的标题应该是________。本文主要讨论的并不是环境问题,而是由环境问题而引出的道德问题,A选项“应用道德中的谜”是最后一段提到的,B选项是“我们对下一代的责任”是第二段提到的,二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想内容。所以本题的正确答案应该是C选项“环境伦理”。
6.单选题
TheUnitedNations()muchtoworldpeaceandorder.
问题1选项
A.hasattributed
B.haveattributed
C.hascontributed
D.havecontributed
【答案】C
【解析】考查词义辨析。attribute…to“把……归因”,contribute…to“对……作贡献”。
表示国家、地名等专用名词做主语时,后面谓语用单数形式,句意:联合国为世界和平与秩序做出了巨大贡献。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。
7.单选题
Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments()tohimbeforelunch.
问题1选项
A.besent
B.weresent
C.weretobesent
D.mustbesent
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示“建议,要求,命令”有关的单词+that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句谓语动词要虚拟语气,其形式是should+动词原形(should可以省略)。另外,文件和送达的关系应该是被动,所以要用到被动语态。句意:我的老板要求在午饭前把法律文件交给他。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。
8.单选题
Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe()us.Ithinkit’shightimewe()strongactionsagainsthim.
问题1选项
A.betrayed…take
B.hadbetrayed…took
C.hasbetrayed…took
D.hasbetrayed…take
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/second/third...、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候,后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如:ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread.(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。),因为thatwasnot句子是过去时,这里应该用过去完成时:hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time(是做……的时候了),后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形,表示虚拟语气,所以这里要用took。句意:这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了,是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。
9.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.
当科学家希望用一种声音说话时,他们往往会采用一种非常不科学的方式:共识报告。其理念是:将多个专家的知识浓缩为一种能够解决争议、帮助制定政策的单一看法,但是达成这种共识往往违背这些目标,并且会削弱其本欲凸显的权威。专家小组开始会提出许多有价值的原理和建议。然而,形成专家共识的讨论确实在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科学”上的相同之处。
【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.
10.写作题
WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout200wordsbasedonthetopic“DoesCollegeEducationPrepareStudentsWelltoMeltintoSociety”?Youaretowriteinthreeparts.
Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.
Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.
Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
【答案】
Normal
0
7.8磅
0
2
false
false
false
EN-US
ZH-CN
X-NONE
略
11.单选题
Thetoneofthearticle()thewriter’smoodatthetime.
问题1选项
A.reproduced
B.reflected
C.imagined
D.imitated
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制,繁殖”;B选项reflect“反射,反应”;C选项imagine“想象,猜想”;D选项imitate“模仿,仿制”。句意:这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知,B选项符合句意。
12.单选题
Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,()thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.
问题1选项
A.onoccasion
B.onpurpose
C.oncondition
D.onlyif
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或,有时”,例句:Ithas,onoccasion,createdtroubleforthebank.(有时,这给银行造成麻烦。);B选项onpurpose“故意”,例句:Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.(我特地来这里看你。);C选项oncondition“在……条件下,如果,倘若”,例句:Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。);D选项onlyif“只要,只有”。用于句首时,后面主句的主谓语要倒装,例如:Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.(只有得到老师的允许,学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句,表示“在……条件下”。句意:他向我借钱,我同意了,但条件是下周还钱。综上所述,本题的正确答案是C选项。
13.单选题
Jimhadto()allhisskill()todefeathistennisopponent.
问题1选项
A.call…intoplay
B.call...tomind
C.call…toattention
D.oaction
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项,没有oplay的搭配,B选项callsthtomind“想起,记起”;C选项,没有callsth.toattention的搭配,callattentiontosth.“提醒,唤起注意”D选项oaction“将某事付诸行动”。句意:吉姆不得不使出浑身解数来击败他的网球对手。由选项意思和句意可知,D选项符合句意。
14.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.
EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew£3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.
【答案】能源部长查尔斯•亨得利上周宣布,将钚转化为MOX(混合氧化物燃料)仍然在计划中,但是只有在能负担得起和有收益的情况下,才会建造一项新的30亿英磅(47亿美元)的工厂。尽管乍一看,这在财政上似乎是谨慎的,但与最近发生的其他事件相结合,就开始显得荒谬了。就在几周前,NDA(核退役管理局)回应了政府自己提出的考虑如何处理库存的请求,建议制造MOX的成本大于其作为燃料的价值。因此,最经济实惠的计划将是继续储存钚,直到有地质处理设施可以将其埋在地下为止。那么到底发生了什么?为了弄清这一切,《自然》透过英国核工业的镜子审视了这一切。
15.单选题
Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad()fromhismindbythetimehewas65.
问题1选项
A.faded
B.illustrated
C.confined
D.concerned
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fade“褪色,凋谢,逐渐消失”;B选项illustrate“阐明,举例说明”;C选项confine“限制,禁闭”;D选项concern“关系到,涉及”。句意:在他65岁时,童年的所有记忆都从他的脑海中消失了。由选项意思和句意可知,A选项符合句意。
16.单选题
DearSirs,
Yourshipmentoftwelvethousand“Smart”watcheswasreceivedbyourcompanythismorning.However,wewishtomakeanumberofcomplaintsconcerningtheseriousdelayindeliveryandyourfailuretocarryoutourspecificinstructionswithregardtothisorder.
Itwasstressedfromthebeginningthatthedeliverydatehadtobelessthansixweeksfromtheinitialorder,inordertomeetourowncustomers’requirements.Whileweunderstandthatdelaysinproductionareoccasionallyinevitable,wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.Latedeliveryofthegoodshascausedustodisappointseveralofourmostvaluedcustomers,andisboundtohaveanegativeeffectonpotentialfutureorders.
Thesecondcomplaintconcernsthedifferenceincolorbetweenthewatchesweorderedandthosedelivered.Itwasstatedclearlyintheoriginalorderthatwatchesincombinationsofgreen/purpleandorange/purpleonlywererequired.However,onlyhalfthewatchesinthedeliveryreceivedareofthecolorsspecified.OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.Anywatchesthatarenotofthespecifiedcolorswill,ofcourse,bereturnedtoyou.
Wearealsosomewhatconcernedabouttheratherpoorqualityofthegoodsreceived,sinceitisapparentthatthewatchesthatfinallyarrivedhavebeenproducedfrominferiormaterialsandhavebeenmanufacturedtoalowerstandardthanthoseinthesample.Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear,butweshouldliketopointoutthatwefeelthismattertobeentirelyyourresponsibility.
Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.
Welookforwardtoyourpromptreply.
Yourssincerely,
JohnSmith
1.Themanufacturersof“Smart”watchesweregiventheorderbecause().
2.Receivingwatchesinthewrongcolorsisaproblembecause().
3.“Thelatterproblem”inparagraph4refersto().
4.Thelastsentenceofparagraph5“Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedto...withyourcompany”suggeststhat().
5.Thepurposeofthisletteristo().
问题1选项
A.theyproducedthebestwatchesofitskindintheworld
B.theywatcheswouldbeeasytomakeandthedesignswerealreadyprepared
C.theypromisedtheycouldproduceenoughstocksquitequickly
D.theyclaimedtheorderwouldbeeasysincethewatcheswerealreadyinstock
问题2选项
A.theHongKongagentstressedtheneedtofulfilltheorderexactly
B.thesewatcheswillbedifficulttosell
C.thesewatcheswillnotbeabletogetintothelimitedmarket
D.peoplewillnotbuythewatchesatpresent
问题3选项
A.thepoorqualityofthegoods
B.theuseofinferiormaterials
C.thelowstandardofmanufacture
D.someofthewatchesnotworking
问题4选项
A.thecompanymaystoptradingwiththewatchmanufacturers
B.thecompanywillprobablyreducethenumberofwatchestobeorderedinthefuture
C.thewriterisafraidtheircompanymightgooutofbusinesssoon
D.thecompanyisprobablywillingtogivethemanufacturesanotherchance
问题5选项
A.askforpromptreply
B.blamethemanufacturersforlatedelivery
C.complainofsomeproblemsconcerningthewatches
D.threatentocanceltheorders
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:“智能”手表的制造商接到这个订单是因为_______。通过题干的内容定位到第二段wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.(我们必须指出,向贵公司订货的主要原因是贵公司向我们保证交货速度快,而贵公司现有库存充足,足以确保立即装运。),可知D选项“他们声称这个订单很容易,因为这些手表已经有库存了”符合题意。选项A“他们生产了世界上这种类型最好的手表”,B选项“这些手表制作起来很容易,设计也已经准备好了”,A,B选项内容文章并没有提及,所以不正确,C选项“他们承诺他们可以很快生产出足够的库存”,与文中快速交货的内容不符,排除C选项。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。
2.事实细节题。题干:收到颜色不对的手表是个问题,因为_______。通过题干关键词“color”定位到第三段OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.(我们的香港代理人向我们保证,她曾向你方强调,必须严格按照我们的指示行事,因为我们认为目前其他颜色的手表在该国市场有限。),说明这些手表在该国市场小,难卖出去,故B选项“这些手表很难卖出去”正确,A选项“香港代理强调需要准确的完成订单”,文章有提及,但是并不是需要收到准确颜色手表的原因,故排除,C选项“这些手表将无法进入有限的市场”,和文章表达的其他颜色的手表在该国市场有限有出入,所以不正确。D选项“人们现在不会买手表”,属于无中生有。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。
3.事实细节题。题干:文章第四段的“Thelatterproblem”指的是________。由题干可以定位到文章第四段Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear(我们还发现一些手表似乎不工作。目前尚不清楚后一种情况是由于生产质量差,运输过程中损坏,还是电池损坏造成的),所以这里的“Thelatterproblem”指的是手表似乎不工作,与D选项“有些手表似乎不工作”表达的意思一致,A选项“产品质量比较差”,B选项“使用劣质的材料”,C选项“生产标准低”,这三个选项都是收到产品的问题,但并不是latterproblem指代的内容。综上所述,本题的正确答案为D。
4.推理判断题。题干:文章第五段的最后一句话“当然,我们也不得不……和你们公司”,意味着_________。可以定位到文章第五段的内容Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.(因此,由于上述问题的结果,我们认为最合适的行动方案是将任何未付款的被认为不令人满意的货物退还给你,并从我们的最终结算中减去任何由此产生的费用。当然,我们也不得不重新考虑是否要向贵公司下进一步的订单。),该段明确指出,由于上述问题,会退还一部分的货物,并且考虑是否要向贵公司下进一步的订单,所以A“该公司可能会停止与手表制造商的贸易”正确,B选项“该公司将来可能会减少手表的订购数量”,该公司现在就会退还一部分货物,并将来可能会终止合作,所以B选项不正确,C选项“作者担心他们的公司可能会很快破产”,文中没有提到作者对于其公司的态度,排除。D选项“公司可能愿意再给制造商一次机会”,没有提到愿不愿意给机会让制造商改进问题,综上所述,本题的正确答案为A选项。
5.观点态度题。题干:这封信的目的是______。文章开头就提到,制造商的货物已经收到,明确表达这封信的目的就是对于交货的延迟以及没有遵循其明确的指示表示几点抱怨。第一段是抱怨交货时间推迟,第二段是抱怨手表颜色不对,第三段是抱怨质量问题。所以整篇文章目的就是向供货商抱怨手表的问题,所以C选项“抱怨关于手表的一些问题”正确。
17.写作题
WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofatleast200wordsbasedonthetopic“TraditionandInnovation”.
Youaretowriteinthreeparts.
Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.
Inthesecondpart,providereasonsoryourexperiencestosupportyouropinion.
Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
【答案】Thereisavividsayingwhichsays“Iftraditioncanbelikenedtotherootsandtrunkofatree,innovationisitsleavesandfruits.”Iquiteapplaudthissimile.Frommyperspective,traditionandinnovationaredoomedtocoexistperpetually.
Firstandforemost,traditionisasolidfoundationforinnovation,withabundantnutritionwecanabsorb,suchasscientificexperimentapproachesandsciencespirits.Secondly,it’sthedrawbacksoftraditionincertainfieldsthatgiverisetoinspirationandmomentumtoinnovate.Forinstance,ThomasEdison,whocaughtthesightoftheinconvenienceoftraditionalgaslight,conductedexperimentsandeventuallyinventedlightbulb.Onthecontrary,innovationwillcertainlyfightagainsttradition.Whenaninnovationsatisfiespeople'sexpectation,itcangainpopularityandfinallymakeitselfanewelementintradition,whichwillbeheldinhighesteem.
Inaword,traditionandinnovationcanneverbeseparated.Attheverytime,withtheever-increasingspeedofinnovation,adiversityofnewly-borntechnologyandhi-techproductspenetrateourdailylife.I’mconvincedthatwe’dbetterbeabsolutelyconsciousofourroot——traditionandgiveprioritytoit.Onlywhenwegainathoroughcomprehensionofitcanweaccomplishmagnificentinnovationandexertpositiveeffectonoursocietyasawhole.
18.单选题
()dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.
问题1选项
A.Although
B.Whatever
C.As
D.However
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中,后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管,虽然”,作为连词可以引导让步状语从句,后面接句子,应用到这个句子里面应该是:althoughhemaybedull;B选项whatever“不论什么”,后面应该接名词;C选项as“尽管,正如”,作为连词可以引导让步状语从句,后面接句子,应用到这个句子里面应该是:dullashemaybe;句意:无论他多么迟钝,他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。
19.单选题
Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas().
问题1选项
A.leaking
B.trickling
C.dripping
D.floating
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项leak“漏,(液体)渗入,(气体)逸出”;B选项trickle“(液体)成小股流动,滴”;C选项drip“滴下,滴落”;D选项float“漂浮;飘动”。句意:大雨过后,建筑工人被叫去修理漏水的屋顶。由选项意思和句意可知,A选项符合句意。
20.写作题
WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment”?
Youaretowriteinthreeparts.
Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.
Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.
Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
【答案】略
21.单选题
Itisimperativethatthegovernment()moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.
问题1选项
A.attracts
B.shallattract
C.attract
D.hastoattract
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。在itis+表示要求,建议,必要,命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,imperative表示“必要的,不可避免的”。句意:吸引更多的投资到造船业是势在必行的。因此,本题的正确答案是C选项。
22.单选题
Rumoursareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto()ones.
问题1选项
A.turbulent
B.tragic
C.vulnerable
D.suspicious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的”;B选项tragic“悲剧的,悲痛的”;C选项vulnerable“易受攻击的”;D选项suspicious“可疑的,怀疑的”。句意:谣言无处不在,它散布恐怖情绪,损害声誉,把稳定的局面搅得混乱不堪。所选形容词应与句中calm相对应,所以本题A选项符合句意。
23.写作题
WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto:
1.describethepicture;
2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture;
3.suggestcounter-measures.
【答案】略
24.单选题
TheWorldBankhasfundedmanyimprovementschemes(),includingshantytownandtransportimprovements.
问题1选项
A.global
B.overall
C.worldwide
D.universally
【答案】C
【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项global“全球的,总体的”;B选项overall“全部的,全体的”;C选项worldwide“遍及全球地”;D选项universally“普遍地,到处”。句意:世界银行资助了很多世界各地的改善计划,包括贫民区和交通的改善。根据句意,只有A、C选项符合意思。题干中的scheme是个名词,之后可以加副词作为定语修饰名词,而A选项是个形容词,故排除。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。
25.单选题
After()seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.
问题1选项
A.that
B.it
C.what
D.there
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。介词after后面接的是宾语从句,而宾语从句中缺少主语,用what引导宾语从句,并做从句的主语。句意:在无尽的等待后,轮到她进入人事部经理的办公室了。因此本题的正确答案是C选项。
26.单选题
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess…afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.
Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon…werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.
TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheene
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