2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号72

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湘潭大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Iremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.IthasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhomthefactorywhistleshadunyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.

ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile——CharlieChaplin'ssmile.

“Arch,it’sMikey,”hesaid.“Soyouhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana.”

Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme;andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow.

“Youhaven’tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,Isaidanxiously.

Heshruggedhisshoulders.

“WhatcanIdo?Nooneseemstowantthem.

Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuildings,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather’sbananas.

“Ioughttoyell,”saidmyfatherdolefully.66Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I’mashamedofyelling.Itmakesmefeellikeafool.’’

Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather.

“I’llyellforyou,pop.”Ivolunteered,

“Arch,no，’’hesaid,“gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI’llbelate.”

ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonder&lyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,butnobodylistened.

Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast.“Nu,”hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,“thatwaswonderfulyelling,Mikey.Butit’splainweareunluckytoday!Let’sgohome.”

Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells..Butatlastmyfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.

1.“Unyoked”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTsuitabletodescribethecharacteroftheson?

4.Whatisthethemeofthestory?

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefatherandtheson?

问题1选项

A.sentout

B.released

C.dispatched

D.removed

问题2选项

A.Hugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.

B.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.

C.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers’yells.

D.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.

问题3选项

A.Compassionate.

B.Responsible.

C.Shy.

D.Determined.

问题4选项

A.Themiseryofthefactoryworkers.

B.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.

C.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.

D.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.

问题5选项

A.Indifferent.

B.Sympathetic.

C.Appreciative.

D.Sneering

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.词义推测题。A选项表示“出发，启程”；B选项表示“释放，发布”；C选项表示“派遣，发送”；D选项“移开，排除”。根据划线词所在的那句话，句意为“我走在成千上万个从工厂口哨中解放出来的疲惫的男男女女中”。因此，四个选项中B选项release“释放”最贴近题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问下列哪个选项的内容为一组对比。A选项“川流不息的人群与无人问津卖香蕉的父子俩”；B选项‘天气状况和路灯’；C选项‘火车的咔嗒声和小贩的叫卖声’；D选项‘移动的人群和街道交通’；从文章内容中看，只有A选项是本文最强烈的对比，所以A选项正确。另外三组词都渲染了相同的情绪或是相似的情景，因此构不成对比。

3.推理判断题。题目问下列哪一个词不适合来形容儿子的性格特点。根据文章第二段中“Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.我认出了他，一个驼背、冻得僵直的人，穿着一件旧大衣，站在一辆香蕉车旁。他看上去很孤独；泪水涌上了我的眼睛。”可知A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富有同情心的”符合儿子的性格特点；根据文章第十段可知，儿子在吃了爸爸的一根香蕉之后，觉得自己有必要为自己付款，那就应该帮助父亲叫卖，因此可看出儿子的负责任‘Responsible’，B选项正确。根据文章最后三段可知，再叫卖了很久之后仍然没人来买香蕉，但是儿子仍然在叫卖，由此可看出儿子的意志坚定‘Determined’，D选项正确。运用排除法，所以只有C选项不符合他的性格特征。

4.主旨大意题。文章从儿子看见父亲开始，到父子俩的谈话，再到儿子为父亲叫卖香蕉，整篇文章都可看出父子情深，而不是代沟的问题；C选项排除，主人公并非工人，所以A选项排除；文章没有给出在艰难环境中如何生存下去的方法，所以B选项排除；因此D选项正确。

5.观点态度题。文章详细介绍了父子俩卖香蕉的艰难，但儿子坚持不懈地为父亲叫卖，而整篇文章的基调是比较忧郁的，由此可看出作者是满怀同情来写父亲生活的艰难的，因此B选项‘’同情的正确。A项表示“冷漠的”；C项表示“感激的”；D项表示“嘲讽的”均不正确。

2.单选题

NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofpride（

）toapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependuponmanuallaborforalivinganddelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithhishand.

问题1选项

A.inhavingrisen

B.tohaverisen

C.havingrisen

D.inrising

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词辨析题。首先，pride与in搭配，表示“以……为自豪”，而介词in之后应用动词的ing形式，且这里强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时态的分词形式，A选项正确。

3.单选题

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（

）.

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis（

）.

问题1选项

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

问题2选项

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

问题3选项

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

问题4选项

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本题询问这篇阅读的中心思想。A选项意为“交通事故主要是由摩托车引起的”；B选项意为“只有更严格的交通法规能够阻止事故的发生”；C选项意为“一些国家关于驾驶的法规太过松弛”；D选项意为“每年全世界有几千人丧生”。分析全文内容可知，文章前几段主要分析了造成事故的几个原因，而最后一段得出的结论是应该通过更严格的交通法规才能更好地制止交通事故的发生，所以B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项论述不符合第二段的内容。A选项意为“人们开车时通常无法保持安静愉快的心情”；B选项意为“当人们开车时，他们通常会发狂”；C选项意为“通常人们隐藏的能力会通过驾驶行为充分地发挥出来”；D选项意为“人们的坏品质和负面情感会通过驾驶行为完全被公开”。根据原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人说得对，当一个人坐在方向盘后面，他的车就成了他个性的延伸。毫无疑问，汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质。”可知人们在驾驶时的情绪和个人品质会通过驾驶行为显露出来，C选项正确；由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安静而愉快的人，当他们坐在方向盘后面时，可能会变得面目无睹。”可知本段中并没有说人们开车总是无法保持安静和愉快，A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项没有被作为阻止交通事故发生的一项对策提及。A选项意为“将驾照考试更标准化和增加难度”；B选项意为“提高驾驶员的年龄限制并定期复查”；C选项意为“将驾驶速度限制在合理的范围内”；D选项意为“经常测试司机血液中的酒精量”。根据原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托车事故发生的方式“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在要更严格；所有四级每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试”可知D选项没有提及符合题意。

4.观点态度题。本题询问作者对于这种社会现象的态度。A选项意为“讽刺的”；B选项意为“批判的”；C选项意为“漠不关心的”；D选项意为“富有战斗性的”。文章的前三段分别给出了导致交通事故发生的几个原因，作者也呼吁各国制定更为严格的交通法规来阻止事故的发生，而对于摩托车事故，作者一直持批评的态度，B选项正确。

4.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.precludes

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。A选项“阻止，妨碍”；B选项“创始，发起”；C选项“阻止，抑制”；D选项“使（某物）洁净，净化（心灵）”；根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以阻缓食物中腐坏微生物的生长速度，按照相同的原理，在巴式消毒法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐坏作用’确定C选项正确。

5.单选题

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

问题1选项

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。A选项perfect“使完美”；hinder“隐藏，藏起来”；B选项exhaust“排出，耗尽”；interest“引起的兴趣”；C选项prolong“延长，拖延”；necessitate“使成为必需”；D选项vote“投票”；challenge“挑战”。根据句意‘然而由于一些植被类型或者生态系统的研究已经很完善了，它们不再需要专家。’A选项正确。

6.单选题

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorhersenseoffearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

问题1选项

A.afrail;insecurity

B.avaliant;phobias

C.anambitious;mortify

D.aludicrous;laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容词和名词辨析。第一个空考查的是形容词的辨析，frail“脆弱的，薄弱的，抵不住诱惑的”;valiant“勇敢的，有价值的”;ambitious“有野心的，有抱负的”；ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”；根据句尾的thinandofteneasilybreached推断出第一个空应该填frail;第二个空考查的是名词辨析，insecurity“不安全，无保障”；phobias“憎恶；恐惧症”；mortify“克制，抑制（肉体、情感等）”作动词；laughter“笑，笑声”；根据关键词thesenseof和句子的整体意思‘人类是一种极为脆弱的生物体，因为掩盖着其恐惧感和不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’可以推断出此处应该填insecurity,所以A选项正确。

7.翻译题

Thenumberskeeprising,thesuperlativeskeepglowing.Eachyear,selectivecollegespromotetheirapplicationtotals,alongwiththevirtuesoftheirapplicants.

Forthisfairsfreshmanclass,thestatisticsreachedremarkablelevels.Stanfordreceivedarecord32,022applicationsfromstudentsitcalled’’simplyamazing”andaccepted7percentofthem.Brownsawanunprecedented30,135applicants,wholefttheadmissionsstaff"deeplyimpressedandattimesawed."Ninepercentwereadmitted.

ThebiggestboastcamefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Inanewsrelease,UCLAsaiditsacceptedstudentshad"demonstratedexcellenceinallaspectsoftheirlives."Citingitsrecord57,670applications,theuniversityproclaimeditself"themostpopularcampusinthenation.”

Suchannouncementstellastoryinwhichcollegesgetbetter——andstudentsgetmoreamazing-everyyear.Inreality,thenarrativeisfarmorecomplex,andtheimplicationsfarlesssunnyforstudentsaswellascollegescaughtupinthecruelcycleofselectivity

ToSomedegree,theincreasesareinevitable:thecollege-boundpopulationgrown,andso,too,hasthenumberofapplicationsstudentsfile,thanksinparttoonlinetechnology.

Butwhereveritisrainingapplications,collegeshavehelpedseedthecloudsbyrecruitingwidelyandaggressivelyforevermoreapplicants.

Admissionsofficersarechasingnotsomuchamoreperfectstudentasamoreperfectclass.Inagivenyear,thiselusiveidealmightrequiremoreviolinists,goalies,aspiringengineersorstudentswhocanpaythefullcostofattendanceCollegeseverywherewantmoreminoritystudents,moreout-of-statestudentsandmorestudentsfromoverseas.

Thepursuitrevealsthedualityofthemodemcollege:it’saplacethatservesthepublicinterestandabusinesswithabottomline.

Althoughthetensionbetweenmissionandmarketinghaslongdefinedadmissions,manybelievethebalancehastiltedtoofartowardthelatter.ManycollegeshavemadeapplyingassimpleasupdatingaFacebookpage.Somedeansandguidancecounselorscomplainthatit’stooeasy.Theyquestiontheethicsofintenserecruitmentbycollegesthatrejecttheoverwhelmingmajorityofapplicants.

"It’slikeneedinganewstereoandbuyingthewholeRadioShack,saysMarkSpeer,directorofcollegecounselingattheColumbiaGrammarandPreparatorySchoolinNewYork."Withthesebiggerpools,collegesaregettingalotofstudentswhohavenochance."

FredHargadon,formerdeanofadmissionsatPrincetonandStanford,doubtsthatmoreandmoreapplicantsmakeforastrongerclass,

“Icouldn’tpickabetterclassoutof30000applicantsthanoutof15.000hesays,"I’djustenduprejectingmultiplesofthesamekid.”

【答案】斯坦福大学收到了创纪录的32,022份来自学生的申请，斯坦福称这些申请“简直太棒了”，并接受了其中7%的申请。

在现实中，故事要复杂得多，对于陷入残酷的选择性循环的学生和大学来说，其含义也远没有那么光明

但是，只要有大量的申请，大学就会通过广泛而积极地招收更多的申请者，为申请埋下伏笔。

这种追求揭示了现代大学的两面性:它是一个为公众利益服务的地方也是一个有底线的企业。

“在3万名申请者中，我找不到比15.000名更好的了,”他说道，我只是最终拒绝同样的孩子。

8.单选题

BroadlytheEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfolly（1）onlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,

（2）

embarrassed.Youhaveonlyto

（3）

acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersordozinginacomer;noonespeaksInfact,todosowouldseemunusual

（4）

.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,

（5）

broken,makesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof

（6）

.

Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavea

（7）

forthediscussionoftheirweatherandthatgivenhalfachance,theywilltalkaboutit

（8）

.SomepeoplearguethatitisBecauseEnglishweather

（9）

forecastandhenceisasourceofinterestand

（10）

toeveryone.Thismaybeso

（11）

Englishmancannothavemuch

（12）

intheweathermen,who,afterpromisingfine,sunnyweatherfortheFollowingday;areoftenprovedwrong

（13）

acouldovertheAtlanticbringsrainyweathertoaildistricts!Themaninthestreetseemstobeasaccurate-orasinaccurateastheweathermeninhis

（14）

.

Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberofreferences

（15）

weatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofasingleday.Veryoftenconversationalgreetingsare

（16）

bycommentsontheweather.”Niceday,isn’tit?""Beautiful!"maywellbeheardinsteadof"Goodmorning,howareyou?"

（17）

theforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedandcomic,itisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.

（18）

hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanbutis

（19）

toknowwheretobegin,hecoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.Itisasafesubjectwhichwill

（20）

ananswerfromeventhemostreservedofEnglishmen.

问题1选项

A.entertained

B.relaxed

C.amused

D.enlightened'

问题2选项

A.yet

B.otherwise

C.even

D.though

问题3选项

A.experience

B.undergo

C.travel

D.witness

问题4选项

A.Obviously

B.Contrarily

C.Frequently

D.Practically

问题5选项

A.unless

B.if

C.while

D.asif

问题6选项

A.suspicion

B.opposition

C.attack

D.study

问题7选项

A.passion

B.fancy

C.Necessity

D.topic

问题8选项

A.atlength

B.toagreat

C.fromtheir

D.byallmeans

问题9选项

A.follows

B.predicts

C.defies

D.violates

问题10选项

A.deduction

B.contemplation

C.speculation

D.contribution

问题11选项

A.Still

B.Also

C.Certainly

D.Fundamentally

问题12选项

A.faith

B.reliance

C.honor

D.credit

问题13选项

A.if

B.once

C.when

D.whereas

问题14选项

A.propositions

B.predictions

C.approval

D.defiance

问题15选项

A.about

B.on

C.asfor

D.to

问题16选项

A.replaced

B.conducted

C.executed

D.proposed

问题17选项

A.Since

B.Although

C.however

D.Before

问题18选项

A.Evenif

B.Because

C.If

D.For

问题19选项

A.ataloss

B.atlast

C.infact

D.ontheoccasion

问题20选项

A.stimulate

B.constitute

C.furnish

D.provoke

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:C

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:A

第17题:B

第18题:C

第19题:A

第20题:A

【解析】（1）动词辨析题。根据前一句句意‘大体上来说，英国人比较安静、羞涩、保守，他们只在非常熟悉的人而前才能完全放松’，B选项relaxed正确。

（2）副词辨析题。句意：当有陌生人或外国人在场的时候，他们通常会显得拘谨，甚至局促不安。由inhibited到embarrassed是递进关系，所以C选项的even正确。

（3）名词辨析题。句意：你只需留意一下早晚通勤车的状况便可证实这一点。A选项的experience“经历”；B选项的undergo“经历，遭受，承受”；C选项的travel“旅行，前进”；D选项的witness“目击，证明”,D选项正确。

（4）副词辨析题。句意：实际上，有条没有明文规定但都心知肚明的行为准则。A选项的obviously“明显地”；B选项的contrarily“相反地，反之，反对地”；C选项的frequently“频繁地，经常地”，不合题意,D选项的Practically“实际地；几乎；事实上”正确。

（5）连词辨析题。句意：如果打破这条行为准则，这人便立刻成为众人怀疑的对象。B选项if表示“如果”，符合句意。

（6）名词辨析题。句意：行为表现不符合常规，应该是引起人们的怀疑。A选项suspicion“怀疑”;B选项opposition“反对”；C选项attack“攻击，抨击”；D选项study“研宄”,A选项正确。

（7）名词辨析题。句意：众所周知，英国人对谈论天气情有独钟”A选项haveapassionfor‘‘对…有强烈的爱好”；B选项haveafancyfor“喜欢，想要”；C选项haveanecessityfor“必要性，需要”；D选项haveatopicfor“有一个话题”，所以A选项符合句意。

（8）介词短语辨析题。句意：只要有机会，他们就能对此做出长篇大论。”A选项atlength“最后，终于，详细地”；B选项toagreatextent“在很大程度上”；C选项fromtheirheart“从心底”；D选项byallmeans“一定，务必，尽一切办法”,A选项符合句意。

（9）动词辨析题。句意：有人认为这是由于英国的天气变幻莫测，因此勾起了大家的兴趣和思索”。A选项follow“跟随，遵循”;B选项predict“预报，预言”;C选项defy“藐视，公然反抗，挑衅，使落空”；D选项violate“违反，侵犯”,C选项符合句意。

（10）名词辨析题。句意：因此成了每个人趣味和猜测的来源。”A选项contribution“贡献，捐献，投稿”;B选项deduction“扣除，推论”；C选项contemplation“沉思，注视，意图”；D选项speculation“投机，推测，思索”,C选项符合句意。

（11）副词辨析题。句意：当然，英国人不能太相信气象学专家……”。A选项still“仍然，更”；B选项also“同样，也，而且”；C选项certainly“当然，必定”；D选项fundamentally“根本地，从根本上，基础地”。C选项符合句意。

（12）名词辨析题。句意：当然，英国人不能太相信气象学专家……”A选项havefaithin“相信，对…信任”;B选项havereliancein“信赖”；C选项honor“荣誉，信用”；D选项credit“信用，信誉”。A选项符合句意。

（13）连词辨析题。句意：天气预报员承诺第二天会是晴朗好天气的时候，伴随着大西洋上反气旋所带来的降雨就会证明他们的失测”，when引导时间状语从句。

（14）名词辨析题。句意：如果按照天气预报员的预测，行走在大街上的人们可以说是愚蠢的，也可以说是明智的”。A选项proposition“命题，提议”；B选项prediction“预报，预言”；C选项approval“批准认可，赞成”;D选项defiance“蔑视挑战，反抗”B选项符合句意。

（15）介词辨析题。句意：对于英国人一天之内与彼此交谈中不断提及天气状况，海外游客所表示出的惊讶是可以体谅的”。thattheEnglishmake是定语从句，先行词是references，referencestoweather“提及天气”。所以D选项介词to正确。

（16）动词辨析题。句意：通常，人们见面就谈论天气情况而不是传统的问候。A选项replace“取代，代替”；B选项conduct“管理，引导”；C选项execute“实行，执行，处死”；D选项propose“建议，打算”。由下文的insteadof确定A选项正确。

（17）连词词义辨析题。句意：尽管外国人认为这样或许有些夸张滑稽，但值得一提的是了解这个对他是有好处的”，前后句之间是转折关系，所以B选项although正确。

（18）连词词义辨析题。句意：如果他想和一个英国人聊几句但又不知道从何说起，他可以提提天气情况”。C选项中if表示“如果"符合句意。

（19）固定短语辨析题。A选项ataloss“困惑，茫然，不知所措”；B选项atlast“最后，终于”；C选项infact“事实上，实际上”；D选项ontheoccasion“在那时，值此之际”。句意:如果他想和一个英国人聊几句但又不知道从何说起”。A选项符合句意。

（20）动词辨析题。句意：这是一个稳妥的话题，将会鼓励一位最缄默的英国人作出回答”。A选项stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”;B选项constitute“组成，构成”；C选项furnish“提供，供应”;D选项provoke“驱使，激怒，煽动，惹起”。A选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

问题1选项

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词通常强调动作的主动语态，而过去分词强调状态，强调被动语态或已经发生过的，根据句意‘促销通常在户外进行，人们坐在长凳、椅子或盒子上’确定B选项的seated表示坐的状态，正确。

10.单选题

The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.

问题1选项

A.patch

B.porch

C.paunch

D.pouch

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析题。要注意区分四个选项名词的不同意思。根据句意‘雌性袋鼠腹部表面的育儿袋是用来保护幼崽，使它们不需要离开这里也能够获得母亲的乳汁的。’和常识可知空格处表示“育儿袋”。A选项parch意为“眼罩，斑点”；B选项porch意为“门廊，走廊”；C选项paunch意为“腹，大肚子”；D选项pouch意为“小袋，育儿袋”。D选项正确。

11.单选题

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

问题1选项

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一个空是考查名称的辨析，outcome“结果，效果”；logic“原理,逻辑性”；rigidity“严格，刻板”；uncertainty“不确定性”；根据句子后半部分的意思可以推断出第一个空应该填rigidity,表示立场的固执僵化；第二个空是考查动词的辨析，foreshadow“成为前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（价值，品质，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出卖，背叛（原则或信仰）”，根据句意‘由于威尔逊在最初同意谈判以达成协议之后又拒绝让步妥协，因此，其立场实际的固执僵化总是得以暴露无遗’可知第二个空应该填betrayed，所以C选项正确。

12.单选题

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

问题1选项

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析题。根据句意‘试想一下，当他的三个高级内阁同僚都在周五晚上向他递交了辞呈并进行抗议，这对这位首相的打击有多大。’可知这里应选与resignedinprotest“辞职抗议”为并列关系的动词。A选项revolve“旋转”;B选项resolve“解决”；C选项revive“使复活，使恢复”;D选项revolt“反叛，起义”。D选项的revolted与protest相对应，D选项正确。

13.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical.

问题3选项

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

问题4选项

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A选项“界定现代主义者对艺术的态度”；B选项解释摄影是如何作为美术出现的”；C选项“说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察。”；D选项“界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们的艺术所具有的各种观点，并判定每种观点的价值”，根据文章大意可知最能概括文章中作者的主要思想的是D选项。

2.根据文章第二段最后一句“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism;thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.”“这说明他们就是把现代主义胜利所强加的艺术概念视为合理的，其合理程度是：艺术越强，对艺术的传统目的破坏得越大。”确定D选项“矛盾的”正确，

3.推理判断题。A选项“他想列举哪些像当代严肃的摄影家一样抛弃了传统上被接受的现代艺术目的的艺术家