2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号22

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.

It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.

RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.

EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.

OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.

56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.

57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?

58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?

59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.

60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?

问题1选项

A.critical

B.ironic

C.ridicule

D.enthusiastic

问题2选项

A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.

B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.

C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.

D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.

问题3选项

A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.

B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.

C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.

D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.

问题4选项

A.makingcomplaints

B.gettingsupports

C.makingfriends

D.experiencingsocialanxiety

问题5选项

A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.

B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.

C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.

D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“从用词可以判断第一段的语气是如何的？”。第一段指出Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.（如果你是一个喜欢社交媒体的女人，你可能会想到这样一个场景：你们一起坐在沙发上默默地看电视。当你花点时间浏览你的推特时，你会发现你的另一半一直在推特上分享关于《纸牌屋》的一系列个人想法——尽管他还没有对你说过一个字）；文中用了一个贬义词“butterfly（追求享乐的人）”，可以推断这段语气是嘲讽，所以C项“讥讽、嘲笑”符合。A项“批判的”不符合题意；B项“讽刺的、反话的”，是指用反话讽刺，文中没有用反话所以不符合题意；D项“热情的”错误。因此C选项正确。

57.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“为什么男士更喜欢在网上表达而不是当面表达？”。第二段提到It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.（男性对自己的想法和感受往往比女性守口如瓶，这并不奇怪，但社交媒体为一些男性创造了一个避风港，他们可以用自己在现实生活中从未有过的方式在网上表达自己），可以推断，男性认为社交媒体是安全的。A项“男性认为社交媒体是有力量的”没有提到；C项“男性喜欢把想法讲给观众听”，文中只是说社交媒体为男性提供了避风港；D项“在一个人面前说话会害羞”，这里只是说了男性与女性相比，男性不爱表达。因此B选项正确。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，下列哪一项关于女性的说法是不正确的？”。第三段第三行提到Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia（女性比男性更有可能使用社交媒体），证明B项“她们使用社交媒体比男性更频繁”正确；第二段最后一句Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink（现在，女性可以通过社交媒体来更深入地了解伴侣的想法）可知，C项“通过社交媒体，她们会更加了解自己的伴侣”正确；第三段倒数第二行womenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface（女性也同样愿意与某人面对面地分享她们在数字世界中迸发的想法）可知，D项“她们既乐意在社交媒体也愿意面对面交流”正确；而A项“她们受到社交媒体的负面影响”文章没有提及，只在第四段第二行提到thereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupports（因此，男性和女性更需要表达自己的负面情绪并寻求支持）。因此，该题选A。

59.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“男性和女性保持使用社交媒体的理由是以下除了……选项？”。从第四段EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.（迈阿密大学博士生EvaBuechel研究为什么人们在线分享内容，他发现男性和女性经历社会焦虑，也因此更需要表达自己的负面情绪，寻求支持，同样有可能保持一个博客或社交媒体账户）可以看出，A项“抱怨”、B项“得到支持”、D项“经历社会焦虑”均提到，唯独C项“交朋友”没有提及。所以该题选C。

60.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“关于男性使用社交媒体，从最后一段可以推断出……？”。最后一段讲到menareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.（男性越来越愿意在网上分享他们的创造性工作，如写作、音乐或艺术；在2008年的一项研究中，近三分之二的男性表示他们会在网上发布自己的工作，相比之下，只有一半的女性会在网上发布工作）；可以推断男性更愿意分享自己的工作，A项“男性从来不分享他们的感情生活”没有提到；B项“男性希望在网上得到工作上的支持”也没有提到；C项“男性在写作、艺术和思考方面更有创造性”文中并没有说到，只是说他们愿意分享。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

______wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.

问题1选项

A.Grantedthat

B.Ifonly

C.Bynow

D.Nowthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项grantedthat“即使，假定”，表示条件；B项ifonly“要是……多好”，表示虚拟语气；C项bynow“到目前为止”，作时间状语；D项nowthat“既然，由于”表原因。句子表示原因；因此D项符合。句意：既然我们已经准备好了所有的材料，我们应该立即开始这项新任务。故正确答案为D。

3.单选题

Itisimportantthattheyknow______togetfromtheapplicants.

问题1选项

A.theinformationneeded

B.whatisneeded

C.whatinformationtheyneed

D.theinformation

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语和宾语从句。这里把whatinformation提前来引导从句担当主句的宾语，宾语从句的正常语序是theyneedtogetwhatinformationfromtheapplicants；这句话的句意是：他们知道什么信息是他们需要从申请人那里得到的，这很重要。A、B、D选项均不符合语法，因此选C。

4.单选题

Theprosecutionforatrademarkshallbeconductedbysometrademarkattorneys.

问题1选项

A.accuse

B.charging

C.application

D.design

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。prosecution在句中是“起诉”，A选项accuse“起诉，控告”；B选项charging是charge的动名词，表“控告”；C选项application“应用，申请”；D选项design“设计”。句意：商标起诉将由商标代理律师处理。根据句意B项正确。

5.单选题

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

问题1选项

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。perforate表示“穿过，穿孔”。A项facetoward“正对着”，B项follow“跟随”，C项pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D项flytoward“飞向”；句意：箭头前端很尖锐，可以用它来刺穿目标物。根据句意该题选C。

6.单选题

Therewasnotrafficvisible,butTangoholduphisrightarmmajestically,asthoughhe______acrowdofroaringtrucks.

问题1选项

A.ishalting

B.hadhalted

C.wouldbehalting

D.werehalting

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。asthough在这里引导了后面的虚拟语气，表示“仿佛”；此处是对过去的虚拟，因此从句用过去时态，又因为语境需要，表示动作正在进行，A、B、C选项时态均不对，只有D项符合。句意：路上看不到车辆，但探戈庄严地举起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼啸的卡车。故正确答案为D。

7.单选题

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

问题2选项

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

问题3选项

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

问题4选项

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

问题5选项

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，直到20世纪中叶，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，因为……”。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因为在几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，所以国家间几乎没有管辖权的冲突）可知，国际水域的管辖权争议很少，是因为几乎没有任何行为标准被用到‘公海’上，这里的“openseas”就相当于题干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A项“几乎没有控制或限制使用到海洋领域”正确。B项“海洋领域仅用于没有恶意的行为”没有提到；C项“海洋自由化的条例解决了所有有关航海及捕鱼的纷争”文中没有提到，且C项太绝对；D项“各国平等地享有公海使用权”，这不是管辖权争议少的原因。故该题选A。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据20世纪中叶以前适用的国际法理论，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，那么该国应……”。根据第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在这一范围内它有权但没有责任管理所有活动）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了对其本国公民的控制外，没有任何国家有责任控制国际水域内的这种活动，更不用说单方面的权力了）可推断，如果某一国家领水内的商业活动威胁到该水域内的所有海洋生物，该国可以根据自身情况自行解决，因此可知D项“被允许自行决定解决这个问题，只要它能够遏制对自己领海的威胁”符合题意。A项“因未能适当管理海洋活动而受到国际组织的正式谴责”和B项“被其他国家呼吁建立保护其领海的规则”在文中没有提到；C项“能够但无须对此类商业活动做出法律限制”，根据第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于这一领土范围非常有限，大多数国家没有建立管理或保护其领海的规则）可推断，大多数国家对领海保护方面没有建立相应的法律规定，因此C项不对。故该题选D。

63.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者认为，在二十世纪中叶以前，大多数国家在领海和国际水域方面的行动表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.（总的来说，海洋污染不被认为是一个重大问题，部分原因是沿海活动对海洋生态系统的不利影响没有得到广泛认识，而人类活动造成的污染一般被认为仅限于航海造成的污染）可推断，大多数国家对领海和国际水域的生态管理不重视，因此A项“无论是领海还是国际水域的生态系统管理都没有得到足够的重视”符合题意。B项“国际水域的无限资源导致对领海的兴趣不大”和D项“虽然这些国家可以把领土延伸到海岸线三英里以外，但大多数国家选择不这么做”文中没有提到；C项“各国认为他们有责任保护领海，而不是国际水域”，文章只在第一段提到各国有权但没责任管理领海的活动，所以各国没有责任保护领海，C项不正确，故该题选A。

64.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“作者引用下列哪一项作为领海延伸超过三英里界限的影响?”。由第四段第三句中extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems（将领土权力扩展到一个国家海岸外200英里的地方，为各国单独管理更大的生态系统提供了机会）可知，C项“这是一些国家管理大型海洋生态系统的机会”正确。A项“对个别国家施加更大的政治压力，要求它们制定管理海洋资源的全面法律”，B项“各国之间在公海渔业管理方面有更多的管辖权争端”和D项“这是小国家解决沿海污染问题的政治动机”在文中都未提及，故该题选C。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“总的来说这篇文章作为……来描述最好”。A项“导致当今危机的一系列事件的年表”，B项“对现行法律滥用和改革可能性的法律调查”，C项“对国家关注国际问题所固有问题的政治分析”，D项“对一个需要国际关注的问题的历史分析”。文章的主要内容是对海洋污染和生态系统遭到破坏的历史原因和现状的分析，指出国际标准和政策才能更广泛地管制影响海洋生态系统的人类活动，因此根据文章内容，该题D项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thelifespanofasunfishisshort,______tenyears.

问题1选项

A.moreseldomthan

B.morethanseldom

C.seldommorethan

D.seldomthanmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“不超过，不多于”的表达，一般我们用more/lessthan表示多于/少于，要表示不超过，不少于的时候，就在前面直接加seldom表示否定，不能够改变这个顺序，故只能选择C项。句意：翻车鱼的寿命很短，很少超过十年。因此，该题正确答案为C。

9.单选题

Whenpeoplespeakofsolarenergy,theythinkonlyofthesun’sraysheatingahomeor______electricityfromthesun.

问题1选项

A.derive

B.ofderiving

C.deriving

D.toderive

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。Thinkof后面应该接名词或者动名词，故排除A、B、D项，只有C项正确。句意：当人们谈到太阳能时，他们想到的只是用太阳的光线来加热房屋或从太阳中获得电力。因此该题选C。

10.单选题

Thewrapperitself______theshopper,whousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.

问题1选项

A.isnotaninterestto

B.isofnointerestto

C.isnotinterestedto

D.isuninterestingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查interest的意义和用法，固定搭配beof(no)interesttosb.“（不）会引起……的兴趣”；区别interested“感兴趣”，interesting“有趣的”，interest“兴趣，爱好”。A项语义不符，C项表示“包装纸对顾客不感兴趣”不符合句子逻辑，D项也不符合逻辑；本句句意是：对于顾客来说，包装纸本身不会引起其兴趣，通常，他们立即就将其扔掉了。根据语义，B项最符合。

11.单选题

Televisionadvertisinghasbeenunderconstantscrutinyforthelastfewyears.

问题1选项

A.counterattack

B.pressure

C.revision

D.examination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。scrutiny表示“详细审查”；A项counterattack“反击，反攻”，B项pressure“压力”，C项revision“修订，修正”，D项examination“检查，查问”。句意：在过去数年里，电视广告一直不断受到详细审查。因此D项正确。

12.单选题

Thericeandcottonfieldsarebesetwithswarmsofpestslikericehopperandpinkbollworm.

问题1选项

A.invested

B.infested

C.infected

D.injected

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。Beset表示“困扰，围绕”；A项invest“投资，覆盖”，B项infest“大批滋生”，C项infect“感染”，D项inject“注入，注射”。句意：稻田和棉田被成群的害虫所包围，如稻虱和粉虱。因此B项正确。

13.单选题

ThevenerablemediaformathasbecomeoneofthemostubiquitouswaystopackagecontentontheWeb.

问题1选项

A.unique

B.omnipresent

C.effective

D.predictive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous在句中是“普遍存在的，无处不在的”，A选项unique“独特的”；B选项omnipresent“无处不在的”；C选项effective“有效的”；D选项predictive“预言性的”。句意：庄严的媒体格式已经成为网上承载内容最普遍的方式。根据句意B项正确。

14.单选题

Sheaskedhimwhathethoughtofher______dress.

问题1选项

A.greenprettylittle

B.littlegreenpretty

C.prettylittlegreen

D.prettygreenlittle

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词的顺序问题。出现多个形容词修饰一个名词，顺序是：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。按此规律，pretty属于限定词，little是描述大小，green描述颜色，故C项正确。句意：她问他这件漂亮的绿色小连衣裙怎么样。故正确答案为C。

15.单选题

Theladywasinanguishuntilsheknewthatherhusband’slifewassavedfinally.

问题1选项

A.distress

B.despair

C.question

D.dilemma

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。anguish表示“痛苦，苦恼”；A项distress“不幸，悲痛”，B项despair“绝望，丧失信心”，C项question“询问，怀疑”，D项dilemma“进退两难”。句意：那位女士非常痛苦，直到她知道她丈夫的生命终于得救。根据句意该题选A。

16.单选题

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

问题1选项

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词前的形容词顺序问题。很多个形容词修饰名词，其先后顺序为数量、大小、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、名词性形容词；指示性形容词all,many,some及any均应放在一般修饰性形容词前面；句意：所有早期的灯都是由一根浮在油碗里的灯芯制成的，灯芯的作用原理是毛细管作用。因此只有C项语序正确。

17.单选题

Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,paintersandsculptorsintheUnitedStateshadbeguntoexert______overart.

问题1选项

A.agreatworldwideinfluence

B.influenceworldwideagreat

C.influenceagreatworldwide

D.aworldwideinfluencegreat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词前的形容词顺序问题。很多个形容词修饰名词，其先后顺序为数量、大小、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、名词性形容词；句意：到了二十世纪中叶，在美国的画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。因此A项正确。

18.翻译题

Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Theman,who,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

【答案】参考译文：

一个人的存在应该像一条河流——开始是涓涓细流，被限制在狭窄的河岸之间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，越过瀑布。渐渐地，河面变宽了，河岸也远去，河水流动得更加平静。最后，它没有间断地融入了大海，而后便毫无痛苦地消失了自我。能够这样理解自己一生的老人，就不会因害怕死亡而痛苦，因为他所珍爱的一切都会继续存在下去。而且，随着精力的衰退，倦意的增加，长眠的想法并不是不受欢迎的。我希望死于尚能劳作之时，知道别人会继续我未竟的事业，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到满足。

19.单选题

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

问题1选项

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。verdict表示“结论，裁定”。A项jury“陪审团”，B项crime“罪行”，C项convict“罪犯”，D项judgment“意见，判断力”；句意：有罪判决是普遍预期的，尽管比许多人预期的要严厉。根据句意该题选D。

20.单选题

Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.Later,inthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,theinfirmaryseparatedfromthealmshouseandbecameanindependentinstitutionsupportedbylocaltaxmoney.Atthesametime,privatecharityhospitalsbegantodevelop.Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick,sincetherewaslittlethatmedicinecouldactuallydotocureillness,andthemiddleclasswastreatedathomebyprivatephysicians.

Lateinthenineteenthcentury,theprivatecharityhospitalbegantryingtoattractmiddle-classpatients.Althoughthedepressionof1890stimulatedthegrowthofcharitableinstitutionsandanexpandingurbanpopulationbecamedependentonassistance,therewasadeclineinprivatecontributionstotheseorganizationswhichforcedthemtolooktolocalgovernmentforfinancialsupport.Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.

Theadventofprivatehospitalhealthinsurance,whichprovidedmiddle-classpatientswiththepurchasingpowertopayforprivatehospitalservices,guaranteedtheprivatehospitalaregularsourceofincome.Privatehospitalsrestrictedthemselvestorevenue-generatingpatients,leavingthepublichospitalstocareforfilepoor.Althoughpublichospitalscontinuedtoprovideservicesforpatientswithcommunicablediseasesand-outpatientandemergencyservices,theBlueCrossplansdevelopedaroundtheneedsoftheprivatehospitalsandtheinpatientstheyserved.Thus,reimbursementforambulatorycarehasbeenminimalundermostBlueCrossplans,andprovisionofoutpatientcarehasnotbeenamajorfunctionoftheprivatehospital,inpartbecauseprivatepatientscanaffordtopayfortheservicesofprivatephysicians.Additionally,sinceWorldWarII，therehasbeenatremendousinfluxoffederalmoneyintoprivatemedicalschoolsandthehospitalsassociatedwiththem.Further,largeprivatemedicalcenterswithexpensiveresearchequipmentandprogramshaveattractedthebestadministrators,physicians,andresearchers.Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”

56.Accordingtothepassage,theveryfirstprivatehospitals______.

57.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthedifferencesthatcurrentlyexistbetweenpublicandprivatehospitalsareprimarilytheresultof______.

58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortointroduceinthenextparagraph?

59.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

60.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpublichospitalscanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.developedfromalmshouseinfirmaries

B.wereestablishedmainlytoservicethepoor

C.weresupportedbygovernmentrevenues

D.providedbettercarethanpublicinfirmaries

问题2选项

A.politicalconsiderations

B.legislativerequirements

C.economicfactors

D.ethicalconcerns

问题3选项

A.Aplantoimprovethequalityofpublichospitals.

B.Ananalysisoftheprofitstructureofhealthinsurancecompanies.

C.Aproposaltoraisetaxesonthemiddleclass.

D.Adiscussionofrecentdevelopmentsinmedicaltechnology.

问题4选项

A.describethefinancialstructureofthehealthcareindustry

B.demonstratetheimportanceofgovernmentsupportforhealth-careinstitutions

C.criticizewealthyinstitutionsforrefusingtoprovideservicestothepoor

D.identifythehistoricalcausesofthedivisionbetweenprivateandpublichospitals

问题5选项

A.contemptuousandprejudiced

B.enthusiasticandsupportive

C.apprehensiveanddistrustful

D.concernedandunderstanding

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】56.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，最早的私立医院……”。文章第一段说到Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.（公立综合医院起源于殖民地时期地方政府为照顾穷人而建立的救济院医务室），由此可知由救济院医务室发展来的是公立医院，而不是私人医院，所以A项“由救济院医务室发展而来”错误；根据第一段最后一句Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick（私立医院和公立医院主要为贫困病人提供食物和住所）可知，最开始公立医院和私立医院都是为穷人提供服务的，因此B项“主要是为穷人服务而建立的”符合题意；C项“由政府收入支持”文中未提及；D项“提供比公立医院更好的护理”，最初的公立医院和私立医院都是为穷人服务，没有好坏之分，因此D项错误。故该题选B。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“可以推断，作者认为目前公立医院与私立医院之间存在的差异，主要是由于……”。根据文章第二段Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.（因为私人机构也失去了捐助者；他们开始向病人收费。为了吸引中产阶级患者，私人机构提供了区分付费和非付费患者的服务和设施，使医院成为私人医生治疗自己患者的理想场所。随着