2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号15

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thesearetwo（）issues,butpeopleoftentakethemasone.

问题1选项

A.oblivious

B.distinguished

C.distinct

D.evident

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项oblivious“遗忘的，健忘的”。B选项distinguished“著名的，卓著的”。C选项distinct“明显的，独特的，有区别的”。D选项evident“明显的，明白的”。句意：这是两个截然不同的问题，但人们往往把它们视为一个问题。but表示转折，说明前面所表述的问题是不同的，独特的。因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（错综复杂的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生联谊会）andsororities（女生联谊会）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don’tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.

1.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat（）

3.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat（）.

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat（）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems（）.

问题1选项

A.prideandambition

B.dreamandfear

C.easinessandeffort-saving

D.trouble-savingandrelease

问题2选项

A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier

B.youdon'tworryabouttheresults

C.youneedn'ttaketheentranceexamination

D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted

问题3选项

A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice

B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier

C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision

D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision

问题4选项

A.afillconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying

B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut

C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood

D.theauthorshouldn'tapplyunderEarlyDecision

问题5选项

A.regretful

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.sensitive

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问：作者根据“提前申请”原则申请学校主要是因为什么？根据原文第一段第一句“Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知，我提前申请宾夕法尼亚大学主要是因为有两种强烈的情感驱使我这么做：雄心和恐惧。因此，B项“梦想与恐惧”符合原文表述，故本题正确答案为B选项。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题干询问：从原文可以推断出“提前申请”的主要优势是什么？根据原文第一段第四句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”可知，提前申请政策能大大提高被录取的几率，因此D选项“你更可能被录取”符合原文内容，而其他三项在原文中均未提及，故本题正确答案为D选项。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问：作者在第二段中的情感描述是为了说明什么？首先，作者在第二段第二句讲到“Iwasthrilledandrelieved”，说明作者在得知提前申请通过时，他很兴奋也感到释然”，而根据第二段第六句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可知，作者在看到其他同学因为申请其他学校或喜或忧的时候，他并没觉得自己提前申请成功是什么高兴的事，而当他看到班上有很多同学考上了布朗大学时，他又想知道如果自己也报考的话，能不能也考得上。由此可见，他对自己提前申请学校产生了怀疑。所以，综合对比四个选项，只有D选项“他对自己的决定既开心又怀疑”最能概述原文信息，故本题正确答案为D选项。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从文中总结出什么内容？原文首先讲述了作者依据“提前申请”政策选择了宾夕法尼亚大学，但在看到别人还在费尽心思通过学校申请时，他又产生了动摇，而在真正进入学校之后他发现自己不适合这所学校，所以最后又费劲转学。作者通过自己的申请经验得出结论：并不是每个人都适合提前申请学校。作者建议高三学生要思考一下自己想要什么，是不是真正适合提前申请学校，同时也不要轻易被他人的思想左右。因此，A选项“在申请之前，需要充分考虑”最符合原文内容表述；B选项“学生应该避免捷径”表述错误，作者只是希望学生们可以多思考一下以免将来后悔自己的决定，并非不能通过这种方式进入大学；C选项“匆忙做决定无益”不可由文章总结得出，作者只是希望学生能从多方面考量之后再提前申请学校；D选项“作者不应该提前申请学校”与原文内容不符，作者只是没有考虑好自己的意向学校，并非不能申请。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题干询问：从文中我们可以明白，作者似乎是……。A选项regretful表示“遗憾的，后悔的”；B选项optimistic表示“乐观的”；C选项gloomy表示“忧郁的”；D选项sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通过自己提前申请学校后又对学校不满意进而转学的经验指出，大家在提前申请学校时一定要考虑好自己想要什么，不要轻易受别人影响。由此可见，作者对于自己的这次申请经验比较遗憾，因此本题正确答案为A选项。

3.单选题

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。

4.翻译题

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.

Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.

4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.

ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.

5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.

Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.

Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.

【答案】1.那些靠救济金过活的人工资更低，人生后期也会经历更多次的失业，因为他们在性格形成期已经失去了获得技能和自信的机会。

2.有两个因素起了很大作用。首先，西方的长期放缓生产速度减少了对劳动力的需求，年轻人比老员工更容易被解雇。其次，在新兴经济体中，劳动力市场功能失调的国家，如印度和埃及，人口增长却最快。

3.有些公司经历了衰退的整个过程，却仍然抱怨找不到合适的年轻技术工人。这强调了另外两个解决方案的重要性：改革劳动力市场和改善教育。这些措施广为人知，但是要做出这些改革，还需要新的勇气和新策略。

4.更廉价的方法是改革经济中急需劳动力的企业——例如，简化小型企业的注册程序，简化建筑公司招标的审批程序，让商店更容易地在晚上照常营业等等。

5.重要的不仅是人们受教育的年限，还有教育的内容。这意味着扩大科技研究，缩小理论教育和实际用工之间的差距。比如，可以通过升级职业教育和技术教育，将学校和公司更紧密地联系起来等等方式加以实现。

6.应用技术也可以减少培训成本：可将培训设计成电脑游戏，从而让年轻人得到虚拟体验。同时，在线课程可以帮助学徒把在职培训内容与大学课程融合起来。

7.政府正努力解决教育和劳动力市场之间的不匹配问题。公司开始在投资年轻人方面承担起更多的责任。应用某些技术也有助于推行教育和培训的民主化。

5.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizespatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerXdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis

B.Managercannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions

C.Managerintuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently

问题5选项

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由题干中关键词seniormanagers定位到文章第三段。第三段说到seniormanagers在五个不同方面使用直觉，其中第一点、第三点和第五点分别对一个选项B、C和A，因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:2.推理判断题。本题定位段十分明确。A选项“他们批评管理人员没有遵循经典的理性决策模式”源自本段中“Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality”，一些作者认为直觉位于理性决策的对立面，但并未提及这些作者批评管理人员的行为；B选项“他们的分析并没有建立在足够大的实际管理者样本的基础上”在本段中并未提及；C选项“他们依赖于管理者说了什么得出结论，而不是管理者做了什么”同样并未提及；D选项“他们误解了管理者在做商业决策时是如何利用直觉的”，由第三段开头可知，之前的这些作者都没有认识到管理人员在决策过程中是如何使用直觉的，说明第二段中提到的几点都只是这些作者们的误解，所以D选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。本题比较的关键是靠直觉决策与分析后决策。第一段就对这两个类型做了比较。A选项“经理X首先分析，然后采取行动”这个类型对应的是第一段提到的分析后决策类管理者，排除A选项；B选项“X经理通过系统分析来检查问题的可能解决方案”同样对应分析决策类管理者的行为；D选项“经理X利用多年的实践经验为问题创建解决方案”，说到“实践经验”显然与“直觉”相违背；只有C选项“经理X采取行动，以达到问题的解决方案”符合第一段第二句中对于依靠直觉决策的管理者的描述，因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。A选项“依赖直觉的管理者比依赖正式决策分析的管理者更成功”是对文章用意的歪曲，第一段第一句说到“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodel…”，大多数成功的高级管理者并没有遵循经典的理性分析模式，但下文是针对大多数高级管理人员的决策模式讲解，并没有比较两种模式之间谁更成功；B选项“管理者无法证明他们的直觉决定是正确的”在文中没有对应表述；C选项“管理者的直觉与他们的理性和分析能力背道而驰”，有悖于第三段中第四点的描述，这些管理者实际依然拥有理性分析能力；D选项“直觉使管理者能够更有效地运用他们的实践经验”对应第三段第二点，他们依靠多年时间磨练和亲身体验培养出的技能做出直觉判断，也就是说他们能高效运用实践经验。

第5题:5.篇章结构题。文章第一段，显然是先给出了传统模式，再抛出新的模式，B选项“传统的模型被摒弃，取而代之的是另一种模型”符合文意。A选项“给出了一个断言并给出了一个具体的支持示例”；C选项“介绍和总结了近年来的研究成果”；D选项“提出并评价了两种相反的观点”。

6.单选题

Tiredofurbanlife,Jenifermakesuphermindtobuildherownhomeinaregionwherewildlife（）.

问题1选项

A.abounds

B.exceeds

C.amplifies

D.sustains

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项abound表示“大量存在，盛产，充满”，B选项exceed表示“超越，胜过”，C选项amplify表示“放大；扩大”，D选项sustain表示“维持（生命、生存）；保持；支撑”。由句意可知，珍妮弗因为厌倦城市生活，所以决心在野生动物丰富的地区建造自己的家。定语从句的主语是wildlife，缺少谓语动词。对比四个选项，只有A选项词义最符合原文句意，故A选项为本题正确答案。

7.单选题

Theprisonerhasbeen（）ofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.

问题1选项

A.ensures

B.informed

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“保证”；B选项inform“通知”；C选项deprive“使丧失；剥夺”；D选项convince“说服；使确信”。句意：这个囚犯……享有普通公民所享有的许多特权。囚犯与公民自然有区别，公民享有的许多特权不是囚犯能享有的，因此C选项“剥夺”符合句意。

8.单选题

Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin（）placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

问题1选项

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项brilliant表示“绝妙的；杰出的；聪颖的；明亮的”，B选项respective表示“分别的，各自的”，C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”，D选项remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我们邻居把他们孩子的文凭框挂在客厅墙上显眼的地方。因此，C选项conspicuous符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

9.单选题

Thepoliceare（）theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.

问题1选项

A.verifying

B.acknowledging

C.expressing

D.confessing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项verify“核实；查证”；B选项acknowledge“承认；答谢；报偿”；C选项express“表达；快递”；D选项confess“承认；坦白；忏悔”。句意：警察通过询问几个证人来……囚犯的供词。证人的意义在于“核实”，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare（）asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

问题1选项

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer“参考，涉及"；perceive“理解，认知”;recommend“推荐，介绍”;presume“假定，推测”。句意：研究发现，那些有更多眼神交流的求职者会给人更机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Ijustlearntfrom’'InterculturalEducation"coursethatanEnglishmanseldom（）aconversationamongstrangers.

问题1选项

A.breaksdown

B.givesriseto

C.initiates

D.resumes

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和词组。A选项breakdown表示“分解，发生故障”，B选项giveriseto表示“使发生，引起”，C选项initiates表示“启动，开始”，D选项resume表示“重新开始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我刚从“跨文化教育”课程中了解到，英国人很少与陌生人对话。空缺处单词需与conversation构成动宾短语，表示“发起会话”，因此只有initiate最符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

12.单选题

Manyanimalshave（）thathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Thecoatsofsomeanimalsarecoloredtoadapttoitssurroundings.

问题1选项

A.adaptations

B.acquisitions

C.adjustments

D.additions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。adaptation“适应”;acquisition“获得，收购”;adjustment“调整，调节”；addition“添加，增加”。that后面是一个定语从句，用来修饰空格处的名词，“帮助它们逃脱敌人”，由此可知选项A符合题意。句意：很多动物具有适应性，能够帮助它们逃脱敌人。有些动物的皮毛能够适应周边环境而变色。

13.单选题

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUSpublicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.

Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthatprivateones.Itwastheunder-performingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.

Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducationsalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

1.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

2.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

3.Whatwasthesignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

4.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

问题1选项

A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

问题2选项

A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool'sneeds.

B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

问题3选项

A.Well-behavedstudents

B.Talentedwomenteachers

C.Efficientadministration

D.Generouspayforteachers

问题4选项

A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.

B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

问题5选项

A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D.Anever-growingnumberofadministration

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们能够从各种关于美国公共教育的研究中学到什么？”文中第一段最后一句话提到学生并未在能力考试中展现出学识有所增长（Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests）,这是为了说明“教育没有得到改善”，由此可看出能力测试一定程度上反映了教学质量，因此选项A的表述是错误的，排除；第四段提到了公立学校和私立学校之争，但未明确指出公立学校是因为资源短缺而流失优等生，因此选项B表述不正确，排除；第一段第二句提到美国公立学校教职工数量的增长速度约是学生的两倍(staffandteachers...grow…twiceasfastasstudents),因此选项D表述错误，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。

第2题:2.细节事实题。题目问的是“一些人是如何解释公共教育的衰退的？”文章第四段提到一些人简单地将公共教育体系的衰退归因于私立学校将高素质的学生招走（Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork），由此可知选项B符合题意。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题目问的是“公立学校过去辉煌的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到公立学校表现出色的一个突出原因是许多高素质的女性除了当老师或护士之外，几乎没有其他工作，她们接受了相对较低的工资和艰苦的工作条件，并尽了最大的努力（Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest）。由此可知选项B符合题意。

第4题:4.细节事实题。题目问的是“