2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号17

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.填空题

A:You’relate

B:（1）I?I’msorryImusthavelosttrackofthetime.HasMikearrived（2）?

A:Yes,he（3）hereabout15minutesago.He’sinthelavatorynow.

B:Oh,look!（4）heis!Hi,Mike!

C:Hi,Angela!It’sgoodtoseeyouagain.

A:Well,nowthateveryone’shere,Iguesswe’d（5）findacabandsetout.

【答案】Am;yet;arrived;Here/There;better

【解析】句意:

一一你迟到了。

1-2.语义题。一一是吗？抱歉，我一定是忘了时间了。迈克已经到了吗？

3.语义题。一一到了，他十五分钟之前就到了。他现在在厕所。

4.语义题。一一看！他在这里（那里）。你好，迈克！

一一你好，安吉利尔！很高兴再次见到你。

5.固定搭配。一一好了，现在我们都到齐了。我想我们最好叫辆出租车出发吧。

2.单选题

Finallyheloweredhisevesinashowofrespectandsaid,"Thatroomisreservedforhonoredguestsfromrichcountries."IwassoshockingthatIdidn'tknowhowtoreply.

问题1选项

A.loweredhisevesin

B.ashowofrespect

C.honoredguests

D.wassoshocking

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】形容词误用。shocking改为shocked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且说:"那个房间时专门招待富裕国家的尊客。"我感到非常震惊,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking令人震惊的。shocked感到震惊的。

3.填空题

Is（1）acarreallysuchagoodidea?Thinkofhowmuchfuelitwouldneed,andofthecostofmaintenanceandinsurance.Inthisneighborhoodyou’dprobablyhavetopayafeeto（2）itatnight.OnyoursalaryIreally（3）thatyoucan（4）it.Asafriend,Iwould（5）

youtowaituntilyourfinancialsituationimproves.

大意:买车真的是个好想法吗？想想它需要多少油耗，维修和保养要多少花费。在这附近，晚上，你可能需要付费停车。以你的工资，我真怀疑你能买得起。作为朋友，我建议，等你经济状况有所提高后再买。

【答案】1.buying

2.park

3.doubt

4.afford

5.advise

【解析】1.词汇题。此处应填一个动词的ing形式,宾语为acar。本段讲的应该是关于“购买一辆车”。

2.词汇题。句意:在这附近，晚上，你可能需要付费停车。因此此处填入动词原形park。

3.词汇题。句意:以你的工资，我真怀疑你能否买得起。

4.词汇题。此处应填一个动词,而且表示“买得起”,故填afford。

5.词汇题。空格处应填一个谓语动词,根据后面的内容推测此处应该是给与建议。因此填advise，advisesb.Todosth.建议某人做某事。

4.单选题

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定短语误用。applyto改为applyfor。applyto适用于…，应用于…。applyfor申请,请求。题干意思事"申请中国科学院的研究生”，故需要改为applyfor。

5.填空题

（1）

totheCanadianmedia,thereiswidespread（2）ofthegovernment'splantoreformhighereducation.Angry（3）againstthemeasurehavebeenorganizedinseveralmajorcities.

【答案】1.according;

2.criticism;

3.people

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根据。

2.语义题。第二空填名词，由后面的关键信息Angry和against可知填criticism(批评)符合题意。

3.语义题。第三空为主语的一部分,谓语动词为organized(组织),同时受Angry修饰，结合上下文可以填people。

6.填空题

Johnusedtodrinkheavilyatbusinessgatherings.Hisfriendsand（1）warnedhimnottodrivewhenhehadbeendrinking,buthealways（2）theirwarningsanddroveanyway.The（3）neverstoppedhimwhilehewasontheroad,soheconcludedthathewasanexcellentdriver（4）whenhewasdrunk.This,（5）,wasfalse,asheprovedoneeveningonhis（6）backfromadinnerwithclients.Verydrunk,hedrovethrougharedlightandcrashedintoanoncomingcarwithfivepassengers.Twowere

（7）instantly,twowereinjuredandone,thedriver,escapedunharmed.Johnsurvived,buthespenttwoandahalfmonthsinthehospital（8）fromhismanyinjuries.Afterhistrialhewassentto（9）forthreeyears.Hewasreleasedlastmonth.Nowheis（10）torebuildhislife.

【答案】1.colleagues

2.ignored

3.police

4.even

5.however

6.way

7.killed

8.recovering

9.jail

10.trying

【解析】1.语义题。由前一句中的“businessgatherings(商业聚会)”及本句的“friends(朋友)”推测此处应填“colleagues(同事)”。

2.逻辑分析。由关键词“but但是”及droveanyway不管怎样还是开车”知这里表示“忽视他们的警告”。

3.语义题。由关键词“stophim让他停下了”及“ontheroad在路上”可推知第三个空应填“police警察”。

4.逻辑分析。这里用even表示让步:即使喝醉了。

5.逻辑分析。However表示转折“然而”。

6.固定搭配。onone’sway在路上。

7.语义题。句意:两人当场死亡，两人受伤，一名司机毫发无伤地逃跑。

8.固定搭配。recoverfrom恢复,痊愈。而前面是spendtimein(花费时间做某事),后面应接动词的ing形式。所以这里填recovering。

9.语义题。后面句子说:Hewasreleasedlastmonth(他上个月被释放),所以前面说“被判入狱”。

10.语义题。句意:现在他正在尝试重建他的生活。

7.单选题

1.Twelvemonthsago,LululemonAthleticawasoneofthehottestbrandsintheworld.Salesofitshigh-pricedyogagearwereexploding;thecompanywasexpandingintonewmarkets;expertswereinaweofits“cult-likefollowing.”Asoneobserverputit,“They’remorethanapparel.They’realifestyle.”Butthencustomersstartedcomplainingaboutpillingfabrics,bleedingdyesand,mostmemorably,yogapantssothinthattheyeffectivelybecametransparentwhenyoubentover.Lululemon'sfoundermadethingsworsebysuggestingthatsomewomenweretoofattowearthecompany’sclothes.AndthatwastheendofLululemon’scharmedexistence:thefoundersteppeddownfromhismanagementrole,and,afewweeksago,thecompanysaidthatithadseensales“deceleratemeaningfully.”

2.It’satruismofbusinessschoolthinkingthatacompany'sbrandisits“mostimportantasset,”morevaluablethantechnologyorpatentsormanufacturingprowess.Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.Thereasonissimple:consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.AbsoluteValue,anewbookbyItamarSimonson,amarketingprofessoratStanford,andEmanuelRosen,aformersoftwareexecutive,showsthat,historically,theriseofbrandswasaresponsetoaninformation-poorenvironment.Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality;ifacarwasmadebyGeneralMotors,oraketchupbyHeinz,peopleassumedthatitwasprettygood.Itwashardtofigureoutifanewproductfromanunfamiliarcompanywasreliableornot,sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.Asrecentlyasthe1980s,nearlyfour-fifthsofAmericancarbuyersstayedloyaltoabrand.

3.Todayconsumerscanreadreamsofresearchaboutwhatevertheywanttobuy.This

startedbackwithConsumerReports,whichpublishedobjectivestudiesofproducts,andwithJDPower'squalityrankings,whichrevealedwhatordinarycustomersthoughtofthecarstheyhadbought.Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories.ArecentPricewaterhouseCoopersstudyfoundthat80percentofconsumerslookatonlinereviewsbeforemakingmajorpurchases,andahostofstudieshaveloggedthestronginfluencethosereviewshaveonthedecisionspeoplemake.Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:adudproductcanbecomealaughingstockinamatterofhours.IntheolddaysyoumightbuyaSonytelevisionsetbecauseyouhadownedonebefore,orbecauseyoutrustedthebrand.TodaysuchconsiderationsmattermuchlessthanreviewsonAmazonandEngadgetandCNET.AsSimonsontoldme,“eachproductnowhastoproveitselfonitsown.”

4.Ithasbeenarguedthatthewelterofinformationwillactuallymakebrandsmorevaluable.AstheinfluentialconsultancyInterbrandputsit,“Inaworldwhereconsumersareoftenoverwhelmedwithinformation,theroleabrandplaysinpeople’sliveshasbecomeallthemoreimportant.”Butinformationoverloadislargelyamyth.“Mostconsumerslearnveryquicklyhowtogetagreatdealofinformationefficientlyandeffectively,”Simonsonsays."Mostofusfigureouthowtofindwhatwe’relookingforwithoutspendinghugeamountsoftimeonline."Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.Only25percentofAmericanrespondentsinarecentErnst&Youngstudysaidthatbrandloyaltyaffectedhowtheyshopped.

5.Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance—thepercentageofbrand-loyalcarbuyershasplummetedinthepasttwentyyears—andthepricepremiumthatarecognizedbrandcanchargehasshrunk.Ifyouaremakingabetterproduct,youcanstillchargemore,but,ifyourproductismuchlikethatofyourcompetitors,yourpriceneedstobesimilartoo.Thatistheclearestindicationthattheeconomicvalueofbrands—traditionallyassessedbythepremiumacompanycouldcharge—iswaning.Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct(Coca-Cola,say),orwheretheyconferstatus,aswithluxurygoods.Butevenheretheinformationdelugeistransformative;luxurytravel,forinstance,hasbeenprofoundlyaffectedbywebsiteslikeTripAdvisor.

6.Forconsumersthisisideal:theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices.Andtheyarenottheonlybeneficiaries;upstartsnowfinditeasiertocompetewiththebigboys.Ifyoubuildabettermousetrap,peoplewillsoonknowaboutit.Adecadeago,personal-computercompanieslikeAsusandAcerhadalmostnobrandidentityoutsideTaiwan.Nowtheyaremajorplayers.Roku,amakerofstreamingentertainmentdevices,hasthrivedeventhoughitsproductshavetocompetewithsimilaronesmadebyApple(whichisusuallycitedastheworld'smostvaluablebrand).AndtheKoreancarmakerHyundaihasgonefrombeingajoketosellingfourmillioncarsayear.Formuchofthe20thcentury,consumermarketswerestable.Todaytheyaretumultuous,andyouareonlyasgoodasyourlastproduct.ForbrandslikeLululemonthereisonlyoneconsolation:makesomethingreallygreatandyourpastsinswillbeforgotten.

1.AccordingtotextA,whichwaspublishedrecently,withinthepastyearLululemonAthletica（

）.

2.Thebestoppositeoftheverbtodecelerate(usedinparagraph1)isto（

）.

3.Acompany'sbrandisits“mostimportantasset”'(paragraph2).TextA（

）.

4.Americanconsumersusedtobeloyaltobrands（

）.

5.Inparagraph3,socialmediaarementioned（

）.

6.BasedontheevidencepresentedintextA,（

）

7.Tojudgefromwhathewrites,theauthoroftextA（

）.

8.TheauthorcitesHyundaiasanexampleofafirmthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.hasemergedasanewreligiousgroup.

B.hassuccessfullypersuadedoverweightwomentoavoidwearingyogapants,

C.bothoftheabove.

D.neitheroftheabove.

问题2选项

A.bumup.

B.speedup.

C.growup.

D.riseup.

问题3选项

A.offersabundantsupportforthisview.

B.showsthatthestatementwaseventruerinthepastthanitisinthe21stcentury

C.showsthatthisviewhasalwaysbeenfalse.

D.suggeststhatthisviewisincreasinglyoutofdate.

问题4选项

A.becausetheyeitherweretoobusyorlackedtheeducationtoseekreliableinformationonproductquality

B.becauseoftheimpactofadvertising,whichineffectprogrammedconsumerstorespondtothecalculatedappealofcertainbrands

C.thatexperiencehadtaughtthemtotrustinordertoreducethelikelihoodofmakingcostlymistakes

D.thattheyhadlearnedtorecognizeovertheyearsbyreadingConsumerReportsorsimilarpublications

问题5选项

A.asamajorfactorintheInternet'serosionofwhatremainsofbrandloyalty.

B.asanexampleofhowconsumersgainaccesstoexpertopiniononproductquality.

C.toshowthatbrandloyaltyisgrowingastheinternethelpspeopletoavoidundesirableproductsassociatedwithquestionablebrands.

D.asanexampleofwhatadvertiserscandotostrengthentheappealofabrand.

问题6选项

A.onecansafelypredictthatbrandswillsoonceasetobeafeatureofmarketing.

B.itisclearthatexpertsallagreeonhowthenewabundanceofproductinformationwillaffectconsumerchoices.

C.thereappearstobecontinuingdisagreementoverthefuturevalueofbrandsasamarketingtool.

D.itseemsthatprofessionalmarketanalystssharetheviewthatbrandloyaltywillreemergefollowingtheongoingtumult,whichistheresultofrapidtechnologicalchange.

问题7选项

A.suggeststhattheriseoftheinternet,andaboveallofsocialmedia,doombrand-basedcommerce.

B.feelsthatconsumersarebeingwellservedbythevastincreaseinaccesstoproductinformationonline.

C.believesthatthetrendsheoutlineswillmakeiteasierforbigcompaniestocontinuetodominateconsumermarkets.

D.thinksthatcompanieswillbeabletousetheinternettodesignproductsthatreflectconsumerpreferencesmoreeffectively.

问题8选项

A.oncehadapoorreputationbutisnowsuccessfulinitsindustry.

B.hassolveditsearlierimageproblembysellingmillionsofautomobiles.

C.offersevidenceofthegreatstabilityofconsumermarketsinthe20thcentury

D.showshowimportanthumorisinmarketingproductstotoday’sconsumers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:112个月前，露露柠檬公司还是世界上炙手可热的品牌之一。它的昂贵的瑜咖装备的销量激增,但是之后消费者们开始抱怨容易起球的布料，会褪色的染料，以及最显著的瑜伽裤子实在太薄了，以至于当你弯腰时裤子实际上就变得透明。露露柠檬公司的创始人的言论使得情况雪上加霜，他暗指一些女性是因为太胖，才穿不下公司的衣服。由此推测D项正确。

2.词义题。第一段最后一句中的“deceleratemeaningfully.”最可能指代“公司的销售减速”，由此它的反义词是“加速”。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.但是品牌从未像如今这般脆弱不堪”及第三句“Thereasonissimple:consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.理由很简单：现在的消费者消息非常灵通，与其依赖品牌形象，更愿意去调查产品的真实价值”知D项“暗示这种观念正在渐渐过时"正确。

4.细节事实题。第二段:Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality(当消费者不得不依赖广告以及他们在该公司的购物体验时，品牌起到了产品质量代言人的作用),以及后面指出:...sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.所以品牌忠诚度是一个降低风险的方式,由此可知知C项“经验教会他们信任品牌，以减少犯代价昂贵的错误的可能性”正确。

5.细节事实题。第三段指出:Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories(然而真正削弱了品牌力量的是互联网，网络使得普通消费者也可以很容易地获取分门别类的专业评价、用户评价，以及详细的产品数据),以及后面:Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:...(社交媒体的出现己在一个令人惊讶的程度上假设了这种趋势（即削弱了品牌力量的趋势)，由此可知A项“已成为互联网削弱品牌忠诚度的一个主要因素”正确。

6.推理判断题。根据第四段第六句“Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.这导致消费者忠诚度的讲法成为过去”及第五段中“Thisisn'ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）,这并非一概而论：品牌保留价值，因为品牌联想是产品体验不可或缺的一部分(如可口可乐)”知C项“在品牌作为营销工具的未来价值上貌似存在持续的争议”正确。

7.推理判断题。由第五段中“Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）这并非一概而论：品牌保留价值，因为品牌联想是产品体验不可或缺的一部分(如可口可乐)”知A项“暗示互联网的出现，尤其是社交媒体的出现使基于品牌的商业失败”的说法过于绝对；第五段:Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance...(对已确定的品牌而言，这是一个噩梦，你决不能不费力气或没有麻烦地依靠你之前的功绩),由此可知C项“认为他例举的趋势将让大企业更容易继续去支配消费者市场”不正确。D项“认为企业将能利用互联网去设计更能有效地反应消费者喜好的产品”在文中没有提及。第六段:Forconsumersthisisideal:theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices(对消费者而言，他们在在做更好的选择，提高的竞争提升了产品的质量且也降低了产品价格)。可知B“认为消费者通过大量获取互联网上的产品信息而正受到得到更好的服务”正确。

8.推理判断题。根据第六段中“AndtheKoreancarmakerHyundaihasgonefrombeingajoketosellingfourmillioncarsayear.而且，韩国汽车生产者现代集团己从一个笑话变成一个每年销售四百万汽车的企业”知A项“曾经声誉不好，但现在在它的行业却获得了成功”正确。

8.填空题

Ihave（1）goodnewsforyou:Johnhas（2）tobuyyouroldmotorcycle.

【答案】1.some

2.decided

【解析】1.语义题。句意:告诉你一些好消息。

2.固定搭配。Decidetodo决定…。

9.填空题

Ourinitialfieldworksite（1）outtobecompletelyunsuitable.Ourteam（2）overaweektherebeforewerecognizedthatwe（3）neverfindthequalityoffossilswewere（4）forinthatspot.

【答案】1.turned;

2.worked;

3.would;

4.looking

【解析】1.固定搭配。turnouttobe被发现是，结果是。而且此处应为过去式turned。

2.语义题。第二空填不及物动词,因此worked符合句意。

3.语法分析。第三空填would表示过去将来时。

4.固定搭配。wewerefor是定语从句修饰thequalityoffossils,那么第四空可填现在分词looking,构成lookfor“寻找”。

10.单选题

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

问题1选项

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】时态错误。hegoestobed改为weretogotobed,主句和从句部分都是表示与将来事实相反，主句用would/could+动词原形，从句用wereto/should+动词原形。

11.单选题

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists•or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof£768monrevenuesof£2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat（

）

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation（

）.

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals（

）.

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,（

）.

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means（

）.

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs（

）.

7.Paragraph18（

）.

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who（

）.

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

问题2选项

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

问题3选项

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

问题4选项

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

问题5选项

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

问题6选项

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

问题7选项

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

问题8选项

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

问题9选项

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思为“文章B开始的段落似乎为了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人们普遍认为,在过去一个世纪或更多时间调停这个交换（即科研成果）的期刊出版商正成为该调停的障碍。可知B项“商业出版商正越来越被看成是科学的消极因素”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外，仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会，作去世界上第二大慈善科研资金来源的英国维康信托基金会，也坚持要求那些接受它支持的对象必须公开科研成果)。由此可知A项“一个重要的科研资金提供者”正确.。

3.细节事实题。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(对期刊出版商的批评通常归结为两件事，一是他们的过程需要几个月，当互联网允许他们花上几天的时间时，另一个是因为每一份报纸都像一个小的垄断，如果他们想提高自己的阅读水平，这一领