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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

ThepanelofdistinguishedscientistsgatheredinCambridgetodiscusstheevidencesinsupportofDr.Thistlethwaite’srevolutionaryhypothesis.

问题1选项

A.Thepanelofdistinguishedscientists

B.inCambridge

C.discusstheevidencesin

D.supportof

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。名词的单复数。evidences改为evidence。evidence:表示证据,只能用单数。

2.单选题

9.Ifthereisanyendeavourwhosefruitsshouldbefreelyavailable,thatendeavourissurelypubliclyfinancedscience.Morally,taxpayerswhowishtoshouldbeabletoreadaboutitwithoutfurtherexpense.Andscienceadvancesthroughcross-fertilizationbetweenprojects.Barrierstothatexchangeslowitdown.

10.Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit.OneofthelatestconvertsistheBritishgovernment.OnJuly16itannouncedthat,from2013,theresultsoftaxpayer-financedresearchwouldbeavailable,freeandonline,foranyonetoreadandredistribute.

11.Britain’sgovernmentisnotalone.OnJuly17theEuropeanUnionfollowedsuit.Itproposesmakingresearchpaidforbyitsnextscientific-spendinground-whichrunsfrom2014to2020,andwillhandoutabout€80billion,or$100billion,ingrants-similarlyeasytogetholdof.InAmerica,theNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH,thesinglebiggestsourceofcivilianresearchfundsintheworld)hasrequiredopen-accesspublishingsince2008.AndtheWellcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree.

12.Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown.Thepublishersthushavescientists•or,moreaccurately,theiruniversities,whichpaythesubscriptions-inanarmlock.That,combinedwiththefactthattherawmaterial(manuscriptsofpapers)isfree,leadstogenerousreturns.In2011Elsevier,alargeDutchpublisher,madeaprofitof£768monrevenuesof£2.06billion-amarginof37%.Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymanypeoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany’sjournals.

13.Publishersdoprovideaservice.Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo).Theyalsosortthescientificsheepfromthegoats,bydecidingwhatgetspublished,andwhere.Thatgivesthepublishershugepower.Sinceresearchers,administratorsandgrant-awardingbodiesalltakenoteofwhichworkhasgotthroughthisfilteringmechanism,thecompetitiontopublishinthebestjournalsisintense,andthesystembecomesself-reinforcing,increasingthevalueofthosejournalsstillfurther.

14.Butnot,perhaps,formuchlonger.Supporthasbeenswellingforopen-accessscientificpublishing:doingitonline,inawaythatallowsanyonetoreadpapersfreeofcharge.Themovementstartedamongscientiststhemselves,butgovernmentsarenow,asBritain'sannouncementmakesclear,payingattentionandaskingwhethertheytoomightbenefitfromthechange.

15.TheBritishannouncementfollowedthepublicationofareportbyDameJanetFinch,asociologistattheUniversityofManchester,whichrecommendsencouragingabusinessmodeladoptedbyoneofthepioneersofopen-accesspublishing,thePublicLibraryofScience.Thisorganization,acharitybasedinSanFrancisco,chargesauthorsafee(between$1,350and$2,900,thoughitiswaivedincasesofhardship)andthenmakestheirpapersavailableovertheinternetfornothing.ForPLoS,asthecharityiswidelyknown,thisworkswell.Ithaslaunchedsevenwidelyrespectedelectronicjournalssinceitsfoundationin2000.Forreasonslostinhistory,thisisknownasthegoldmodel.

16.TheNIH’sapproachisdifferent.Itletsresearcherspublishintraditionaljournals,butonconditionthat,withinayear,theyposttheirpapersonafree"repository"websitecalledPubMed.Journalshavetoagreetothis,orbeexcludedfromtheprocess.Thisisknownasthegreenmodel.

17.Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.Manyscientists,physicistsinparticular,nowuploaddraftsoftheirpapersintopublicarchivespaidforbynetworksofuniversitiesforthegeneralgood.(Themostpopularisknownas"arXivn,themiddleletterbeingaGreekchi.)Here,manuscriptsaresubjecttoaruthlessprocessofopenpeerreview,ratherthanthesecretsorttraditionalpublishersemploy.AnarXivedpapermayendupinatraditionaljournal,butthatismerelytoprovideapublicmarkofapprovalfortheresearchteamwhowroteit.Itsactualpublicationanditsvaluetootherscientistsdatefromitsoriginalarrivalonline.

18.ThesuccessofPLoS,andthepoliticalshifttowardsopenaccess,isencouragingothernewventurestoo.Seeingthewritingonthewall,severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing.Meanwhile,laterthisyearacoalitionoftheWellcomeTrust,theMaxPlanckInstitute(whichrunsmanyofGermany'sleadinglaboratories)andtheHowardHughesMedicalInstitutewillpublishthefirsteditionofeLife,anopen-accessjournalwithambitionstorivalthemostfamousjournalofthelot,Nature.Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee.

19.Muchremainstobeworkedout.Somefearthelossofthetraditionaljournals*curationandverificationofresearch.EvenSirMarkWalport,thedirectoroftheWellcomeTrustandafierceadvocateofopen-accesspublication,worriesthatasystembasedonthegreenmodelcouldbecomefragmented.ThatmighthappenifthenewlyliberatedpapersendedupindifferentplacesratherthanbeingconsolidatedinthewaytheNIHinsistson.ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications.

20.Arevolution,then,hasbegun.Technologypermitsit;researchersandpoliticianswantit.

Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.

1.TheopeningparagraphsoftextBseemtoindicatethat(

2.AccordingtotextB,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundation(

).

3.TextBstatesthatpeoplewhoareunhappywithpublishersofscientificjournals(

).

4.Whenscientificpaperspassthroughpeerreview,(

).

5.Thewordegregiousinparagraph12means(

).

6.InthepublicationmodelsdescribedintextB,peerreviewoccurs(

).

7.Paragraph18(

).

8.TowardstheendoftextB,theauthormentionstheconcernsofSirMarkWalport,who(

).

9.IfonecomparestextAandtextB,onecanseethat(

).

问题1选项

A.scientistsareangeredbythepublicationpracticesthattheyconfrontintheirwork.

B.commercialpublishersareincreasinglyseenasanegativefactorinscience.

C.commercialpublishersareneededmorethaneverinordertoseparategoodresearchfrompoorresearch.

D.lessgoodresearchisappearingasaresultofthecontrolexercisedbyjournalpublishers.

问题2选项

A.isaveryimportantprovideroffundingforscientificresearch.

B.requiresthatresearcherssupportedbytheFoundationmaketheirfindingsfreelyavailabletothepublic.

C.followstheexamplesetbytheNIHinAmerica.

D.hasamonopolyonanyresearchresultsproducedbyscientistsitsupports.

问题3选项

A.objecttotheirslownessandthehighcostofthejournals.

B.thinkthatsuchjournalsshouldbeabolishedasanobstacletofreespeech.

C.criticizeabovealltheunfairnessofchoosingsomearticlesforpublicationandnotothers.

D.blamethemfortheslowpaceofscientificprogressinrecentyears.

问题4选项

A.theyarebeinggradedandassignedtodifferentlevelsofpublication.

B.governmentofficialsdecidewhatresearchisworthyofpublication.

C.researchersarebeingpaidtocriticizetheworkoffellowresearchers.

D.scientistsareevaluatingtheworkofotherscientistsintheirfield

问题5选项

A.somewhatunfavorable

B.quiteunnecessary

C.strikinglyunreasonable

D.clearlybizarre

问题6选项

A.beforepublicationinthefirsttwo,afterpublicationinthethird

B.insecretandwithoutthenameofthereviewersbeingknown

C.forpapersinsomescientificfieldsbutnotinothers

D.inexactlythesameway.Peerreviewisnotanissue

问题7选项

A.seemstoindicatethatmostjournalpublishersareresistinganychange.

B.makesitclearthatthepresentpublishingarrangementsaredoomed

C.providessupportforthestrongassertionsinthefinalparagraphofthetext.

D.ineffectpredictsthatthecommercialpublisherswillwininthestrugglewithfreeopen-accesspublication.

问题8选项

A.fearsthatthequalityofscientificpublishingiscurrentlyindecline.

B.stronglysupportsthegreenmodelovercurrentarrangementsandotherpublishingmodels.

C.believesthattheweaknessesofthegreenmodelcaneasilyberemediedbytheuseofopen-accessrepositorywebsitesforresearch.

D.worriesthatgoodpaperspublishedinopen-accessjournalsandrepositoriesmaynotreceivetheattentionthattheydeserve.

问题9选项

A.bothtextsarestraightforwardreports,i.e.objectivepresentationsoffacts.

B.textBisbasicallyadiscussionessayadvancingcertainopinions,whiletextAisasimplereport.

C.bothtextsareintendedtowinthereaderovertocertainviews.

D.textAisintendedtowinsupportforacertaindirectioninresearch,whereastextBexplainsadilemmainstraightforwardterms,withouttakingapositionofanysort

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干意思为“文章B开始的段落似乎为了指出……”。第十段指出:Thereisawidespreadfeelingthatthejournalpublisherswhohavemediatedthisexchangeforthepastcenturyormorearebecominganimpedimenttoit(人们普遍认为,在过去一个世纪或更多时间调停这个交换(即科研成果)的期刊出版商正成为该调停的障碍。可知B项“商业出版商正越来越被看成是科学的消极因素”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第11段:AndtheWelcomeTrust,aBritishfoundationthatistheworld'ssecond-biggestcharitablesourceofscientificmoney,aftertheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,alsoinsiststhatthosewhoreceiveitssupportmaketheirworkavailablefree(另外,仅次于比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会,作去世界上第二大慈善科研资金来源的英国维康信托基金会,也坚持要求那些接受它支持的对象必须公开科研成果)。由此可知A项“一个重要的科研资金提供者”正确.。

3.细节事实题。由第十二段第一句指出:Criticismofjournalpublishersusuallyboilsdowntotwothings,Oneisthattheirprocessestakemonths,whentheinternetcouldallowthemtotakedays,Theotheristhatbecauseeachpaperislikeamini-monopoly,whichworkersinthefieldhavetoreadiftheyaretoadvancetheirownresearch,thereisnoincentivetokeepthepricedown(对期刊出版商的批评通常归结为两件事,一是他们的过程需要几个月,当互联网允许他们花上几天的时间时,另一个是因为每一份报纸都像一个小的垄断,如果他们想提高自己的阅读水平,这一领域的工作人员必须阅读,没有降价的空间),可知A项“抗议他们(出版商)的速度慢和期刊的高价格”正确。

4.细节事实题。题干说“当科学论文通过同行评审时…”。第十三段:Theyorganizepeerreview,inwhichpapersarecriticizedanonymouslybyexperts(thoughthoseexperts,liketheauthorsofpapers,areseldompaidforwhattheydo)(他们(即出版商)组织同行评审,在该评审中专家们不具名地对论文进行评论(但是这些专家如论文的作者样很少为自己的工作而得到报酬))。由此可知D项“科学家将评价自己领域其它科学家的工作”正确。

5.词义题。根据题干定位至第十二段:Indeed,Elsevier'sprofitsarethoughtsoegregiousbymany

peoplethat12,000researchershavesigneduptoboycottthecompany'sjournals(的确,爱思唯尔(世界领先的科技及医学出版公司)的利润被许多人认为是如此……,以致1.2万名研究者签名去联合抵制这家公司的期刊)。由此推测egregious的意思为“非常不合理的;过分的”。

6.细节事实题。由第17段中“Bothgoldandgreenmodelsinvolvepre-publicationpeerreview.Butathirddoesawaywitheventhat.金色和绿色模式涉及出版前同行评审,但是第三种模式经常不用在出版前进行同行评审”知A项“在前两种(出版模式)中发生在出版前,在第三中(出版模式)发生在出版后”正确

7.推理判断题。第十八段:Thedeeppocketsoftheseorganizationsmeanthat,forthefirstfewyearsatleast,thisjournalwillnotevenrequireapublicationfee(这些组织的雄厚财力意味着至少在前几年这个期刊将甚至不需要出版费)及第二句:severalcommercialpublishersareexperimentingwithgold-modelpublishing(几个商业出版商正在试用金色模式的出版)。可推知“作者对传统的科学期刊出版商的担忧”,这为第二十段中的“Ifscientificpublishersarenottremblingintheirboots,theyshouldbe.如果科学出版商没有觉得担心的话,那么他们应该开始担心了”提供了论据支持,故C项“为文章最后一段中的有力的断言提供了支持”正确。

8.推理判断题。根据题干定位至文章后面第十九段:ButresearchjustpublishedinBMCMedicine(anopen-accessjournalfromSpringer)suggestspapersinopen-accessjournalsareaswidelycitedasthoseintraditionalpublications(但是《BMC医学》(斯普林格的一个开放阅览期刊)最近公布的调查显示开放阅览期刊被引用的广泛程度和传统期刊一样多)中的but“但是”表转折的对应可推测“MarkWalport先生担心开放阅览期刊相比传统期刊可能收不到应有的关注”,由此知D项“担心发布在开放阅览期刊和存放处上的好论文可能受不到它们应有的关注”正确。

9.主旨大意题。文章A中最后一段引用教授JamesHorne的话来对教授Dijk的研究进行评价及文章A全文都在用报告的方式进行叙述,因此文章A是一个简单的报告文章,而文章B中大多数段落如第13段首句“Publishersdoprovideaservice.出版商确实也提供服务”、第19段首句“Muchremainstobeworkedout.还需要解决很多事情”等提出观点后再论证”知文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文,由此知B项“文章B基本上是提出某些观点的一个议论文,而文章A是一篇简单的报告文章”正确;

3.单选题

1.Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfarmsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria.Farmersrespondedthatrestrictingantibioticsinlivestockwoulddevastatetheindustryandsignificantlyraisecoststoconsumers.Wenowhaveempiricaldatathatshouldresolvethisdebate.Sine1995Denmarkhasenforcedprogressivelytighterrulesontheuseofantibioticsintheraisingofpigs,poultryandotherlivestock.Intheprocess,ithasshownthatitispossibletoprotecthumanhealthwithouthurtingfarmers.

2.Farmersinmanycountriesuseantibioticsintwokeyways:(1)atfullstrengthtotreatanimalsthataresickand(2)inlowdosestofattenmeat-producinglivestockortopreventveterinaryillnesses.(ItisillegalintheUStosellmilkforhumanconsumptionfromdairycattletreatedwithantibiotics.)Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor"sub-therapeutic"doseisaformulafordisaster:thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria.Thegermsthatsurvivearetypicallythosethathappentobeargeneticmutationsforresistingtheantibiotic.Theythenreproduceandexchangegeneswithothermicrobialresisters.Becausebacteriaarefoundliterallyeverywhere,resistantstrainsproducedinanimalseventuallyfindtheirwayintopeopleaswell.Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance.

3.Thedatafrommultiplestudiesovertheyearssupporttheconclusionthatlowdosesofantibioticsinanimalsincreasethenumberofdrug-resistantmicrobesinbothanimalsandpeople.AsJoshuaM.Scharfstein,aprincipaldeputycommissionerattheFoodandDrugAdministration,toldaUScongressionalsubcommitteelastsummer,"Youactuallycantracethespecificbacteriaaroundand....findthattheresistantstrainsinhumansmatchtheresistantstrainsintheanimals."AndthisscienceiswhatledDenmarktostopsub-therapeuticdosin^ofchickens,pigsandotherfarmanimals.

4.Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultryindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear.ButafterDanishfarmersstartedleavingsowsandpigletstogetherafewweekslongertobolsterthelittennates*immunesystemsnaturally,theanimals’weightsjumpedbackup,andthenumberofpigsperlitterincreasedaswell.Thelessonisthatimprovinganimalhusbandry——makingsurethatpens,stallsandcagesareproperlycleanedandgivinganimalsmoreroomortimetomature-offsetstheinitialnegativeimpactoflimitingantibioticuse.TodayDanishindustryreportsthatproductivityishigherthanbefore.MeanwhilereportsofantibioticresistanceinDanishpeoplearemixed,whichshows——asifweneededreminding——thattherearenoquickfixes.

5.LestanyonearguethatDenmarkistoosmalltoofferareasonableparalleltotheUS,considerthatitistheworld'slargestexporterofpork.LikeUSfarmers,Danesraisepigsonanintensive,industrialscale.Iftheycanfigureouthowtolimitantibioticusewhileactuallyincreasingagriculturalproductivity,thensocanAmericans.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation,theInfectiousDiseasesSocietyofAmerica,theAmericanPublicHealthAssociation,apreviousFDAcommissionerandmanyothershaveadvisedtheUStofollowsuit.LastyeartheFDApublishednewguidelinescallingfor’’judicioususe"ofantibiotics.Yetitultimatelyleftthedecisiononexactlywhenandwheretouseantibioticsuptoindividualfarmers.Thatlaissez-fairestandardisnotgoodenough,particularlywhenthehealthoftherestofthepopulationisatstake.

6.Ofcourse,thewayveterinaryantibioticsareusedisnottheonlycauseofhumandrug-resistantinfections.Carelessuseofthedrugsinpeoplealsocontributestotheproblem.Butagriculturaluseisstillamajorcontributingfactor.Everydaythatpassesbringsnewevidencethatweareindangeroflosingeffectiveantibioticprotectionagainstmanyofthemostdangerousbacteriathatcausehumanillness.Thetechnicalissuesaresolvable.Denmark'sexampleprovesthatitispossibletocutantibioticuseonfarmswithouttriggeringfinancialdisaster.Infact,itmightprovideacompetitiveadvantage.Strongermeasurestodeprivedrug-resistantbacteriaoftheiragriculturalbreedinggroundssimplymakescientific,economicandcommonsense.

1.Thisarticle(

).

2.Overthelasthalf-century,manyWesternscientistshaveexpressedconcernabouttheconsequencesof(

).

3.Thewordinadvertentlyinparagraph2means(

).

4.Thetoneofthefinalsentenceinparagraph2is(

).

5.WhentheDanishauthoritiesorderedfarmerstoceasegivinglowdosesofantibioticstotheirfarmanimals(

).

6.Accordingtothearticle,theDanishgovernment’sdecisionin1995tolimittheuseofantibioticsbyfarmers(

).

7.Theauthorarguesthat(

).

问题1选项

A.wasprobablywrittenprimarilyformicrobiologists

B.isastraightforwardaccountofrecentadvancesintheuseofantibiotics

C.ismainlyacriticalaccountofactionstakenbyDanishandUSfarmers

D.seemsintendedtocontributetoanongoingdebate

问题2选项

A.usingantibioticstotreathumandiseases

B.givingantibioticstofarmanimals

C.usingantibioticstospeedupweightgaininyoungfarmanimals

D.resistancetotheuseofantibioticsamongfarmersraisinganimals

问题3选项

A.bydesign

B.theoppositeofbydesign

C.deliberately

D.unfortunately

问题4选项

A.threatening

B.ironic

C.reassuring

D.neutral

问题5选项

A.thefarmersrefusedtocooperatewiththegovernment

B.alloftheanimalstooklongertoputonweight

C.youngpigsgainedlessweightintheirfirstyear

D.productivityquicklybegantorise

问题6选项

A.hasledtohealthierchickensbuttolesshealthypigs

B.hasprovokedconcernamongDanishfarmersaboutlong-termproductivityproblems

C.hassignificantlyimprovedthehealthofhumanbeingaswellasoffarmanimals

D.hasnotyetledtoanindisputabledropinantibioticresistanceamonghumanbeings

问题7选项

A.asmallcountrylikeDenmarkisaquestionablemodelforlargersocieties

B.theexperienceoftheDanishporkindustryisquiteapplicabletoanimalhusbandryinotherlargercountries

C.theUSisactuallytheonlyothercountrythatcanbenefitfromDanishexperience,atleastatpresent

D.Americanpigfarmersareveryunlikelytoacceptgovernment-imposedlimitsontheiruseofantibiotics

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先提出了美国和欧洲国家存在的一个争议话题“微生物学家提出不能在畜牧业方面使用抗生素,但农民群体却回应说停止使抗生素将会给畜牧行业带来灾难性后果”,随后文章围绕“抗生素使用的危害”以及“在畜牧行业停止使抗生素能否避免产生灾难性后果”这两方面的问题展开,因此可以推知文章主要是针对在畜牧业方面使用抗生素所引发的争论,故答案为D(似乎有助于现下的讨论)。

2.细节事实题。第一段:Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfamsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria(在过去的50年里,美国和欧洲国家的微生物学家警示说不能通过使用抗生素来增加家畜的重量。这种行为相当于是将农场变成了耐药菌的温床,从而对人类健康构成威胁)。因此科学家担心的是使用抗生素加速增加幼年家畜体重所带来的后果。

3.词义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor"sub-therapeutic"doseisaformulafordisaster:thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria。主句句意为:习惯性地使用少剂量的抗生素也会导致灾难性后果:使用的抗生素的确能够杀死细菌,但只是一部分。而且主从句之间为让步关系,因此推测从句句意为:虽然抗生素的合理使用只会在无意之中导致耐药菌的传播。因此选B“无意地”。

4.态度方向题。第二段最后一句:Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance。字面意思是“在保证抗生素抗药性的传播方面,你几乎不能找到更好的方式了”,实际意思是说当前抗生素使用现状为耐药菌的传播提供了最好的条件,故这句是一个反语,答案选项为B。

5.细节事实题。第四段:Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultiyindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear(虽然这一转变在制药业顺利展开,但猪的平均体重在第一年就下降了)。故选C。

6.细节事实题。第四段:TodayDanishindustryreportsthatproductivityishigherthanbefore.MeanwhilereportsofantibioticresistanceinDanishpeoplearemixed,whichshows——asifweneededreminding——thattherearenoquickfixes(现如今丹麦工业报告说生产率比以前高。与此同时,丹麦人对抗生素耐药性的报告也不尽相同,这表明——似乎我们需要提醒——没有捷径可走)。由此看出丹麦政府限制农民使用抗生素并不能在降低人的抗生素抗药性方面取得明显效果,故选D。

7.态度方向题。第五段:LikeUSfarmers,Danesraisepigsonanintensive,industrialscale.Iftheycanfigureouthowtolimitantibioticusewhileactuallyincreasingagriculturalproductivity,thensocanAmericans(和美国的农民一样,丹麦人也是以集中、规模化的方式饲养猪。如果丹麦人能够保证在限制抗生素使用的同时提高农业生产力,那么美国人也应该能够做到),由此推断作者认为丹麦在猪肉行业的经验是适用于其他大国的畜牧业的。故选B。

4.填空题

Thestoresaresocrowdedtodayandthefilmatthetheatreisterrible.(1)juststayhomeand(2)televisioninstead.Ofcourse,ifyou’dreally(3)goout,wecandothat.I’llleaveituptoyou.

句意:今天商店特别拥挤,剧院里面的电影也难看,我们还是待在家里看电视吧。当然,如果你真的想出去,我们可以出去。出去与否由你做决定。

【答案】1.Let’s

2.watch

3.rather

【解析】1.语义题。letus缩写为let’s后跟动词原形,表示提议。

2.固定搭配。看电视用watchtelevision。

3.语义题。句意:如果你真想出去,我们可以出去。

5.填空题

Mydaughterisrather(1)toairpollution,sowemakesurethatshewearsa(2)whenshegoestoschoolinthemorning,(3)ondayswhentheairqualityindexisbad.That’ssomethingweunfailinglycheckonlinewhilewe'reeatingbreakfast.

【答案】1.vulnerable;

2.mask;

3.especially/particularly

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定搭配。Bevulnerable(to)易遭受…。

2.语义题。第二空前面有一个a,因此此处应填名词,结合句意可知mask(口罩)合适。

3.语义题。第三空后面ondays...是修饰句子shewearsamask的时间状语,所以此处填入一个副词起修饰作用,故particularly“尤其”符合句意。

6.填空题

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe(1).

Couldyoucall(2)

(3)twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment现在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回电话。

3.语义题。此处表示二十分钟后。

7.单选题

Ihopethatwecanagreetotakeanunifiedapproachtodealingwiththeoppositiontoourprojectproposal.Weneedtocoordinateourefforts.

问题1选项

A.hopethatwecanagree

B.takeanunified

C.todealing

D.efforts

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。B项去掉冠词an。takeunifiedapproach采取一致的手段。

8.填空题

Mygrandfather’sheavyFujianaccent(1)hisChinesehardtounderstand(2)times.Ilovetotalktohim,butIoften(3)tounderstandthingshesays,soIhavetoaskhimto(4).Thisdoesn’t(5)him,,butitdoesme.Whenmymotherisaround,shehelpswhenshe(6)thatI’mhavingtrouble.TheproblemisthatI’venever(7)

anytimeinthesmalltown(8)theFujianoastwheremygrandfather(9)up.Mymother,whoalsolivedtheretillshewaseight,saysitsabeautifulplace.SheandIhavediscussedthepossibilityof(10)thetownwhilemygrandfatherisstillhealthy(11)tomakethetrip.Heisin(12)lateseventiesnowbutheleadsaveryactivelifeandhismindisassharpasever.

大意:

有时,我祖父明显的福建口音使他的中文很难让人理解。我喜欢和他说话,但是,我经常不理解他说的,所以我会要他再重复一遍。这并不困扰他,但是困扰我。当我妈妈在旁边时,当她发现我陷入麻烦时,她会帮我。问题是我从未在祖父长大的福建海岸附近的小镇上度过多少时光。我的妈妈也在那住到8岁,她说那个地方很美。我和妈妈己经讨论拜访这个小镇的可能性了,在我祖父的身体仍然很健康,能出去旅游的时候。但是,在他快80岁的时候,他的生活过得非常积极,他的思维和以前一样敏锐。

【答案】1.makes

2.at

3.fail

4.repeat

5.trouble

6.find

7.spent

8.near

9.grew

10.visiting

11.enough

12.his

【解析】1.词汇题。句意:我祖父明显的福建口音使他的中文让人很难理解。

2.固定搭配。Attimes有时候。

3.固定搭配。Failto不能/未能。

4.词汇题。句意:我经常不理解他说的,所以我会要他再重复一遍。

5.词汇题。前文说到听不懂祖父说的话,空格后面说“butitdoesme”,可知前文是说这件事并不困扰他祖父。

6.词汇题。句意:当她发现我陷入麻烦时,她会帮我。

7.词汇题。此处应填动词,宾语是anytime,根据前面的have判断时态为现在完成时,故填spent。

8.词汇题。句意:问题是我从未在祖父长大的福建海岸附近的小镇上度过多少时光。因此此处缺少表示地点的介词。

9.固定搭配。Growup长大。此处应为一般过去时。

10.词汇题。句意:我和妈妈己经讨论拜访这个小镇的可能性了。

11.词汇题。句意:在我祖父的身体仍然很健康。这里用enough修饰healthy,表示很健康。

12.固定搭配。Inone’slateseventies在…快八十岁的时候,这里主人公为祖父,因此填入his。

9.单选题

1.Inthepastfewyears,evenastheUShaspulledoutoftheGreatRecessionof2008,someeconomistsandtechnologistshavewarnedthattheeconomyisnearatippingpoint.Whentheyexaminelabor-marketdata,theyseetroublingsigns,maskedfornowbyacyclicalrecovery.Theyseeautomationhighandlow—robotsintheoperatingroomandbehindthefast-foodcounter.Theyimagineself-drivingcarsandAmazondeliverydronesdottingthesky,replacingmillionsofdrivers,warehouseStockersandsalesworkers.Theyobservethatthecapabilitiesofmachinescontinuetogrowexponentially,whileourownremainthesame.Andtheywonder:Isanyjobtrulysafe?

2.Science-fictionwritershaveattimeslookedforwardtothetakeoveroftheworkplacebymachines.Theyimaginethedisappearanceofdrudgeryanditsreplacementbygreaterleisureandalmostlimitlesspersonalfreedom.Ifthecapabilitiesofcomputerscontinuetomultiplywhilethe

priceofcomputingcontinuestofall,thatwillmeanagreatmanyoflife’snecessitiesandluxurieswillbecomeevercheaper,anditwillmeangreatwealthforsome.

3.Butthewidespreaddisappearanceofworkwouldopenthewayforasocialtransformationunlikeanywe’veseen.Savingworkmaybemoreimportantthansavinganyparticularjob.IndustriousnesshasservedasAmerica’sunofficialreligionsinceitsfounding.Thesanctityandpreeminenceofworklieattheheartofthecountry’spolitics,economicsandsocialinteractions.Whatmighthappenifworkgoesaway?

4.TheUSlaborforcehasbeenshapedbytechnologicalprogress.Agriculturaltechnologygavebirthtothefarmingindustry,theindustrialrevolutionmovedpeopleintofactories,andthenglobalizationandautomationmovedthembackout,givingrisetoaserviceeconomy.Butthroughallthesechanges,thetotalnumberofjobsalwaysincreased.Whatmaybeloomingisaneraoftechnologicalunemploymentinwhichtheinventionsofcomputerscientistsan

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