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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
Thebadweather(
)allourhopesofgoingout.
问题1选项
A.halted
B.frustrated
C.submerged
D.immersed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。halt意为“停止,中止”;frustrate意为“使沮丧,阻止,挫败”;submerge意为“浸没,淹没”;immerse意为“深陷于,沉浸在”。
句意:坏天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。
2.问答题
Theteachersaidthatif(A)webelievedsomethingwas(B)trueandgoodweshould(C)holdontothem(D).
【答案】试题答案:D;it
【解析】考查代词用法。something意为“某物,某事”,其不定代词要用单数代词it,不能用them。
3.单选题
Thelaughterathisjokesisneverforced,butalways(
).
问题1选项
A.homogeneous
B.simultaneous
C.spontaneous
D.instantaneous
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的,同类的”;simultaneous意为“同时发生的,同时存在的”;spontaneous意为“自发的”;instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。
句意:他讲笑话时人们从来不是被迫笑的,而是自发的笑。
4.单选题
Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto(
)thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.
问题1选项
A.partwith
B.givein
C.payoff
D.letout
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。partwith意为“放弃,失去,割舍”;givein意为“屈服”;payoff意为“付清”;letout意为“出租,放出,发出”。
句意:他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。
5.单选题
Themanager,(
)alettertohissecretary.
问题1选项
A.pledged
B.conveyed
C.surveyed
D.dictated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。pledge意为“保证,誓言”;convey意为“传达,传递”;survey意为“调查”;dictate意为“口述”。
句意:经理向秘书口授一封信。
6.单选题
Thetreatywillbethe(
)oflastingpeace.
问题1选项
A.potential
B.enclosure
C.tribute
D.threshold
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。potential意为“可能性,潜在性”;enclosure意为“圈地,围场,附件”;tribute意为“致敬,悼念”;threshold意为“门槛,入口,开始”。
句意:这个条约将是持久和平的开端。
7.单选题
Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably(
)bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.
问题1选项
A.prevented
B.restrained
C.hindered
D.refrained
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。prevent意为“防止,预防”;restrain意为“抑制,压抑”,指抑制某种感情;hinder意为“阻碍,妨碍”,指受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难;refrain意为“抑制,克制”,指抑制做某件事。
句意:他从未上过大学,但他的事业并没有因此而受到明显的妨碍。
8.单选题
Peoplecannotbut(
)puzzled,fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.
问题1选项
A.feel
B.feeling
C.tofeel
D.havingfelt
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。cannotbutdosth.意为“不得不做某事,禁不住做某事”,but后面接动词原形,因此选A。
句意:人们情不自禁地感到困惑,因为他们根本无法理解他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。
9.单选题
Thosewhoareunder18arenot(
)tojointhisclub.
问题1选项
A.available
B.legitimate
C.capable
D.eligible
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”;legitimate意为“合法的,合理的”;capable意为“有能力的”;eligible意为“合适的”。
句意:18岁以下的人加入这个俱乐部是违法的。
10.问答题
Inspiteof(A)hisaged(B)appearance,hismovementswereasspirited(C)asayoungman(D).
【答案】试题答案:D;ayoungman’s
【解析】考查比较级。as...as意为“与……一样”,hismovements(他的动作)不能与ayoungman(年轻人)进行比较,应与ayoungman’smovements比较,为了避免重复,此处可将ayoungman’smovements中的movements省略,改为ayoungman's。
11.单选题
Thesefigures(
)nosignificanceastheyarestatisticallyimperfect.
问题1选项
A.contributeto
B.attachto
C.conformto
D.amountto
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。contributeto意为“有助于,贡献”;attachto意为“贴,系”;conformto意为“符合,遵照”;amountto意为“共计,归结为”。
句意:这些数字没有任何意义,因为它们在统计上不完美。
12.单选题
Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis(
)andshemaystarttocry.
问题1选项
A.sophisticated
B.sympathetic
C.sensitive
D.sensible
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“老练的,见过世面的”;sympathetic意为“同情的,有同情心的”;sensitive意为“敏感的,易受影响的”;sensible意为“理智的,明智的”。
句意:别对莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感,她可能会哭了。
13.单选题
Comewhat(
),we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.
问题1选项
A.must
B.should
C.can
D.may
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意为“无论如何,不管怎样,无论发生什么事”。
句意:无论如何,我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。
14.单选题
Severalunpopulardecision(
)thegovernor’spopularity.
问题1选项
A.decayed
B.diminished
C.distorted
D.dissolved
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。decay意为“(使)腐烂,腐朽”;diminish意为“(使)减少,缩小,下降”;distort意为“歪曲,扭曲”;dissolve意为“使溶解”。
句意:几项不得人心的决定使州长的声望下降。
15.问答题
We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.
【答案】试题答案:B;with
【解析】考查独立主格。with表示伴随状况,其结构为:with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
16.单选题
Greaterefforttoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage(
)avoided.
问题1选项
A.istobe
B.canbe
C.willbe
D.hasbeen
【答案】A
【解析】考查将来时。betodosth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”,此处含有强制要求做某事,因此选A。will表示一般的将来,或者临时决定做某事;canbe能够(避免)不符合句意;hasbeen表示已经避免更不符合句意
句意:如果要避免食物短缺,就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。
17.单选题
Thearmytrainingexercisesendedwitha(
)battle.
问题1选项
A.mock
B.fantastic
C.simultaneous
D.imaginary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。mock意为“不诚实的,模拟的”;fantastic意为“极好的,富于想象的”;simultaneous意为“同时发生的,同时存在的”;imaginary意为“想象中的,幻想的”。
句意:军队训练演习以一场模拟战结束。
18.问答题
Hearguesthathewouldnotwant(A)hischildrenhavetosuffer(B)hardshipornotbe(C)sociallyacceptablebecauseoflackofmoney(D).
【答案】试题答案:B;tohavetosuffer
【解析】考查固定句型。wantsb.todosth.为固定搭配,意为“想要某人做某事”。
19.单选题
Peter'sbodytemperaturehasbeen(
)foraweek,thehighestpointreaching39.5degreecentigrade.
问题1选项
A.abnormal
B.disordered
C.uncommon
D.extraordinary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。abnormal意为“反常的,异常的”;disordered意为“混乱的”;uncommon意为“不常有的,罕见的”;extraordinary意为“非凡的”。
句意:彼得的体温不正常已经持续一周了,最高温度达到39.5度。
20.单选题
Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople(
)andasksthemquestions.
问题1选项
A.atlength
B.atrandom
C.inessence
D.inbulk
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。atlength意为“充分地”;atrandom意为“任意地,随便地”;inessence意为“本质上,大体上”;inbulk意为“大量,整批”。
句意:当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验时,他会随机地选择人并问他们问题。
21.问答题
Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).
【答案】试题答案:C;becomeconvincedthat
【解析】考查固定句型。convince意为“使相信,说服”,一般用于convincesb.that...(使某人相信……),其被动结构为:sb.beconvincedthat...本句为:you...becomeconvincedthat...
22.单选题
Themedicalstudentsstudiedthe(
)ofthehumanbody.
问题1选项
A.framework
B.outline
C.skeleton
D.segment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。framework意为“构架,框架”;outline意为“梗概,大纲,提纲”;skeleton意为“骨骼,骨架,骨骼标本”;segment意为“部分,段落”。
句意:医学专业的学生研究了人体的骨骼。
23.单选题
Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he(
).
问题1选项
A.rangup
B.hungup
C.shutdown
D.shutup
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。ringup意为“打电话”;hangup意为“挂断电话”;shutdown意为“关闭,停业”;shutup意为“安静,闭嘴”。
句意:我今天早上给他打了电话,但当我告诉他我是谁时,他挂断了电话。
24.单选题
Theworkeragreedto(
)thestrikeifthecompanywouldsatisfytheirdemands.
问题1选项
A.callfor
B.callforth
C.calloff
D.callup
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。callfor意为“接(人),呼吁,需要”;callforth意为“唤起,引起”;calloff意为“取消”;callup意为“打电话,召集”。
句意:如果公司能满足他们的要求,工人们就同意取消罢工。
25.单选题
Thisistheworld’sfirstaccurate(
)modelofhumanheartincomputer.
问题1选项
A.laboring
B.working
C.living
D.liking
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。laboring意为“劳动的”;working意为“工作中的,运行中的”;living意为“活着的”;liking意为“喜爱的”。
句意:这是世界上第一个用计算机精确模拟的工作中的人的心脏。
26.单选题
Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse(
)ofthebarracks.
问题1选项
A.vulgar
B.gross
C.rough
D.coarse
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。vulgar意为“庸俗的,粗俗的”;gross意为“不雅的,恶俗的”;rough意为“(态度)粗暴”;coarse意为“粗鲁无礼的”。A、C、D选项一般表示行为,举止粗俗,此处表示使用的语言,gross表示语言的粗鲁不雅,因此选B。
句意:许多士兵在回家时必须提醒自己不使用军营里粗鲁的语言。
27.单选题
Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix(
)librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.
问题1选项
A.drifting
B.mobile
C.shifting
D.rotating
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词分析。drifting意为“漂流的,飘动的”;mobile意为“可移动的,流动的”;shifting意为“转换的”;rotating意为“旋转的”。
句意:该服务机构在全国范围内经营着36家图书馆,其中6家流动图书馆专门为农村服务。
28.单选题
Nuclearwastesareconsideredto(
)athreattohumanhealthandmarinelife.
问题1选项
A.expose
B.apply
C.impose
D.pose
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。expose意为“揭露,揭发”;apply意为“应用,运用”;impose意为“推行,迫使,利用”;pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等),引起,产生”。
句意:核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物造成威胁。
29.单选题
MostpeopledonotknowthatJulietteGordonLow,thefounderoftheGirlScoutsofAmerica,wasdeaf.Shebegantoloseherhearingwhenshewas17,andbecamealmosttotallydeafinheradulthood.
JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetingsandwasveryimpressedbecausethegirlsacquiredmanyusefulskills.Theylearnedhowtocook,knit,tieknotsandgivefirstaid.Theyalsolearnedaboutthehistoryoftheflag.Moreover,theydevelopedimportantsocialskillsastheylearnedhowtoworktogether.Juliettethoughtthatgirlseverywhereshouldhavethisopportunity,soshedecidedtoorganizemoretroops.
JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland.Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.However,Juliettewasaverydeterminedwoman.Whenthewomenrefused,shewouldpretendthatshedidn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.
Juliettealwayspersevereduntilshemotivatedotherstohelpherwithhergoals.OneencounterthatrequiredherpersistencehappenedwhileshewasinScotland.Shewaswalkingalongaroadonedaywhenshecametoastream.Theonlywayacrossthestreamwasbyafootlog,andJuliettewasafraidtocrossitalone.Shewaswonderingwhattodowhenshesawapeddlercomingdowntheroad.Shetoldthepeddlertogoacrossthebridgefirst,andshewouldfollowwithherhandonhisshoulder.Althoughthepeddlerstartedtoprotest,herstubborninsistenceagainpaidoff.Hereluctantlyledheracrossthefootbridge.Oncetheyweresafelyontheotherside,thepeddlerexplainedtoherthathewasblind!
WhenJuliettecamebacktoAmericaforavisit,shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms.
In1913,theGirlGuideschangeditsnametotheGirlScouts.JulietteLowcamebacktoSavannahthatsameyear.ShedecidedthatthereshouldbeGirlScouttroopsallovertheUnitedStates,sosheworkedtowardthatgoal.ThefirstnationalGirlScoutconventionwasheldinWashingtonD.C,onJune10,1915.
JuliettediedinSavannahonJanuary17,1927.Thankstoher,therearenowGirlScoutsallovertheworld.Juliette'shomeinSavannahisanationalGirlScoutcenter.
"Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.”Thissentencemeans(
).
1.Themainideaofthispassagecanbestbestatedas
(
).
2.“...JuliettestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsin3.Savannah.”Fromthisstatementwecanassumethat
(
).
4.Juliettedidthingsinthisorder:
(
).
5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanassumethat(
).
问题1选项
A.thewomenwereeagertohelpherstartGirlGuidestroops
B.thewomenwantedtohelp,buthadsomethingduethattheyneededtoworkon
C.thewomenwereinchargeofotherfamilies
D.thewomendidn'twanttohelpherbecausetheyweretoobusywiththeirfamilies
问题2选项
A.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,useddeterminationandpersistencetostartGirlScouttroopsallovertheworld
B.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,wasverypushyandalwaysgotwhatshewanted
C.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,traveledtomanydifferentplacesinherlifetimebutendedupbackinSavannah
D.withoutJuliette,theGirlScoutswouldstillonlyBritishphenomenon.
问题3选项
A.JuliettelikedtheuniformstheGirlGuideswore
B.otherpeoplesetuptheirowntroopsbecausetheywerejealousofJuliette
C.Juliettehelpedtostartallsixofthesetroops
D.thegirlsinthefirsttrooparguedandhadtobeseparatedintosixdifferenttroops
问题4选项
A.wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.
B.watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.
C.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings.
D.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.
问题5选项
A.Juliettehadtoworkbecauseherhusbanddidn'tmakeenoughmoney
B.Julietteenjoyedbeingbusyandhelpingothers
C.JuliettewantedtobeaGirlGuideherself,butshewastooold
D.Juliette'shusbanddidn'tapproveofherinvolvementinthisassociation
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】1.推理判断题。bereluctantto意为“不愿意,不情愿”,dueto意为“由于”。由文章第三段中的Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities...Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.(由于她不能自己做所有的工作,所以她不得不请其他妇女帮助她。有时,由于家庭责任,这些妇女不愿意花时间……结果,尽管很忙,妇女们还是帮助了她)可知A选项说法不正确,这些妇女刚开始的时候并不乐意帮助她,B选项与duetofamilyresponsibilities不符,故排除,C选项在文中没有提及,故排除,因此选D。
2.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了JulietteLow虽然耳朵听不到,但她一直为在世界各地建立女童子军坚持不懈地努力,因此选A。
3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.(她在家乡萨凡纳组建了第一支女童子军。六个月后,当她回到英国时,萨凡纳有六支女童子军)可知C选项说法不正确,Juliette只组建了一支女童子军,故排除;A选项文中没有提及,故排除;在根据后面的Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms(那时,女孩们各自制作了自己的制服)可知D选项“第一个女童子军团的女孩因争论,不得不分成六支军团”最为恰当。
4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetings和第三段中的JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland内容可知Juliette先是嫁给了William,然后再去的英国,在那里她对GirlGuidesAssociation产生了兴趣并仔细观察她们的会议,最后她组建了自己的女童子军,因此选D。
5.推理判断题。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵听不到,嫁给了William,就没有Juliette的其他信息,故排除A、D,C选项文章也没有提及,只能通过Juliette为建立女童子军所做的努力,推测她是一个乐于助人的人,因此选B。
30.单选题
Whetheryouareagorilla,afouryearoldchild,apoliticianoranOlympicathlete,thesignsofvictoryareobviousforalltosee:thechestinflates,theheadisthrownbackandthevictordisplaysastruttingandconfidentair.Shameatbeingdefeatedisequallyrecognizable:theheadbows,andsometimestheshouldersslumpandthechestnarrowstoo—somethingthatisnotamillionmilesawayfromthecringingposturesassociatedwithsubmissioninanimals,fromchimpanzeestorats,rabbitsandevensalamanders.Arethesedisplaysofprideandshamecommontoallhumans?Iftheyare,theywillhaveevolvedtoservesomefunction.
IntheirresearchpublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ateamofresearchersanalyzedimagesofblindandsightedathletesfromdifferentculturesfromthejudocompetitionheldinthe2004OlympicandParalympicsGames.Theylookedforwhetherornotcompetitorsindulgedinpost-matchbehaviorsuchastiltingtheirheadsback,raisingtheirarmsorexpandingtheirchestsinvictory,orhidingtheirfaceornarrowingtheirchestsindefeat.Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.
Althoughtheresearcherssaythatcongenitallyblindchildrenmighthavebeentaughtbytheirparentstolifttheirhandsabovetheirheadsafteravictory,theyspeculatethatitwouldbehardertoteachthemthefullspectrumofdisplaystheywitnessed.Thesefindings,then,implythatdisplaysofpridearenotsimplyculturalstereotypeslearntafterbirth:butaninnateformofbehaviorthatwasrelevanttothewayhumanslived.Adisplayofpride(orshame),inotherwords,maybeanevolvedandinnatebehavioralresponse.
Why?Suchdisplaysmayhaveanevolutionaryfunction.Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton(whichmayhelptoavoidfurtheraggression),andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.
Theresearchersalsofoundthatthebehavioralresponsetoshamewasweakerinsightedathletesfromculturesthatwereindividualistic—or“self-expressionvaluing”—societiesintheWest.Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith“culturalnorms”thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.Ifso,thiswouldexplainwhythecongenitallyblinddisplayedmoreshameindefeatthandidpeoplewhobecameblindlaterinlife.
1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorproposeshishypothesisby(
).
2.Whyareblindathleteschosenfortheresearch?
3.Theprideandshameresponsesprobablyfunctionas
(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingpost-matchbehaviorofathletesshowsuniqueculturalinfluence?
问题1选项
A.drawingananalogy
B.makingacomparison
C.listingspecificexamples
D.explainingaphenomenon
问题2选项
A.Toidentifytheirdistinctivebehavioralfeatures.
B.Toillustratethetypicalgesturesusedbythedisabled.
C.Toproveinstinctiveprideandshamereactions.
D.Tojustifytheimportanceoflearningafterbirth.
问题3选项
A.determiningone’ssocialstatus
B.showingone’sattitude
C.exchangingpersonalfeelings
D.signalingtheendofafight
问题4选项
A.Hidingtheirfaces.
B.Puffingouttheirchests.
C.Raisingtheirarms.
D.Removingtheirclothing.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.推理判断题。类比(drawingananalogy)指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较,由文章第一段可知作者是将动物与人两个不同的对象,其对胜利的表现都是相同的进行比较,因此选A。
2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.(他们发现这些在胜利和失败的反应中,来自不同文化的人们展示出一成不变的胜利姿态和由若干固定成分组成的羞愧表情。这其中包括盲人运动员,甚至还是先天失明的)可知C选项“来证明其骄傲和羞耻的本能反应”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton...andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.(人们要夸耀他们的成就,确保他们的地位和社会群体的认同。同样地,羞愧表现出对失利的接受和对继续战斗的不情愿,也很可能是一种顺从的表现)可知这些都是对态度的表现,因此选B。
4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith"culturalnorms"thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.(研究表明来自于这些地方的职业运动员抑制了反应,而这种反应与控制耻辱表现的社会行为规范相一致)可知A“把他们的脸藏起来”属于抑制自己反应的表现,因此选A。
31.单选题
Thecountryisnowundergoinganeconomic(
)inwhichbusinessactivityisgreatlyreducedandtheunemploymentrateishigh.
问题1选项
A.flourish
B.accession
C.sanction
D.recession
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣,昌盛”;accession意为“增加”;sanction意为“制裁,处罚”;recession意为“经济衰退,不景气”。
句意:这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退,商业活动大大减少,失业率很高。
32.单选题
IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies’livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990s,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedstateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl,whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992.
Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.
Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingEarth’sbiologicaldiversityisacomplexproblem.Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.
1.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissue?
2.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests(
).
3.Amonghumanity’scurrentproblem,thechiefconcernofthescientistis(
).
4.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis(
).
问题1选项
A.Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.
B.Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.
C.Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
D.Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.
问题2选项
A.mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitstightagainstpoverty
B.benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries
C.shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation
D.willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries
问题3选项
A.theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries
B.theexplosionofthehumanpopulation
C.thereductionofbiologicaldiversity
D.theeffectofglobalwarming
问题4选项
A.todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity’scurrentproblems
B.topointoutthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems
C.toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrentproblems
D.topresentthathumanity’scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.(这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来)可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished;withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.(但是,随着人口快速增长,开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化,发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗)可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。
3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Manyofthechanges,toEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplantofitsbiologicalrichness.(对地球而言,许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性)可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。
4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的Butsolutionstohumanity’scurrentproblemswillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'scomplexweboflife.(但是,解决人类当前的问题,只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口,稳定大气层的组成,并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网)可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。
33.单选题
Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein(
)toitssize.
问题1选项
A.correspondence
B.equation
C.proportion
D.dimension
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。correspondence意为“一致,符合”;equation意为“方程式,等式,相等”;proportion意为“份额,比例”,inproportionto意为“与……成比例,与……相称”;dimension意为“尺寸,规模”。
句意:相对于它的尺寸来说,我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。
34.单选题
Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe(
)isnottakenseriously.
问题1选项
A.equivalent
B.epidemic
C.eruption
D.episode
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“相等的东西,等量”;epidemic意为“流行病”;eruption意为“喷发,爆发”;episode意为“插曲”。
句意:如果不认真对待该国的疫情,到2011年,该国可能会有多达1000万的艾滋病人。
35.单选题
Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual(
)manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.
问题1选项
A.acquires
B.achieves
C.gains
D.retains
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。acquire意为“获得,取得”,指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等;achieve意为“取得”,指成就、目标、幸福的取得;gain意为“获得”,指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;retain意为“保持,保留”。
句意:正是通过学习,个人才能获得处理各种情况的习惯做法。
36.单选题
Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill(
)totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.
问题1选项
A.conform
B.confirm
C.confine
D.confront
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。conform意为“遵守,遵从,服从”;confirm意为“确认,批准”;confine意为“限制”;confront意为“面对”。
句意:在任何一个文化环境中的绝大多数人都会遵守那种文化的既定标准。
37.单选题
Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost(
)ofgovernment.
问题1选项
A.tough
B.demanding
C.diverse
D.benign
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。tough意为“坚强的,坚韧的”;demanding意为“要求高的,费力的”;diverse意为“不同的,多种多样的”;benign意为“温和的,仁慈的”。
句意:但是像这样的礼物不能奖励给每个人,不管是由法官还是由温和的政府。
38.单选题
Idon’tthinkthebuildingwaswell(
)andconstructed.
问题1选项
A.deceived
B.perceived
C.conceived
D.achieved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。deceive意为“欺诈”;perceive意为“意识到,察觉到”;conceive意为“想出,构想,设想”;achieve意为“取得”。
句意:我觉得这栋建筑构思不太巧妙,也修建得不太好。
39.单选题
Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,(
)fromthefarmingcommunity.
问题1选项
A.straightforwardly
B.notably
C.virtually
D.exceptionally
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。straightforwardly意为“正直地”;notably意为“尤其,特别”;virtually意为“实际上,实质上”;exceptionally意为“例外地,异常地”。
句意:已遭到来自一些社会团体的强烈反对,尤其是来自农业区。
40.单选题
Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme(
)shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.
问题1选项
A.eversince
B.muchas
C.eventhough
D.ifonly
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。eversince意为“自从”;muchas意为“尽管,虽然”;eventhough意为“即使,纵然”;ifonly意为“只要”。
句意:那个在借记台的年长的图书管理员答应我,只要她记得谁最后借了这本书,就会把书给我。
41.单选题
Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore(
)tolightthanhumaneyes
问题1选项
A.glowing
B.brilliant
C.sensitive
D.gloomy
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。glowing意为“灼热的,灼炽的”;brilliant意为“明亮的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;gloomy意为“黑暗的,阴暗的”。
句意:尽管猫在完全黑暗中看不见,但它们的眼睛比人类的眼睛对光要敏感得多。
42.单选题
TheUSAhas10percentofthetotalpetroleum(
)oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.
问题1选项
A.reservations
B.reserves
C.potentials
D.reservoirs
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。reservation意为“预约,保留地”;reserve意为“储备(量),储藏(量)”;potential意为“潜在的,有可能的”;reservoir意为“水库,蓄水池”。
句意:美国在自己的领土上拥有世界石油总储量的10%,几十年来一直是主要的生产国。
43.翻译题
Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.
TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.
Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.
Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.
Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.
BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,
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