主语和定语从句的翻译课件

英语句子中主语的翻译中文和英文主语的区别：调整语序Aropehasbeenstretchedacrossthenarrowlane.狭窄的小巷中间横拉着一条绳子。Theinstallationshouldbecommencedassoonasalltheremainingproblemshavebeenclearedup.待剩下的问题都解决之后就应立即开始安装。Mechanicalenergycanbechangedintoelectricalenergybymeansofagenerator.利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。Sundaymorningfoundhimstillunwell.星期天早晨他的身体仍未好转。The18thcenturywitnessedthefirsttrueEnglishdictionary,byDr.SamuelJohnson.第一部真正的英文词典在18世纪问世，事由约翰逊编撰的。时间名词/地点名词+saw/found/witness+名词，表示在某个时间或者地点里发生或者见证了某种事情。将这种类型的句子翻译成汉语时，往往只能将时间或者地点翻译成汉语中的状语。主语翻译成状语Thelongclimbalmostfinishedme.爬山时间太长，我快累死了。Herillnesskeptherinhospitalforfourweeks.她因病在医院里住了四个月。Thequarrelledtoourbreakingoffourfriendlyrelations.我们的友好关系因争吵而破裂。Aroadaccidentcausedmybeinglate.我因交通事故而迟到。Shortageofsuitablelandintheurbanareashasmadeitnecessarytobuildmostnewpublichousinginthesuburbs.由于市区缺乏合适的土地，大部分公共房屋必须在郊区兴建。Simplicityoflanguagedemands,inthefirstplace,thatthetextsshouldbecolloquialratherthanliterary;thattheyshouldbewritteninshortsentences,notinlongandcomplicatedclauses.为了使语言简洁，首先，文章与其使用书面体，不如使用口语体；应当使用短句，而不用长的复合句。Whatiscat?Asmallanimalwithsoftfurandthatpeopleoftenkeepasapet.Catscatchandkillbirdsandmice.Thisisthecat.

2.Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat.

3.Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake.

4.Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.

5.ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.

这就是那只猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克建的。AttributiveClausesrestrictiveattributiveclausenon-restrictiveattributiveclause1.Itwasfoundthatacountrybenefitsmorebyproducinggoodsitcanmakemostcheaplyandbuyingthosegoodsthatothercountriescanmakeatlowercoststhanbyproducingeverythingitneedswithinitsownborder.人们发现，一个国家只生产成本耗费最低的产品，而从其他国家购买它们用较低成本生产的产品，这比在国内自己生产自己所需要的一切产品要划算得多。2.Thesellermustdelivergoods

which

areofthesamequantity,qualityanddescriptionsrequiredbythecontractandwhich

arecontainedorpackedinthemannerrequiredbythecontract.买方支付的货物必须与合同所规定的数量、质量和规格一致，并按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装。

充当译文中的主语译文中的谓语Practice

1.Thereweremeninthatcrowdwhohadstoodthereeverydayforamonth.2.Fortunately,therearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.3.Therearesomemetalswhichpossessthepowertoconductelectricityandtheabilitytobemagnetized.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。重复先行词Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermornings.Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweigheduptotwopoundseach.牛顿发明了一只点蜡烛的纸灯笼，在昏暗朦胧的冬天早晨上学时带着灯笼照路。他种出了200个大得惊人的西红柿，每个重达两磅。Non-restrictiveattributiveClausescomparedwithrestrictiveattributiveclauses,non-restrictiveclausesholdalooserelationshipwithantecedents,functioningasasupplementaryinthesentence.Method1-Division

(拆分）ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.Thisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.Hesawinfrontthathaggardwhite-hairedoldman,whoseeyesflashedredwithfury.Neverthelesstheproblemwassolvedsuccessfully,whichshowedthatthecomputationswereaccurate.1.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的兄弟。2.这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学家。3.饭后，四个主要谈判人员继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。4.他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人眼里闪耀着愤怒的目光。5.不过问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算很准确。翻译成状语从句（adverbialclauses)AdverbialClausesofCauseAdverbialClausesofResultAdverbialClausesofConcessionAdverbialClausesofConditionAdverbialClausesofPurpose1.Hedidnotrememberhisfather,whodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.2.Ihavetobookaheadforperformance,whicharerarelyheldinLondon.3.Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.4.Electroniccomputers,

whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.5.Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.6.Theyhavebuiltupanewcollegehere,

wherestudentswillbetrainedtobeengineersandscientists.原因结果条件目的原因让步关键：即能否掌握主句从句之间的意合关系，亦即内在逻辑联系。基本思路：1．首先找准关系代词的先行部分。2．分析从句究竟是限制性的还是非限制性的（不能局限于语法范围的分析）。3．从语义上看，定语从句是否起了副词性从句的作用，也就是说，要弄清从句的语义内涵与主句的语义内涵有什么逻辑关系。4.如果从句的限定﹑修饰作用很强，句子本身较短，则考虑用汉语“……的……”结构翻译；如果句子本身较长，尽管它的限定﹑修饰作用很强，也要按照汉语的行文习惯，考虑如何拆译；但如果节奏把握得当，亦可用“的”字结构处理。HomeworkThereisnothingmoredisappointingtoahostesswhohasgonetoalotoftroubleorexpensethantohaveherguestsointerestedintalkingpoliticsorbusinesswithherhusbandthathefailstonoticetheflavorofthecoffee,thelightnessofthecake,ortheattractivenessofthehouse,whichmaybeherchiefinterestandpride.8.Thestudycertainlyisnotthelifecomplete.But,sincecontinuallylifepartof-studiesalsoareunabletoconquer,whatbutalsocanmake?

学习并不是人生的全部。但，既然连人生的一部分——学习也无法征服，还能做什么呢？

9.Pleaseenjoythepainwhichisunabletoavoid.

请享受无法回避的痛苦。1.Pastexperiencetellsusthatthesustained,rapidandhealthydevelopm