2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号36

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Itisrather（

）thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.misleading

B.boring

C.embarrassing

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。

2.单选题

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

问题1选项

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B选项frigid“严寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C选项strident“刺耳的”；D选项tedious“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又______，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，因此选A。句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱又可爱。

3.单选题

Ifonlythecommittee（

）theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

4.单选题

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

问题1选项

A.blushing

B.crushing

C.brushing

D.flushing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项blush“脸红”；B选项crush“压破，压碎”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗”。根据句意可知此处指用热水冲洗，因此选D。句意：排污管被堵住了，试试用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。

5.单选题

Shewasso（

）inherjobthatshedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.absorbed

C.drawn

D.concentrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项常用于beattractedby（被……吸引），指客观上吸引人的注意力；B选项常用于beabsorbedinsth.（被……吸引住，专注于），absorb表示“吸引（注意力，精力等）”；C选项常用于bedrawnto（被吸引到……上来）；D选项concentrate“集中精神，全神贯注”，常与on或upon连用。由“shedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor（她没听见有人敲门）”可知B选项符合语境。句意：她全神贯注于她的工作以至于她没有听见敲门声。

6.单选题

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

问题2选项

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

问题3选项

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

问题4选项

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

问题5选项

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。A选项desolate“荒凉的”；B选项poor“贫穷的”；C选项bustling“繁忙的”；D选项thriving“繁荣的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（这个有1480人的渔村是一个荒凉而孤独的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一个荒凉的地方，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他们说性别差距不是来自资质的差别，而是学习动力的差别）可知D选项“男孩们把更多的时间花在兼职上”符合题意，A、B、C选项都与“学习动力”有关。

3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（尽管61%的大学生是女性，但她们只占冰岛理科学生的三分之一。当他们进入劳动力市场时，许多人被男性所取代，他们成为医生、工程师和计算机技术人员）可知C选项“男人扮演着更重要的角色”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家们说，他们看到许多聪明的女孩在面对真实的、面对面的与男孩的竞争时突然退缩）可知A选项“她们对自己缺乏信心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在冰岛上的Sandgerdi由于男女学生学习的动机不一样，女生在数学成绩上男生优秀，因此B选项“女生在数学上占统治地位的地方”符合题意。

7.单选题

IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI（

）.

问题1选项

A.finishwhatIdid

B.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

C.finishedwhatIdid

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词时态。“assoonas”引导的为时间状语从句，由主句的谓语动词decide可知主句为一般现在时，根据主从句时态呼应，即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时，因此选A。句意：我决定一完成我所做的事情就去看电影。

8.单选题

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

问题1选项

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。which指代先行词discovery，在从句中作主语，Ithink作插入语时，引导词应放在其前面，因此选A。句意：这位科学家又有了一个了不起的发现，我认为这个发现这对科学很重要。

9.单选题

Newspapersandmagazinescarryextensive（

）ofdietandhealthtopics,anddietbooksareamongthebestsellers.

问题1选项

A.sketch

B.concern

C.coverage

D.involvement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项sketch“素描，速写，草图”；B选项concern“担心，忧虑，关心”；C选项coverage“新闻报道，（书、课程学习、电视等的）信息范围，覆盖范围”；D选项involvement“参与，加入”。由主语Newspapersandmagazines（报纸和杂志）可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：报纸和杂志对饮食和健康话题进行了广泛的新闻报道，减肥书籍是最畅销书之一。

10.单选题

Ifthebuildingproject（

）bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.

问题1选项

A.beingcompleted

B.iscompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.completed

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句中已有谓语动词isdelayed，空格处为非谓语动词，排除B选项。A选项beingcompleted表示正在进行的被动；C选项tobecompleted表示将来的被动；D选项completed表示一般被动。根据bytheendofthismonth（到本月底）可知此处是对将来的假设，因此选C。句意：如果这个建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的计划被推迟，该建筑公司将被罚款。

11.单选题

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（无处不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斩首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

问题2选项

A.changetheideologyoftheopponent

B.winabattlewithoutmilitaryattacks

C.generateagreatersenseoffear

D.bringaboutmorephysicaldamage

问题3选项

A.psychologicalterrorismisatactic

B.terrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat

C.theuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat

D.publicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthreat

问题4选项

A.meansdetermineseffects

B.hostagecrisesareprevalent

C.psychologicalterrorsremainharmless

D.theAmericanmediaiseffective

问题5选项

A.emphasizesthegreatimpactofpsychologicalwarfare

B.criticizestheviolenceofterrorism

C.callsforanendtopsychologicalwarfare

D.opposesthehostagecrisis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.（但由于科技的进步、互联网的普及和新闻报道的扩散，这种心理战的交战规则已经改变）可知D选项“媒体的繁荣”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.（相反，这些攻击的目的是灌输一种比实际威胁本身更大的恐惧感）可知C选项“产生更大的恐惧感”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.（将恐怖主义作为一种战术是基于制造一种与实际威胁不相称的恐惧气氛）可知C选项“使用恐怖主义是为了激起比实际威胁更具破坏性的恐惧”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章第六段中的Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.（关键不是你做了什么，而是它的报道方式决定了效果）可知A选项“手段决定效果”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章首段提出恐怖活动；第二段引出心理战；第三至六段介绍了心理战带来的影响比实际威胁更大；第五段介绍了伊朗人质危机给美国人带来的心理创伤；第六段介绍了恐怖分子随机性和普遍性给人心理上产出更大的威胁；第七段介绍了恐怖组织利用心理战作战；最后一段引用Haroun的话，再次强调心理战带来的影响。因此A选项“强调心理战的巨大影响”符合题意。

12.单选题

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（

）atdifferentvillages.

问题1选项

A.constantly

B.continually

C.continuously

D.gradually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项constantly“不断地，时常地”，侧重于事件发生的稳定性和持续性以及经久不变的状态；B选项continually“不停地，持续地，频繁地”，侧重于一段时间内多次发生、时断时续或中断时间很短而又接连发生的状态；C选项continuously“连续不断地”，侧重在时间、物质或广度上没有间断的；D选项gradually“逐步地，渐渐地”。由“我们的行程很慢，因为火车_____在不同的村中停靠”可知这种停靠是在“我们的行程中”发生的，是在一段时间内发生的，因此B选项符合语境。句意：我们的行程很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村中停靠。

13.单选题

Hecomplicatedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation（

）athesis.

问题1选项

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在英语中，表示“命令、建议、愿望、要求”等的词（不管是动词、名词、形容词）之后的从句用should+动词原词，而且should可以省略。句中的requirement表示“要求”，其后是由that引导的同位语从句，因此选A。句意：他把教育中所有研究生都要写论文的要求复杂化了。

14.单选题

Theforemanreadthe（

）ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

问题1选项

A.prejudice

B.verification

C.verdict

D.punishment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项prejudice“偏见，成见”；B选项verification“检验，检查，审核”；C选项verdict“（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，（经过检验或认真考虑后的）决定，结论”；D选项punishment“刑罚，惩罚”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知选C。句意：陪审团主席宣读了14遍有罪判决书，每个被告一份。

15.单选题

I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”，指确保某事会发生，宾语一般接物，而不是人；B选项assure“使确信，向……保证”，其后宾语一搬接人；C选项confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认”；D选项insist“坚决要求，坚持”。由宾语you可知选B。句意：我向你保证，这批货将于下周交货。

16.单选题

Asuitcasewithshirts,trousers,andshoes（

）stolenfromthecar.

问题1选项

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.are

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词时态与主谓一致。本句的主语asuitcase为单数，withshirts,trousers,andshoes作句子的伴随状语，故谓语动词用单数形式，排除A、C选项，此处表示被动且没有完成时态标志词，因此选D。句意：一个装有衬衫、裤子和鞋子的手提箱在车上被偷了。

17.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Physics,aswellaspuremathematics,hassuppliedmaterialforthephilosophyoflogicalanalysis.Thishasoccurredespeciallythroughthetheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics（量子力学）.Whatisimportanttothephilosopherinthetheoryofrelativityisthesubstitutionofspace-timeforspaceandtime.Commonsensethinksofthephysicalworldascomposedof“things”whichpersistthroughacertainperiodoftimeandmoveinspace.Philosophyandphysicsdevelopedthenotionof“thing”intothatof“materialsubstance,”andthoughtofmaterialsubstanceasconsistingofparticles,eachverysmall,andeachpersistingthroughoutalltime.Einsteinsubstitutedevents（事素）forparticles;eacheventhadtoeachotherarelationcalled“interval,”whichcouldbeanalyzedinvariouswaysintoatimeelementandaspace-element.Thechoicebetweenthesevariouswayswasarbitrary（任意的）,andnooneofthemwastheoreticallypreferabletoanyother.

【答案】物理学和纯数学为逻辑分析哲学提供了材料。这一点尤其是通过相对论和量子力学体现出来。在相对论中，对哲学家来说，重要的是用时空代替时间和空间。常识认为物质世界是由“东西”组成的，这些“东西”在一定时间内持续存在，并在空间中运动。哲学和物理学把“东西”的概念发展成“物质实体”的概念，并把物质实体看作是由粒子组成的，每个粒子都很小，而且每个粒子始终存在。爱因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每个事素与其他事素之间都有一种叫作“间隔”的关系，可以用不同的方式把这种关系分析成一个时间元素和一个空间元素。在这些不同的方法之间的选择是任意的，理论上没有哪一种方法比任何其他方法更可取。

18.单选题

Thisnewlyestablishedinstitutionhastofaceawholerangeofcrimesand（

）.

问题1选项

A.femininity

B.prescriptions

C.delinquencies

D.authenticity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项femininity“女性气质”；B选项prescription“处方，药方”；C选项delinquency“不法行为，违法行为”；D选项authenticity“真实性，确实性”。由and可知空格处与crimes（罪行，犯罪）具有同样的感情色彩，因此选C。句意：这个新成立的机构必须面对一系列的罪行和违法行为。

19.单选题

Somewomen（

）agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

问题1选项

A.mustmake

B.wouldmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查情态动词。mustdo表示对现在的肯定的推测；woulddo表对将来的推测；shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做某事却未做，表达一种责备或内疚的语气；couldhavedone表示过去本能够做某事却未做，表示对过去事情的假设。此句是对过去情况的一种推测，因此选D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中挣到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她们决定为了家庭而不去工作。

20.单选题

Outputisnowsixtimes（

）itwasbeforeliberation.

问题1选项

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.asmuch

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句子主语为output，谓语为is，sixtimes后面的内容是整个句子的宾语从句，从句缺少表语，既能引导宾语从句又能在从句中做成分的为what。句意：现在的产量是解放前产量的六倍。

21.单选题

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

问题1选项

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔地，偶然”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即”。根据togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发）及句意可知A选项符合逻辑，表示捋头发这个动作偶尔做。句意：在打字时，海伦有一个习惯，偶尔停下来捋一下她又长又飘逸的头发。

22.单选题

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（

）.

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

（

）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

问题1选项

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

问题2选项

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

问题3选项

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

问题4选项

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

问题5选项

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.（这句常被认为是温莎公爵夫人的名言，体现了我们这个时代许多古怪的精神，瘦被认为是一种美德）可知C选项“瘦被认为是一种非常理想的品质”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.（我自己也幻想着穿上狭窄的名牌衣服。因此，为了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面，我也节食）可知A选项“为了生活中更好的部分不得不节食”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的可知在温莎伯爵夫人的那个时代是以瘦为美；由第三段中的最后一句可知，在某些宗教团体中，以胖为财富；由第四段中的第一二句可知，如今人们又以瘦为美。因此人们在不同的年代，对体重的看法不同，因此选B。

4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.（我们对瘦的痴迷也源于对健康的担忧）中的also可知这是从医学角度上来讲的，另一角度是前面第四段提到的当今社会以瘦为美，这是从社会角度来讲的，因此B选项“从社会学和医学的角度”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.（实际上，如果那些变瘦（或已经变瘦）的人认为自己天生健康，因而不必关注自己的整体生活方式，这是很危险的）可知A选项“他们应该更加关注他们的整体生活方式”符合题意。

23.单选题

（

）theway,wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.

问题1选项

A.Theguideled

B.Withtheguideleading

C.Withtheguidetolead

D.Withtheguidelead

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的guide（导游）与lead（带领）之间表示主动关系，因此选B。句意：在导游的带领下，我们在黑夜里步行出发了。

24.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

问题1选项

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stretch“拉长，撑大，伸展”，指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长，侧重“形状的变化”.；B选项spread“伸开”，指建筑，道路和时间等的延伸；C选项extend“延伸”，指在空间或时间上延伸，一般有一个大致的延伸方向；D选项squeeze“挤压”。根据gloves（手套）可知此处表示手套太小了，只有把它们撑大才能戴上，因此选A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它们伸展开来，我才能戴上。

25.单选题

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

问题1选项

A.shallknow

B.hasknown

C.shouldn’tknow

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定结构。shouldhavedone表示“本该做某事而实际未做”，knowbetterthantodosth.表示“明白事理而不至于……”。句意：Tom本应知道不该请Dick帮忙。

26.单选题

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（痴呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（痴呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨炼）bythee