2022年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号70

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.不定项选择题

Hebuiltahutonapieceofroughlandneararockfall.Inthewetseasontherewasaplentifulstream,andevertheyearsheencouragedthedryforesttosurroundhimwithathickscreen.Thegreeneritbecametheeasieritwastoforgettheoutside.IntimeMelio(notwithoutsometerriblemistakes)learnthowtoliveinspiteofthedifficultiesuponthatmountainshelf.

HisonlyneighborswereafamilygroupofParakanasIndianswho,forreasonsknownonlytothemselves,tookalikingtoMelio.TheirChiefneverlookedcloselyatMelioandsaidtohimselfthatthiswhitemanwasasmadasasnakewhichchewsoffitsowntail.TheParakanastaughtMeliotocatchfishwiththehelpofawildplantwhichmadethemsenselessinthestream.Itgaveoffapowerfuldrugwhenshakenviolentlythroughthewater.Theyshowedhimhowtohuntbylayingtrapsanddigging.IntimeMelio’spieceoflandbecamearegularfarm.Hehadwildbirds,fatlong-leggedonesandthinnearlyfeatherlesschickens,andhiscornandsaltedfishwasenoughtokeephimstockedupthroughthewetseason.

TheParakanaswerealwaysaroundhim.He’dneveradmititbuthecouldfeelthatthetreeswerelikethebarsofaprison:theywerewatchinghim.ItwasasifhewastherebycourtesyoftheChief.Whentheycametohim,theIndiansneverenteredhishousewithitssteeplyslopingroofofdriedgrassandleaves.Theyhadadelicatewayofbehaving.Theyshowedthemselvesbystandingintheshadeofthetreesattheclearing’sedge.Hewasexpectedtocrossthechickenstriptowardsthem.Thentheyhadacuriousbutcharminghabitoftakingapacebackfromhim,justoneoddstepbackwardsintotheirgreencorridors.Melionevercouldpersuadethemtocomeanycloser.

ThegroupguessedatMelio’shatredforhiscivilizedbrothersinthetownsfaraway.TheyknewMeliowouldneverinviteanymorewhitemenuphere.ThispleasedtheParakanas.Itmeantthattraderslookingforrubberandjewelswouldneverreachthem.TheirMeliowouldseetothat.Theyweresafewiththismanandhishatred.

16.ItisknownfromthepassagethatMeliowantedtheforestaroundhimtobecomethickbecausethedenseleaves（）.

17.TheChief’scomparisonofMeliotoasnakeisintendedtoshowthat（）.

18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

19.ToMelio,theParakanaIndiansseemed（）.

20.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheplacedescribedbytheauthorwas（）.

问题1选项

A.remindedhimofhishouseinthetownfaraway

B.preventedtheParakanasfromwatchinghim

C.helpedhimtoforgettheworldhehated

D.protectedhimfrombeingintrudedbythewhitemeninthetown

问题2选项

A.hedidnottrustMelio

B.itwasunwisetogotooclosetoMelio

C.hebelievedMeliohatedtheParakanas

D.hethoughtMeliowasoutofhismind

问题3选项

A.Meliostayedonhisfarmforanumberofyears.

B.Meliofeltlikeaprisonerbecausehecouldn’tescapebeingwatched.

C.Meliokepthimselfalive,duringtherainyseasonbyeatingwhathehadinstore.

D.TheParakanasthoughtMeliolivedthattherebecausehewaslookingforrubberandjewels.

问题4选项

A.oldbuthateful

B.strangebutattractive

C.unhealthybutfriendly

D.cowardlybutsociable

问题5选项

A.farremovedfromcivilization

B.impossibletocultivate

C.thehomeofMelio’sIndianrelatives

D.wetalltheyearround

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】16.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段第三句Thegreeneritbecametheeasieritwastoforgettheoutside.（森林越茂密，就越容易忘记外面的环境），C选项“帮助他忘记了他所憎恨的世界”为正确选项。A选项“这使他想起了他在远处镇上的家”正好与Melio的意图相反。B选项“阻止了Parakanas监视他”不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“保护他不受镇上白人的侵扰”文章并未提及，只在结尾处提到Melio从不邀请白人去那儿，因此可排除D选项。因此C选项正确。

17.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第二句TheirChiefneverlookedcloselyatMelioandsaidtohimselfthatthiswhitemanwasasmadasasnakewhichchewsoffitsowntail.（酋长从未仔细看过梅里奥，他自言自语地说，这个白人就像咬断自己尾巴的蛇一样疯狂），由此可知，选项B“和梅里奥走得太近是不明智的”为正确答案。选项A“他不信任梅里奥”，文章并未提及，可排除。选项C“他相信梅里奥憎恨Parakanas”，文章并未提及，可排除。选项D“他觉得梅里奥疯了”，文章并未提及，可排除。因此B选项正确。

18.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。选项A“梅里奥在他的农场待了几年”，定位到第二段倒数第二句Hehadwildbirds,fatlong-leggedonesandthinnearlyfeatherlesschickens,andhiscornandsaltedfishwasenoughtokeephimstockedupthroughthewetseason.（他养的是野鸟，有长腿的肥鸟，也有几乎没有羽毛的瘦鸡。他养的玉米和咸鱼足够他在雨季储存食物）可推测梅里奥在农场待过几年，排除A选项。选项B“梅里奥觉得自己像个囚犯，因为他无法逃避被监视”可定位到文中第三段第二句He’dneveradmititbuthecouldfeelthatthetreeswerelikethebarsofaprison:theywerewatchinghim.（他从不承认，但他能感觉到那些树就像监狱的铁栏：它们在监视着他），因此可排除B选项。选项C“在雨季，梅里奥靠吃他储存的食物来维持生命”可定位到文中第二段倒数第一句andhiscornandsaltedfishwasenoughtokeephimstockedupthroughthewetseason.（他的玉米和咸鱼足够他在雨季储存粮食），因此可排除C选项。D选项“Parakanas认为Melio住在那里是因为他在寻找橡胶和珠宝”，在文中没有提及，因此D选项正确。

19.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段倒数第二句Thentheyhadacuriousbutcharminghabitoftakingapacebackfromhim,justoneoddstepbackwardsintotheirgreencorridors.（然后，他们有一个奇怪而又迷人的习惯，总是退后一步，向绿色的走廊退一步）。B选项“奇怪，但有吸引力”与题干相符，因此B选项正确。

20.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“远离文明”，通读全文可知，A选项为正确答案。B选项“不可能培养”，文章第二段最后，提到Melio的土地成了一个农场，可排除B选项。C选项“梅里奥印第安亲戚的家”，文章中并没有提到Melio印度亲戚，那些人只是他的邻居，可排除C选项。D选项“终年潮湿”，文章第二段结尾提到“他的玉米和咸鱼足够他在雨季储存粮食”，可看出这个地方不是终年潮湿，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Ifthesun（）theplayerscouldhavefinishedthegame.

问题1选项

A.hadshine

B.didshine

C.wereshining

D.hadshone

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。这是个虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，句意：如果太阳照耀着，队员们本可以完成比赛，说明比赛未完成，这个事情已经是既成事实了，ifIhaddone…Iwouldhavedone…因此，D选项符合句意。

3.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

把信息当知识，把知识当智慧。许多人日夜在网上“泡着”，四处收集新闻热点，说起来滔滔不绝，犹如天下大事尽在心中。可是如果你仔细听听，认真想想，却发现他嘴里没有一句是他的话。他根本没有兴趣咀嚼和消化那些信息。他只是一个信息的贩卖者，或者是廉价的传声筒。

【答案】Modernpeopletendtoequateinformationwithknowledge,andknowledgewithwisdom.That’swhymanyofthemaremousepotatoes,searchingforhotnewsdayandnight.Theywouldrattleonandononcesuchpeoplestrikeaconversationwithyou,asiftheykneweverythingaboutallmajoreventsintheworldandthesecretary-generalofUNwerealwaysathisbeckandcall!However,ifyoulistenattentivelyandthinkcarefullyyouwillfindtheyarebutparrotsthatonlyrepeatwhatothershavesaidwithoutasinglewordoftheirown.Theyneverbothertochewanddigesttheinformationroundedup.Theyarenomorethanmongersofinformationorcheapmegaphones.

4.单选题

Protozoanlocomotionsharessomeofthebasicmechanismsofmolecularcontractionencounteredinthefunctioningoftheflagellaandciliaofhigheranimals.

问题1选项

A.reproduction

B.digestion

C.movement

D.compartment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reproduction“繁殖”；B选项digestion“消化”；C选项movement“运动”；D选项compartment“区划”。句意：原生动物的运动与高等动物的鞭毛和纤毛的功能有一些相同的分子收缩的基本机制。划线部分locomotion是运动的意思。因此C选项正确。

5.写作题

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【参考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

6.不定项选择题

Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.Tosummonthesandtocomerushinginandpluguphisearswithitsroaringsilence.

Meanwhile,themotherarmsherselfwithreturnsfromthelasttrip.HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.Onsummernights,whenit’slightuntilafterthefirefliesarrive,theairisheavyandmoist.Thedaughtersunrolltheirwindowsandstickthewholeoftheirheadsoutintotheslatebluesky,feelingfullforcethesweaty,honeysuckleair.Inthecoldmall,theirrubbersolessqueakonshinylinoleumsquares.Theyoungerdaughtertriesnottosteponanycracks.Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.

Itisnotuntilthethirdor,onagoodnight,thefourtherrandthatthetroublebegins.Thegirlshavewanderedovertoexaminerainbowbeachtowels,perhaps,orsomekindofpinkruffledbedspread.Themother’svoicefindsthemfromafewaislesaway.

Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.Theolderoneshakesherponytailsattheyoungerone.Herblueeyeshissthecareful-don’t-crywarning,buttheyoungerone’scheeksonlygetredder.Toebytoe,thedaughtersedgetowardshousewareswheretheyfingerlaceplacematsortracepatternsinthestorecarpetwithsneakeredsoles.Themother’svoicestillfindsthem,shakingwithrage.Finally,heelsslappinginhersandals,shestridestowardsthemandthenkeepsgoing.Theyfollow,catchingherword-trail,“Stupidpeople.Stupid,stupid,stupid.IHATEstupidpeople.”It’sthelittleskipsbetweenstepstheyoungeronetakestokeepupwithhermother’stong,angrylegs.It’sthecardoorslammingandtheseatbeltbuckleyankedintoplace.It’sthosethingsthattellthedaughtershowthenextfewhourswillgo.

Inthecar,theolderonesighsandgrindsherbackteeth.Theyoungeronefeelsherfacegethotterandhereyesstarttoswell.Shestaresatanicecreamstainonthebackofthefrontseatandseesapony,aflower,andafairyinthatsplashofchocolatemintchip.Themotherbeginsonbothatonce.“Andwhenwegethome,ifyourshoesarestillintheTVroom,I’mthrowingthemout.Sameforbooks.Nomoreshithouse.Nomorelazy,ungratefulkids.”AndsoonandsoonthroughtheblackvelvetskyandacrosstheHersheybarroads.Onintothehousewithaslaportwo.“You’llbehappywhenI’minmygrave,”wailsatthemastheyputontheirnightgownsandbrushtheirteeth.Theolderonesetsastonejawandtheyoungeronetriesnottosobassheopenswide,engulfinghersmallhandandscrubbingeachandeverymolar.

Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”Promisesforthatpinkruffledbedspreadormaybeanewstuffedanimal.Longfingersrakethroughtheyoungerone’scurls.“Tomorrowevening,we’llgetyousomekindoftreat.Rightafterdinner,we’llgotothemall.”

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thetwodaughterseemto（）.

3.Theword“squirms”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoseNOTdescribethemother?

5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthetextbelongto?

问题1选项

A.thefatherisinert

B.theirlifeisbustling

C.theeveningareexciting

D.themotherisconstantlynagging

问题2选项

A.enjoytheevening’sshoppinginthebeginning

B.bereluctanttorunerrandswiththemother

C.enjoybrowsingvariouskindofitems

D.begladtohelptheirmotherwithhousework.

问题3选项

A.moves

B.squirts

C.wriggles

D.digests

问题4选项

A.Irritable

B.Remorseful

C.Amiable

D.Discontented

问题5选项

A.Narration

B.Description

C.Persuasion

D.Exposition

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.（晚上，他们去购物中心。一周一次或更多。有时，他们甚至把晚餐的碗碟放在水槽里，这样他们就有足够的时间完成所有的差事）可以得知B选项“他们的生活是忙碌的”正确，他们去购物中心还需要挤时间，代表他们的生活是忙碌的；根据题干可以定位到第一段Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.（父亲从不来——他讨厌购物，尤其是和妻子一起。相反，他待在家里看报纸，在他的书房周围。做其他爸爸晚上必须做的事情）可以得知A选项“父亲是懒惰的”错误，根据这些内容我们只能判断出父亲不喜欢购物，无法判断出父亲是否懒惰；C选项以及D选项未在第一段内提及。因此B选项符合题意。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.（现在，在她们晚上闲逛商场的时候，出现了“如果我现在就吐出来”吗?还是“哪里有让我掉进的兔子洞?”的感觉）可以判断出B选项“不愿意和母亲一起跑腿”正确；根据第二段第二句HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.（她的两个年幼的女儿忘记了手电筒标签游戏或最喜欢的电视节目，系上网球鞋和安全带：然后她们就出发了）以及最后一句Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.（大女儿直视着前方；每做完一件事，她就用阴沉的眼睛数着）可以得知A选项“一开始就享受晚上的购物”和C选项“享受浏览各种各样的商品”错误；D选项在文章内没有提到；因此B选项符合题意。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。A选项“移动；感动”；B选项“喷射，喷出，挤”；C选项“扭动；蠕动”；D选项“消化；吸收”。根据关键字squirms可以定位到第四段Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?（晚餐在女儿们的胃里蠕动着。现在感受到了“如果我现在就吐出来”吗?）可以推测squirms是蠕动的意思，因此C选项符合题意。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”（父亲没有幸免。易怒的母亲转而对父亲生气：“他妈的糟糕的丈夫。懒惰的父亲。”就这样持续了一个多小时。然后，在夜晚最黑暗的时候，她会光着脚，用凉的手捂着孩子那布满汗珠的小前额。亲吻、爱抚，并说道：“对不起，妈妈有点生气了。”）得知A选项“易怒的”，B选项“懊悔的”以及D选项“不满的”可描述母亲，而C选项“和蔼可亲的”不可，因此C选项符合题意。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。Narration即记叙文，把人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程表达出来的一种表达方式。它是写作中最基本、最常见，也是最主要的表达方式，记叙文有六要素：人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果；Description即描述文，是对人物的外貌、动作，事物的性质、形态和景物的状貌、变化所作的具体刻画和生动描摹；Persuasion不属于表达方式；Exposition即说明文，是用简明的语言、客观而准确地解说事物或阐述事理的一种表达方式；本文不属于说明文，也没有记叙文的六要素，属于描述文，通过文章描述了一位暴躁易怒又容易懊悔的母亲的形象，以及一个压抑的家庭。因为B选项正确。

7.单选题

ThelargestmeteoriteondisplayisintheAmericanMuseuminNewYorkCity（）over34tons.

问题1选项

A.anditweighs

B.itweighs

C.itsweightis

D.whichitweighs

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。分析题干可知，前面句子已经有谓语动词is，而选项中均有谓语动词weigh，因此前后谓语所在的句子之间需要用并列连词and连接，故选A项。句意：最大的陨石在纽约的美国博物馆展出，重量超过34吨。

8.单选题

Iwishit（）stopraining.

问题1选项

A.hadto

B.did

C.would

D.might

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查时态。希望将来发生的事在wish后的宾语从句中用过去将来时。句意：我希望雨会停。因此，C选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Ameteorburnsbrightly（）throughtheearth’satmosphere.

问题1选项

A.asitdescends

B.asdescending

C.whetheritdescends

D.whendescends

【答案】A

【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：流星在穿过地球大气层时闪闪发光。whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，排除C。D选项缺少主语，排除D。as后面接动词ing形式表示现在进行时，时态不符，排除B。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Iam（）ofmakingexcusesforyourrudenesstoourfriends.

问题1选项

A.annoyed

B.worried

C.tired

D.angry

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查形容词用法。A选项annoyed“恼怒的”，一般与with，about，at进行搭配，B选项worried“担心的，发愁的”，一般与about，by进行搭配，C选项tired“疲倦的，困倦的”，tiredofdoingsth“厌倦，厌烦”，D选项angry“发怒的，愤怒的”，一般与at，about，over，with进行搭配。句意：我厌倦了为你对我们的朋友的粗鲁辩解。因此，C选项符合句意。

11.不定项选择题

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,andgallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeupAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

11.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

12.Accordingtothepassage,（）

13.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

14.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting.

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems.

问题2选项

A.Obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids.

B.Obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.

C.Adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex.

D.Obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety.

问题3选项

A.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.

B.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.

问题4选项

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.

问题5选项

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers.

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】11.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲肥胖可能会导致很多疾病。D选项“肥胖会导致很多疾病”，选项D正确。C选项“肥胖被认为是一种疾病”，文章只是稍微提到此内容，可排除。B选项“许多人不断节食”，不符合文章内容，可排除。A选项“肥胖给心脏带来负担”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.（肥胖通常被定义为一个人的年龄、性别和体型超出正常范围的脂肪堆积。）也就是说，肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄和性别的正常体重。选项C“肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄和性别的正常体重”与原文描述一致。A选项“肥胖通常与药物有关，比如类固醇”，类固醇并不是造成肥胖的主要原因，A选项可排除。B选项“肥胖并不影响一个人得癌症的机会”，肥胖可能会导致癌症，B选项可排除。D选项“在当今社会，肥胖问题已经不那么严重了”，肥胖仍然是一个比较严重的问题，排除D选项。因此C选项正确。

13.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.（节食不会教人们如何正确的饮食。它们只是暂时限制食物的摄入量，所以当饮食结束时，体重又会增加）。选项A“节食并没有教会人们良好的饮食习惯”，符合原文内容，A选项正确。B选项“节食会导致内疚和抑郁”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“有太多的节食，每个都有不同的要求”，文章没有提到这一点，可排除。D选项“节食会导致被剥夺的感觉”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。第五段大意为：一些研究人员发现，将超重和死亡联系起来的数据并不确定，而另一些研究人员则发现，减肥可能比超重的危害更大。而划线部分的前一句提到：体重超标的相对风险会随着年龄的增长而下降。由此可推断，老年人减肥是不明智的。选项A“对老年人来说，大量减肥是不明智的”，A选项正确。B选项“有些减肥的外科手术方法比节食更好”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“所有肥胖的人都需要减掉多余的体重”，文章所说，肥胖对人体的危害会随年龄的增加而减小，因此不是所有肥胖的人都需减重，C选项可排除。D选项“肥胖者应该向医生咨询减肥的利弊”，文章并没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干我们可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.（科学证据表明，MBI（身体质量指数）与较高的死亡率之间存在关联。）由此可推测，肥胖也与死亡存在着联系，因此B选项“科学家们一致同意肥胖和死亡之间的联系”正确。

12.单选题

Determiningthemineralcontentofsoilsamplesisanexactingprocess,（）expertsmustperformdetailedteststoanalyzesoilspecimens.

问题1选项

A.sothat

B.however

C.afterwards

D.therefore

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项sothat“以便；所以是”；B选项however“无论如何；不管怎样；然而；可是”；C选项afterwards“后来；然后”；D选项therefore“因此；所以”。句意：确定土壤样品的矿物含量是一个严格的过程，（）专家必须进行详细的测试来分析土壤样品。根据句意可知空格处应表示所以，因为D选项正确。

13.单选题

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

问题1选项

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意为：尽管月球在许多方面与行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D项符合句意和语法。

14.不定项选择题

(1)WorldWarII,televisionhasbecomethemostpopularmasscommunications(2)inhistory—perhapsthefirstmassmediumtoreachallsegmentsandgroupsinasociety.Next(3)sleepingandworking,Americansspendthegreatestpartoftheirtime(4)television,andTVviewingclearlyisa(5)socialactivityinsomeothercountriesaswell.

Theextentof(6)impact(7)societyisyettobefullydocumented,anditisdifficulttopinpointits(8)inanyspecificinstance.Nevertheless,theoutlineofsomefactorsseemsclear.(9)alittlemorethanonegeneration,televisionhas(10)hopesforahigherstandardofliving;ithasbecomeasignificantagentinthe(11)ofchildren;ithasserved(12)amajorsourceofnewsandentertainment;andithasprovidedamediumofcommunicationsthathas(13)electioncampaignsandtheroleofpoliticalparties.

GeorgeGerbner,anAmericanscholarin(14)communications,hassaid,“Televisionhasprofoundly(15)whatwecalltheprocessofsocialization,theprocess(16)whichmembersofourspeciesbecomehuman.”Itisanticipatedthattheinfluenceoftelevision(17)socialpatternsprobablewillbecomestronger(18)succeedinggenerationsaretransmittedacultureviathismedium.Nevertheless,itwouldbewrongtothinkofaviewermerelyasanapatheticbodysitting(19)infrontofhisseteachday.Eachpersonselectstheprogramshewantstosee,(20)thecontentoftheprograminhisownway,andlaterremembersonlythepartthatismeaningfultohislife-style.

问题1选项

A.From

B.For

C.Since

D.Ever

问题2选项

A.medium

B.media

C.method

D.methods

问题3选项

A.with

B.for

C.in

D.to

问题4选项

A.watch

B.watching

C.haswatched

D.watched

问题5选项

A.submissive

B.permissive

C.intensive

D.pervasive

问题6选项

A.televisions’

B.televisions

C.television’s

D.television

问题7选项

A.with

B.for

C.in

D.on

问题8选项

A.effect

B.effects

C.affects

D.affect

问题9选项

A.Since

B.For

C.Within

D.With

问题10选项

A.raised

B.risen

C.arisen

D.rose

问题11选项

A.educating

B.caring

C.raising

D.rearing

问题12选项

A.as

B.for

C.on

D.to

问题13选项

A.started

B.altered

C.geared

D.renewed

问题14选项

A.human

B.person

C.people

D.mass

问题15选项

A.effect

B.effected

C.affected

D.affect

问题16选项

A.to

B.by

C.for

D.at

问题17选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

问题18选项

A.because