2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号63

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

II.LegalHistory

Beforetheupheavalsofthelate11thandearly12thcenturies,thepeoplesofEuropewereorganizedpoliticallyinaloose,complex,andoverlappingstructureof(1)localunits,(2)lordshipunits,(3)tribal(clan)units,(4)largeterritorialunitssuchasduchiesorprincipalities,whichmightincludeanumberoftribes(clans),and(5)kingdoms,ofwhichtheFrankishkingdom,fromtheyear800,wascalledanumpire.ThekingdomswereconceivednotasterritorialunitsbutprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeopleunderaking(emperor),whowasconsideredtobeChrist’sdeputyandsupremeheadofthechurchaswellasofthenobility,theclans,andthearmy.Thechurchitselfwasnotconceivedasapoliticalunitbutprimarilyasaspiritualcommunityledultimatelybythekingoremperorandintermediatelybybishops,ofwhomtheBishopofRomewasbytraditionthemostimportant.

Withinthisgeneralclassification,therewereverywidedifferencesfromlocalitytolocality,lordshipunittolordshipunit,tribalunittotribalunit,andsoon.TheeconomyofEuropebeforethe11thcenturywaslargelylocalandagrarian.Therewasverylittleintercommunication;apartfrommonksandsomeothersoftheclergyandasmallnumberofmerchants,andexceptformilitarycampaigns,onlythehighernobilityandkingstravelled.Therewerepracticallynopermanentrepresentativesofthecentralauthoritiesinthelocalities.Effortstoplacethemweregenerallyfrustrated.Notonlypowerbutalsoculturewaswidelydispersed.Thecustomsofoneplacemightdiffersubstantiallyfromthecustomsofanotherplacefiftymilesaway.

Nevertheless,thepoliticalorganizationofthepeoplesofEuropeintheperiodfrom6thtothe11thcenturiesrevealsacommonpatternofdevelopment.

Thesmallestlocalpoliticalunitsweregenerallycalledvillae(“villages”or“vills”);theseweregroupedintocentenarii(“hundreds”),whichweregrouped,inturn,intocomitatus(“counties”).TheselocalunitsfirstcameintobeingwhenthewanderingtribesfromwesternAsia,havingswallowedupwhatwasleftoftheRomanEmpireintheWest,finallysettleddowninthe4th,5thand6thcenturies.

Thesecondtypeofunit,lordshipunits,cameintobeingsoonthereafter.Theirnumberincreasedassettlers“commendedthemselves”toleadingpersonagesamongthemandpromisedtorenderservicesinternforfoodandclothingaswellasforprotectionagainstenemies.

55.Whichofthefollowingdescriptionofakingdombeforethe11thcenturyisNOTcorrect?

56.Theoneswhodidnottravelbeforethe11thcenturywere___.

57.Thereasonthattheeffortstoplacepermanentrepresentativesofthecentralauthoritiesinthelocalitiesweregenerallyfrustratedwasthat___.

58.Thepoliticalunitsfrom6thto11thcenturiesoriginatedin___.

问题1选项

A.TheFrankishkingdomwascalledanumpirefrom800A.D

B.Akingdomwasledbyakingoremperor,whowasconsideredtobethesupremeheadoftheterritory

C.ThekingdomswereconceivedprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeople

D.AkingdomwasoneoftheseveralstructuresofEuropeanpeople’spoliticalorganizations

问题2选项

A.monksandpriests

B.kingsandotherupper-classpeople

C.peasantswhowantedtoselltheirownproducts

D.merchants

问题3选项

A.thepowerandculturewerewidelydispersed

B.thepeopledidnotunderstandeachother

C.therewasnocommonpatternofdevelopment

D.thecustomsofdifferentplacesdifferedsubstantially

问题4选项

A.theleftoversoftheRomanEmpireintheWest

B.thelordshipunits

C.theleadingpersonagesamongthesettlers

D.thetribesfromwesternAsia

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段ThekingdomswereconceivednotasterritorialunitsbutprimarilyasthecommunityoftheChristianpeopleunderaking(emperor),whowasconsideredtobeChrist’sdeputyandsupremeheadofthechurchaswellasofthenobility,theclans,andthearmy.（王国不是作为领土单位，而是主要作为基督教人民在国王（皇帝）领导下的社区，国王被认为是基督的副手和教会以及贵族、氏族和军队的最高领袖）可知王国并不是领土单位，国王也不是领土的最高元首，B选项“一个王国是由国王或皇帝领导的，他被认为是领土的最高元首”错误，同时可知C选项“这些王国最初被认为是基督教人民的社区”符合原文；第一段(5)kingdoms,ofwhichtheFrankishkingdom,fromtheyear800,wascalledanumpire.（5王国，其中法兰克王国从800年起被称为裁判）可知A选项“法兰克王国从公元800年起被称为裁判”符合原文；第一段thepeoplesofEuropewereorganizedpoliticallyinaloose,complex,andoverlappingstructureof…and(5)kingdoms（欧洲人民在政治上是以松散、复杂和重叠的结构组织起来的……5王国）可知D选项“王国是欧洲人民政治组织的几个结构之一”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段…apartfrommonksandsomeothersoftheclergyandasmallnumberofmerchants,andexceptformilitarycampaigns,onlythehighernobilityandkingstravelled.（除了僧侣和其他一些神职人员以及少数商人之外，除了军事行动之外，只有贵族和国王出游）可知选C选项“农民想卖自己的产品”，原文中农民不会出游；A选项“僧侣和牧师”；B选项“国王和其他上层阶级的人”以及D选项“商人”在原文中都会出游，不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

57.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Withinthisgeneralclassification,therewereverywidedifferencesfromlocalitytolocality,lordshipunittolordshipunit,tribalunittotribalunit,andsoon…Effortstoplacethemweregenerallyfrustrated.Notonlypowerbutalsoculturewaswidelydispersed.Thecustomsofoneplacemightdiffersubstantiallyfromthecustomsofanotherplacefiftymilesaway.（在这一总体分类中，各地、领主单位与领主单位、部落单位与部落单位等都有很大的差异……安置它们的努力普遍受挫。不仅权力如此，文化也被广泛分散。一个地方的风俗习惯可能与五十英里外另一个地方的风俗习惯有很大的不同）可知权利和文化分散的原因都是每个地方的风俗都有很大的差异，选D选项“不同地方的风俗有很大的不同”，同时可知A选项“权力和文化被广泛分散”并不是常驻代表的努力普遍受挫的原因，权利和文化被分散的根本原因也是每个地方的风俗都有很大的差异；B选项“人们彼此不理解”以及C选项“没有共同的发展模式”原文未提及。因此D选项正确。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第四段TheselocalunitsfirstcameintobeingwhenthewanderingtribesfromwesternAsia,havingswallowedupwhatwasleftoftheRomanEmpireintheWest,finallysettleddowninthe4th,5thand6thcenturies.（这些地方单位最初是在来自西亚的流浪部落吞没了罗马帝国在西方留下的东西，最终在4、5和6世纪定居下来时形成的）可知选A选项“罗马帝国在西方的残余”，B选项“贵族单位”和C选项“殖民者中的主要人物”原文未提及，D选项“来自西亚的部落”不符合原文所说的来自西亚的流浪部落。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Ⅳ.MichaelBrown’s2014deathinFerguson,Missourithrustpolice-officerinvolvedhomicidesintothepopularconsciousness.Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.Despitethis,officialdatasourcesarethinandunreliable.Asinotherlargecities,shootingvictimsareoverwhelminglyminorities,withBlackpersonsconstitutingover80%ofvictims.Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.Shiftingfocusinthiswaywillhelpidentifyconnectionsbetweeneverydaypolicingtacticsinminorityneighborhoods—suchasplainclothespolicingandaggressivestopandfrisk—andofficerinvolvedshootings.Thearticlealsoconcludesthatevidentiarychallengesmarposthocreviewofofficer-involvedshootings,whetheritisintheformofjudicialorcivilianreview.Thisalsounderscorestheimportanceofpreventiveregulation.

Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoneatlyandobjectivelyproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims.Claimingdisproportionalityrequiressignificantnormativejudgments.TheracialprofileofofficerinvolvedshootingvictimsintheIPRAReportsisdramaticallydisproportionatetothatofChicagoresidents.ComparableifnotquitesodramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole.ButtheIPRAReportssuggestthatthemajorityofshootingvictimswerearmedwhenshot.Thisshouldleadonetoaskwhetherthecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuringwhethershootingsareinordinatelyvisiteduponBlackandHispanicmen.Relatedisthequestionofwhatreferencepointshouldbeusedtoassesshowmanyshootingsaretoomany?Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.

1.Theunderlinedword“salient”isclosestinmeaningwith___inthesentence.

2.Whatcouldbetheintuitionreferredtobytheauthor?

3.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

4.Inthelastsentence,theauthorgivesanexampleofmedicalemploymenttoillustratethat___.

问题1选项

A.noticeable

B.significant

C.outwards

D.jumpingout

问题2选项

A.ManyofthevictimsareBlack.

B.Manyoftheofficershootersareminorities.

C.ManyoftheofficershootersareWhite.

D.Manyofthevictimsareminorities.

问题3选项

A.badofficersfollowingegregiousincidentsarenotthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

B.racistmalevolenceandunconsciousbiashavenothingtodowithofficer-involvedhomicides

C.individualofficers’decision-makingisthecauseofofficer-involvedhomicides

D.scholarsandpolicymakersshouldnotfocusjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents

问题4选项

A.thecity’soveralldemographicprofileistheproperbenchmarkformeasuring

B.establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup

C.Thereisnoquantitativebenchmarkthatallowsonetoproblematize(orrationalize)thehighnumbersofBlackandHispanicofficer-involvedshootingvictims

D.ComparabledramaticracialdisproportionalityholdsforothermunicipalitiesandtheUnitedStatesasawhole

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.词义辨析题。根据题干定位到第一段划线部分句子Aseriesofsubsequentofficer-involvedhomicideshaskepttheissuepoliticallyandlegallysalient.（随后发生的一系列与警官有关的杀人案使这个问题在政治上和法律上都很重要）此处的salient表示“很突出，很重要”；A选项“显而易见的，显著的”；B选项“重大的（大的，重要的足以产生影响或引起注意的）；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的”；C选项“向外地”；D选项“跳出”，C选项和D选项排除，和原文词义不匹配，noticeable侧重所描绘的事物引人注意，significant侧重某事物由于特别优秀或特别有意义而显得重要与突出，此处significant更符合salient在句中的含义。因此B选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Contrarytointuition,manyoftheofficershootersareminoritiesaswell.（与直觉相反，许多枪击警察的人也是少数族裔）推测出直觉为许多枪击警察的人会是白人，选C选项“许多射击警察的人是白人”；A选项“许多受害者是黑人”，D选项“许多受害者是少数民族”和受害者有关，而直觉是和枪击警察的人有关，不匹配；B选项“许多枪击警察的人都是少数民族”属于原文中的内容，和直觉相反，排除。因此C选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Scholarsandpolicymakersshouldfocusfarmoreintensivelyonregulatingbadpractices,ratherthanjustondiscipliningbadofficersfollowingegregiousincidents.（学者和政策制定者应该更加集中精力规范不良行为，而不是仅仅在发生恶劣事件后惩戒不良官员）可知选D选项“学者和政策制定者不应该只关注在恶劣事件发生后惩罚坏官员”；A选项“糟糕的警官在发生令人震惊的事件后并不是涉及警官的杀人案的原因”第一段未明确指出；第一段Theanalysisheresuggeststhatneitherracistmalevolencenorunconsciousbiasaffordcompleteexplanationsforwhyofficer-involvedshootingsoccur.（这里的分析表明，无论是种族主义的恶意，还是无意识的偏见，都不能完全解释与警察有关的枪击事件发生的原因）只是说不能完全解释，而不是没有任何关系，B选项“种族主义的恶意和无意识的偏见与警官参与的杀人案没有任何关系，只是不能完全解释”错误；Bothoftheseexplanatoryframeworksfocustoointensivelyuponindividualofficers’decision-makingattheexpenseofinstitutionalandsituationaldynamics.（这两种解释框架都过于集中于个别军官的决策，而牺牲了制度和情境的动态）可知个人警官的决策并不能完全解释与警察有关的枪击事件发生的原因，C选项“个人警官的决策是涉及警官的杀人案的原因”太过片面。因此D选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句Forexample,aplaintiffsuingamedicalemployerforracialdiscriminationinhiringofdoctorscouldnotpointtotheemployers’havinghiredfewerminoritiesthantheirshareofthegeneralpopulation.（例如，一名原告起诉一名医疗雇主在雇用医生时存在种族歧视，但不能指出该雇主雇用的少数族裔人数少于其在总人口中所占比例）结合上一句话Thesetwoquestionswillbefamiliartoanyonewhostudiesantidiscriminationlaw—establishingthefactofracialdisparityrequiresanappropriatecomparisongroup.（这两个问题对任何研究反歧视法的人来说都很熟悉——建立种族差异的事实需要一个适当的对照组）可知举例是为了说明建立种族差异的事实需要一个适当的对照组，选B选项“建立种族差异的事实需要一个适当的比较组”；A选项“城市的总体人口概况是衡量的适当基准”，C选项“没有定量的基准允许人们质疑（或合理化）大量的黑人和西班牙裔警察参与的枪击受害者”以及D选项“其他城市和整个美国都存在类似的戏剧性的种族不均衡现象”和原文不符合。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

问题1选项

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项exhausted“筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的；耗尽的；枯竭的”；B选项abandoned“被抛弃的；（房屋，车辆）被废弃的；无约束的；恣意放荡的”；C选项injured“受伤的；受损害的”；D选项deserted“荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的”。句意：手术使病人___，需要很长的时间恢复，现在却使他们感到轻松舒适。本句表达“手术让病人精疲力竭”，因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

X.(IntellectualProperties)

WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).ThispanelmayoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicareifQualityKing“undercutsthetheoryorreasoningunderlyingthepriorcircuitprecedentinsuchawaythatthecasesareclearlyirreconcilable”.

ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.QualityKinginvolved“roundtrip”importation;aproductwithaU.S.copyrightedlabelwasmanufacturedinsidetheUnitedStates,exportedtoanauthorizedforeigndistributor,soldtounidentifiedthirdpartiesoverseas,shippedbackintotheUnitedStateswithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,andthensoldinCaliforniabyunauthorizedretailers.TheCourtheldthat109(a)canprovideadefensetoanactionunder602(a)inthiscontext.However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).Moreover,theCourtneverdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“lawfullymadeunderthistide”means.

WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘acquiredabroad’languagedoes”.Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.

WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.ThecommonunderstandingofthepresumptionagainstextraterritorialityisthataU.S.statute“appliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythestatute?”

OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale

87.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheparagraphs?

88.ThesecondissuethecourtinOmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesaleconsiderediswhether___.

89.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthat___.

90.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbesttodescribethelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.QualityKingisacasedecidedbytheSupremeCourtoftheUS.

B.QualityKingisacaseregardingintellectualproperties.

C.QualityKingoverruledBMGMusic,DrugEmporiumandDenbicare.

D.TheCourtinQualityKingdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.

问题2选项

A.thecourt’sgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

B.theSupremeCourt’sreasoninginQualityKingcannotreconcilewiththecourt’sdecisionregarding109(a)

C.109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

D.theSupremeCourtdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“lawfullymadeunderthistitle”meant

问题3选项

A.QualityKingdismissedaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

B.merelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofforeignsalesdoesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymore

C.thetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireanextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

D.theconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightActwasrejectedinQualityKing

问题4选项

A.Thecourt’sviewontheapplicationscopeof109(a)isnotirreconcilablewiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

B.Costco’scontentionwasrejectedbecauseitcontradictstheSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

C.ThegeneralunderstandingofextraterritorialitydoesnotconflictwiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonthesametopic.

D.AUnitedStatesstatuteappliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】87.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.（很明显，QualityKing并没有直接否决BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare）可知C选项“QualityKing否决了BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare”错误；根据第一段第一句WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).（我们现在讨论的是最高法院在“质量王”一案中的判决在多大程度上推翻了本巡回法院第109(a)号判决）可知A选项“QualityKing是美国最高法院裁决的案件”符合原文；However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).（但是，由于事实只涉及国内制造的复制品，法院没有处理第109(a)条对涉及未经授权进口国外制造的复制品的索赔的影响。（Ginsburg,J.，赞同）（“我们今天不解决涉嫌侵权的进口产品是在国外制造的案件。”））可知B选项“QualityKing是一个关于知识产权的案例”以及D选项“法院关于QualityKing没有处理第109(a)条对涉及未经授权进口海外制式副本的索赔的影响”符合原文。因此C选项符合题意。

88.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段开头WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.（我们接下来要考虑的是，QualityKing的理由是否明显与我们的一般规则不一致，即109(a)仅限于“合法制作……在美国”。该规则的依据是，我们担心对外国制作的副本适用109（a）将违反美国法律域外适用的推定。）以及第三段结尾Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.（Costco认为这一解释与我们对BMGMusic中109(a)的解释是不一致的）可知法院在OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale案中考虑的第二个问题为C选项“109(a)仅限于‘合法制作……在美国’”，同时可知A选项“法院的一般规则是109(a)仅限于‘合法制作……在美国’”错误，原文未提及法院的一般规则；B选项“最高法院关于质量国王的理由与法院关于109(a)的决定不能调和”和D选项“最高法院讨论了第109(a)条的范围或定义了‘根据本标题依法作出’的含义”不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

89.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文划线句子QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘acquiredabroad’languagedoes”.（QualityKing驳斥了一个类似的担忧，即外国销售触发109（a）将要求对《版权法》进行无效的域外适用，解释说，仅仅承认此类销售的发生“并不需要该法的域外适用，正如602（a）‘在国外获得的’语言所要求的那样”）可知选D选项“在QualityKing中，关于109(a)的国外销售会导致著作权法的域外适用无效的担忧被否决了”；A选项“QualityKing驳回了著作权法域外的无效适用”，B选项“仅仅承认国外销售的发生不再需要本法的域外适用”以及C选项“通过国外销售触发109(a)将需要著作权法的域外适用”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。

90.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到最后一段WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.（我们拒绝Costco的论点，并认为最高法院关于治外法权的简短讨论并非“明显不可调和”，我们的一般限制是109（a）对在美国合法制作的副本）可知作者表达的是最高法院对治外法权的解释和109（a）只限于在美国合法生产并不是明显矛盾的，选A选项“法院关于109(a)条适用范围的观点与最高法院关于治外法权的观点并非不可调和”，同时可知C选项“对治外法权的一般理解与最高法院对同一专题的看法并不冲突”错误；B选项“Costco的论点被驳回了，因为它与最高法院关于治外法权的观点相矛盾”以及D选项“美国法令仅适用于发生在美国领土内或在美国领土内有效的行为”和最后一段不符。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages___inthedictionary.

问题1选项

A.missing

B.losing

C.dropping

D.leaking

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项missing“丢失，缺失”；B选项losing“浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过”；C选项dropping“推动；帮助；宣扬；下降；终止”；D选项leaking“使渗漏，泄露；漏，渗；泄漏出去；透露”。句意：约翰向书商抱怨这本字典___几页。本句表达“字典缺失几页”，现在分词做后置定语，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Ⅹ.(IntellectualProperties)

Incaseswhereanominativefairusedefenseisraised,weaskwhether(1)theproductwas“readilyidentifiable”withoutuseofthemark;(2)defendantusedmoreofthemarkthannecessary;or(3)defendantfalselysuggestedhewassponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.ButifthenominativeusesatisfiesthethreefactorNewKidstest,itdoesn’tinfringe.IfthenominativeusedoesnotsatisfyalltheNewKidsfactors,thedistrictcourtmayorderdefendantstomodifytheiruseofthemarksothatallthreefactorsaresatisfied;itmaynotenjoinnominativeuseofthemarkaltogether.ThedistrictcourtenjoinedtheTabarisfromusing“anyTTTdomainname,servicemark,trademark,tradename,metatagorothercommercialindicationoforiginthatincludesthemarkLEXUS.”Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.Accordingly,“wemustensurethattheinjunctionistailoredtoeliminateonlythespecificharmalleged.”Toupholdthebroadinjunctionenteredinthiscase,wewouldhavetobeconvincedthatconsumersarelikelytobelieveasiteissponsoredorendorsedbyatrademarkholderwheneverthedomainnamecontainsthestringoflettersthatmakeupthetrademark.Inperformingthisanalysis,ourfocusmustbeonthe“‘reasonablyprudentconsumer’inthemarketplace”.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.Theinjunctionhereisplainlyoverbroad—asevenToyota’scounselgrudginglyconcededatoralargument—becauseitprohibitsdomainnamesthatontheirfacedispelanyconfusionastosponsorshiporendorsement.

87.The3factortestfornominativefairuseisNOTdesignedto___.

88.Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementbecause___.

89.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecaninferthat___.

90.WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforthecourttoupholdthebroadinjunctionmadebythelowercourt?

问题1选项

A.preventamistakenbeliefthattheuseisendorsedbythetrademarkholder

B.resolvethelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeuse

C.dealwiththemistakenbeliefbytheconsumers

D.addresstheriskofnominativeuse

问题2选项

A.itisnotnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

B.acompanymayusemoremarksthannecessary

C.ofacompany’suseofanunnecessarytrademark

D.itisnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

问题3选项

A.theFirstAmendmentconcernswithfreedomofspeech

B.atrademarkinjunctioncaninterferewithtruthfulcommunication

C.atrademarkinjunctionalwaysinvolvesnominativefairuse

D.buyersandsellersareinthemarketplace

问题4选项

A.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace.

B.Theunreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppers

C.Theprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline

D.ThekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’website

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】87.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.（这个测试“评估指称性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解决这样一种风险，即商标的提名使用会让消费者误以为说话者是由商标持有人赞助或支持的）可知C选项“处理消费者的错误信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素测试设计的目的；A选项“防止错误地认为使用是由商标持有人支持的”，B选项“解决指称性使用混淆的可能性”以及D选项“解决指称性使用的风险”是其测试涉及的目的。因此C选项正确。

88.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.（第三个因素直接说明了这种混淆的风险，而其他因素则间接说明了这一点：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商标或比必要的商标“更多”，消费者可能会合理地推断出赞助或支持）可知选B选项“一个公司可能使用比必要的更多的标志”；A选项“公司没有必要使用商标”，C选项“公司使用不必要的商标”以及D选项“公司使用商标是必要的”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

89.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子部分Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.（一项商标禁令，特别是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能会引起《第一修正案》(FirstAmendment)的严重关切，因为它可能会干扰市场上买卖双方的真实沟通）可知B选项“商标禁令可能干扰真实沟通”符合原文；A选项“第一修正案涉及言论自由”，C选项“商标禁令总是涉及到命名的合理使用”以及D选项“买方和卖方在市场”无法从划线句子部分推断出，排除。因此B选项正确。

90.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.（相关市场是网络市场，相关消费者是习惯在网上购物的合理谨慎的消费者；这类消费者在购买豪华车等昂贵产品时，可能会访问Tabaris的网站。不合理、轻率和缺乏经验的网上购物者并不必要）可知选B选项“不合理、轻率和缺乏经验的网络购物者”；A选项“相关的市场是在线市场”，C选项“习惯网上购物的谨慎消费者”以及D选项“可能访问Tabaris网站的消费者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

I.Thepsychologicalexplorationintolitigants’proceduralpreferencesdatesbacktotheearly1970s,whenempiricalresearchbyThibautandWalker—largelyregardedastheoriginatorsoftheproceduraljusticeparadigm—andtheircolleaguesrevealedthatlaypeoplecareabouttheirdirectandindirectcontroloverlegaldecisionsthataffectthem.Theydemonstratedthatwhenlaypeopleevaluateprocedures,theygenerallyassesshowtheproceduresdistributecontrolbet