2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号59

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thesubwaysandbusestendtobe___duringtherushhours.

问题1选项

A.overcrowded

B.overwhelmed

C.overshadowed

D.overgrown

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项overcrowded“过度拥挤的”；B选项overwhelmed“被压倒的，被淹没的；受宠若惊的，不知所措的”；C选项overshadowed“使失色；使蒙上阴影；遮阴；比……更显眼”；D选项overgrown“蔓生的；生长过快的”。句意：地铁和公共汽车在高峰时间往往___。本句表达“在高峰期间过度拥挤”。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

TheNo.1domestic___ofthegovernmentistocleanuptheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.commission

B.committee

C.committence

D.commitment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项commission“委员会；佣金；服务费；犯；委任；委任状”；B选项committee“委员会”；C选项committence“错误单词”；D选项commitment“承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身；花费金钱、时间、人力等”。句意：政府的首要国内___是清理环境。本句表达“首要国内承诺”，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(弹夹)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一个社会化新闻网站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美国司法部长，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——诺贝尔和平奖获得者),orJohnLennon(约翰•列侬——披头士乐队成员)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

问题1选项

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

问题2选项

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

问题3选项

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

问题4选项

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。第一段提到两个例子，第一是主播大卫•格雷戈里在直播中有非法举动，但是检察官决定不起诉他，第二个例子是Reddit创始人艾伦•斯沃茨，他从一个封闭的数据库中下载学术期刊文章，检察官决定起诉他，艾伦•斯沃茨在面临可能50年监禁的情况下自杀了，结合第二段所提到的内容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事实上，只要检察官认定，任何美国人都有被起诉的风险）可知第一段所举的两个例子是想表明检察官在起诉人时有很大的权利，很自由，选B选项“检察官在起诉人时有很大的自由裁量权”；A选项“炫耀杂志并不像下载成千上万的学术文章那么严肃”和C选项“不同地方的检察官有不同的起诉标准”原文未提及；D选项“艾伦•斯沃茨自杀了，因为他不想待在监狱里”虽然原文提及，但是只是一个例子中的一个方面，并不能概括作者举两个例子的意图。因此B选项正确。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鉴于目前存在的庞大的法律法规网络，如果检察官认定，几乎任何美国人都有被起诉的风险）可知作者在这里想表明的问题是检察官在起诉人时有很大的权利，很自由，选D选项“检察官对被大量法律放大的犯罪指控个人的自由裁量权”，同时可知A选项“缺乏违反网站条款的法律”错误，原文提到了“存在的庞大的法律法规网络”，A选项和原文相悖；B选项“任何美国人都有被起诉的风险”以及C选项“现在有太多的立法和法规”并不是第二段提出的主要问题，第二段主要想强调检察官的权利。因此D选项正确。

65.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆•吴2007年所述，在纽约南区的美国检察官办公室里，一个流行的游戏是给一个名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者约翰•列侬并决定如何起诉他们：“然后由初级检察官找出一个合理的罪名来起诉他或她。这些罪行通常不是强奸、谋杀或你在电视节目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美国法典中的令人难以置信的广泛而模糊的罪行，就像一个法学雷区）可知这个小游戏是决定如何用不寻常的罪行起诉名人，选D选项“普通犯罪不适合特蕾莎修女或约翰列侬”；A选项“在一些地方用来培训初级检察官”原文未提及；B选项“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C选项“找出约翰列侬可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D选项正确。

66.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是剧烈的和令人不安的）可知作者对于美国该情况是十分担心的，选C选项“担心”；A选项“满意”，B选项“亏本”以及D选项“有关”都不符合原文作者的态度。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

问题1选项

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convinced“说服；使确信，使信服”；B选项anticipated“预料，预期；预见，预计（并做准备）”；C选项resolved“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；D选项assured“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”。句意：人们___，垂直飞行运输将像今天的飞机一样运载数百万乘客。本句表达“人们曾经预计”，因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Ⅷ.Internationallaw

Legalconceptsofdomesticlawprofoundlyinfluencethewayhowoneapproachesandconceptualizesinternationallaw.JamesCrawfordhasobservedthat“itcannotbesaidtoooftenthatourthinkingaboutlawisinfiltrated,marinated,drenchedwiththeinfluenceofnationallegalsystems,withtheircharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsandvindicatingrights.Wewereallnationallawyersfirst”.Thatissurelyright(althoughthetrendtowardsspecializationthaterodestheauthorityofgeneralistsmightalsoeventuallyexpungethememoryofthedomesticoriginsoftheinvisiblecollege).

Thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreatiesthatcombineaconsensualform,primafaciereminiscentofthestructureemployedinthedomesticlawofcontracts,withasubstantivebreadth,primafacieextendingbeyondthelegalrelationshipsthatwouldbeaddressedbythelawofcontractsindomesticlaw.AconvenientpointofdepartureisthepropositionmadebyArnoldMcNairaslongagoasin1930,contrastingthevarietylegalformsemployedbythedomesticlegalorderwiththesparsenessofformbywhichinternationallawaddressedsubstantivelycomparablelegalrelationships:Theinternallawsofthemodernstateprovideitsmemberswithavarietyoflegalinstrumentsfortheregulationoflifewithinthatcommunity:thecontract;theconveyanceorassignmentofimmovableormovableproperty,whichmaybemadeforvaluableconsiderationormaybeagiftoranexchange;thegratuitouspromiseclothedinaparticularform;thecharterorprivateActofParliamentcreatingacorporation;legislation,whichmaybeconstituent,suchasawrittenconstitution,fragmentaryorcomplete,ormaybedeclaratoryofexistinglaw,orcreatenewlaw,orcodifyexistinglawwithcomparativelyunimportantchanges.Further,thoughrarely,wemayfindaconstitutionaldocumentwhichcloselyresemblestheinternationaltreatyitself.

Ifthedebateisputinahistoricalperspective,itmaybesaidthattheappropriatenessofdomesticanalogieshasbeendebatedinslightlydifferingtermsbyeachsucceedinggenerationofinternationallawyers.Inthelate19thcentury,HeinrichTriepeldrewthedistinctionbetweentreatiesanalogoustocontractsproperlyso-called,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedopposinginterests,andthelaw-makingtreatiesanalogoustoagreements,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedcommoninterests.

Intheinter-Warperiod,HerschLauterpachtdismissedanypracticalvalueofthedistinction,andmadeapowerfulargumentofanalogybetweendomesticcontractlawontheonehandandthelawoftreatiesandparticulartreatyregimesontheotherhand.Conversely,McNairmadeanequallypowerfulargumentforabroaderlistofpossibleanalogiesfromdomesticlaw,shiftingtheattentiontopubliclaw,andinparticularcasesshowingscepticismaboutthevalueofrelyingonprivatelaw.

1.JamesCrawfordthinksthat___.

2.ArnoldMcNaircomparedlegalformsindomesticlawwiththoseofinternationallawin1930andfoundthat___.

3.HeinrichTriepelmadethedistinctionbetween___.

4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanseethatHerschLauterpachtandMcNair___.

问题1选项

A.thecharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsinnationallegalsystemdecidestheinternationallegalsystem

B.influenceofnationallegalsystemsgetintoone’sthinkingaboutlaw

C.nationallawyerscandothingsbetter

D.internationallawismarinatedbynationallaw

问题2选项

A.forsubstantivelycomparablelegalrelationshipsthereweremuchlessformsofinternationallaw

B.internationaltreatiesresemblethestructureemployedinthedomesticlaw

C.thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreaties

D.thegratuitouspromiseisclothedinaparticularform

问题3选项

A.treatiesandcontracts

B.internationallawyersanddomesticlawyers

C.contractualparties

D.differenttypesoftreaties

问题4选项

A.disagreedonthenatureofinternationallaw

B.bothmadeanalogiesofinternationallawtodomesticlaw

C.applieddifferentmethodologyinanalyzingtherelationbetweeninternationallawanddomesticlaw

D.haddifferentviewinpossibleanalogies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词“JamesCrawford”定位到原文第一段JamesCrawfordhasobservedthat“itcannotbesaidtoooftenthatourthinkingaboutlawisinfiltrated,marinated,drenchedwiththeinfluenceofnationallegalsystems,withtheircharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsandvindicatingrights.Wewereallnationallawyersfirst”.（詹姆斯•克劳福德曾指出，“我们对法律的思考被国家法律体系的影响所渗透、浸泡、浸透，以及它们执行义务和维护权利的独特方式，这种情况不能说太多。我们首先都是国家律师”）可知选B选项“国家法律制度的影响进入人们对法律的思考”，同时可知A选项“在本国法律体系中履行义务的独特方式决定了国际法律体系”错误，我们对法律的思考被它们执行义务和维护权利的独特方式所影响，但是并没有说在本国法律体系中履行义务的独特方式能决定国际法律体系；C选项“国家律师可以做得更好”，D选项“国际法受国内法的制约”未提及。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到原文第二段开头Thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreatiesthatcombineaconsensualform,primafaciereminiscentofthestructureemployedinthedomesticlawofcontracts,withasubstantivebreadth,primafacieextendingbeyondthelegalrelationshipsthatwouldbeaddressedbythelawofcontractsindomesticlaw.（国内法的观点特别适用于国际条约，这些条约结合了协商一致的形式，表面上使人想起国内合同法所采用的结构，实质上具有广泛性，表面上超越了国内法中合同法所处理的法律关系）可知B选项“国际条约类似于国内法所采用的结构”，C选项“国内法的观点特别适用于国际条约”和原文相符；第一段thegratuitouspromiseclothedinaparticularform（无偿的承诺是以一种特殊的形式体现出来的）可知D选项“无偿的承诺是以一种特殊的形式体现出来的”符合原文；A选项“就实质性可比的法律关系而言，国际法的形式要少得多”原文未提及。因此A选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“HeinrichTriepel”定位到原文第三段HeinrichTriepeldrewthedistinctionbetweentreatiesanalogoustocontractsproperlyso-called,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedopposinginterests,andthelaw-makingtreatiesanalogoustoagreements,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedcommoninterests.（海因里希•特里佩尔区分了类似于合同的条约，即所谓的合同当事人追求对立利益的条约，以及类似于协议的立法条约，即合同当事人追求共同利益的条约）可知选D选项“不同类型的条约”；A选项“条约和合同”，B选项“国际律师和国内律师”以及C选项“合同方”和原文不符合。因此D选项符合题意。

4.定位到原文最后一段Intheinter-Warperiod,HerschLauterpachtdismissedanypracticalvalueofthedistinction,andmadeapowerfulargumentofanalogybetweendomesticcontractlawontheonehandandthelawoftreatiesandparticulartreatyregimesontheotherhand.Conversely,McNairmadeanequallypowerfulargumentforabroaderlistofpossibleanalogiesfromdomesticlaw,shiftingtheattentiontopubliclaw,andinparticularcasesshowingscepticismaboutthevalueofrelyingonprivatelaw.（在两次世界大战期间，HerschLauterpacht驳斥了这种区别的任何实际价值，并对国内合同法与条约和特定条约制度的法律之间的类比进行了强有力的论证。相反，麦克奈尔提出了一个同样有力的论点，认为可以从国内法中进行更广泛的类比，并将注意力转移到公法上，特别是那些对依靠私法的价值表示怀疑的案例）可知选D选项“在可能的类比中有不同的观点”；最后一段未提到他俩在国际法上有分歧，A选项“在国际法的性质上有分歧”错误；B选项“两者都将国际法与国内法进行了类比”和原文不符合；C选项“在分析国际法和国内法之间的关系时采用了不同的方法”在最后一段未提及。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

问题1选项

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

问题3选项

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

问题4选项

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段开头OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能会接受国际法和国际机构在导致美国入侵伊拉克的事件中发挥了重要作用，但仍然认为，最终，由于没有令人信服的法律依据，这次入侵的事实使关于使用武力的国际规则约束国家行为的想法和安理会在协调集体安全方面发挥重要作用的想法不可信），结合全文内容可知，作者主要在探讨分析伊拉克战争的合法性，选B选项“入侵伊拉克的合法性评估”；通读全文可知，国际法只是文章中所提到的片面内容，A选项“国际法和伊拉克战争”不能概括全文，排除；C选项“国际法对国家行为的约束力很小”和D选项“联合国和美国”不是文章主要探讨的内容，排除。因此B选项正确。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一项确定全世界人民在入侵后态度的努力表明，战争最大的伤亡之一是联合国对反对和支持战争的国家的人的信誉）可知伊拉克战争的最大受害者是联合国的信誉，选C选项“联合国的诚信”，同时可知A选项“联合国”范围过大，排除；B选项“反对和支持战争的各州的人”以及D选项“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知作者认为关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的，即反对伊拉克战争，选B选项“反对布什政府发动伊拉克战争”，同时可知A选项“阻碍布什政府发动伊拉克战争”错误，作者只是反对，不是阻碍，C选项“没有表达对伊拉克战争的赞成或反对意见”和D选项“在分析伊拉克战争的合法性时采取中立立场”错误，作者有明确的表明自己的观点。因此B选项正确。

62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知选D选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就得出关于使用武力和安理会使用的国际法有效性的广泛结论是错误的”；A选项“从美国那里得出关于使用武力的国际规则的作用或安理会的效用的笼统结论似乎是错误的”，B选项“就关于使用武力或安全理事会效用的国际规则的作用得出笼统的结论是错误的”以及C选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就不能得出关于使用武力的国际法的作用的结论”都和原文表达的含义有偏差。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

41.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

42.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof___.

43.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare___.

44.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably___.

45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

问题5选项

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（我们的英雄是运动员、艺人和企业家，而不是学者。甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是为了知识而追求知识）可知父母会希望孩子们在学校接受实用教育，选C选项“未来职业的实践能力”，同时可知D选项“对知识追求的信心”错误；A选项“独立思考的习惯”，B选项“对世界的深刻了解”未提及。因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到原文第四段“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.（历史学家兼教授理查德•霍夫施塔特在《美国生活中的反智主义》一书中写道：“知识分子被视为一种权力或特权而遭人憎恨。”这本曾获普利策奖的书探讨了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源）可推测出历史上美国人有反智主义，选A选项“低估智力”，同时可知B选项“倾向于理智主义”错误；C选项“支持学校改革”未提及；D选项“抑制天生的智力”属于过度推测。因此A选项正确。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段RichardHofstadter的观点，Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为是比你从书本中学到的任何东西都更高贵的品质）可以推测反智主义的教育体现为“读书无用论”；根据第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（教育作家DianeRavitch说：“学校一直处于一个实践比知识更重要的社会中。”）Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（Ravitch的新书《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》追溯了学校中反智主义的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有对美国人厌恶才学进行抵制）可以推测出Ravitch并不属于反智主义，她不认为读书无用，而是觉得“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”（学校可以成为一种平衡）；根据第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义。由此可知他俩的观点相反；A选项“相同”；B选项“相似”；C选项“互补”；D选项“相反”，其余三项和原文表达的观点不符，因此D选项正确。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义，选B选项“理性主义的反对者”，同时可知C选项“一个支持智力的学者”错误；A选项“教育改革的先驱”和D选项“常规学校教育的倡导者”和原文无关。因此B选项正确。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第三句Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方——而不是为了知识而追求知识）可以推断出作者认为学校只是送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是去为了知识而追求它的地方，侧面表达了作者认为知识是应该需要去追求的，结合倒数第二段Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.（根据霍夫施塔特的说法，才学不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一种我们勉强欣赏的品质。才学是头脑中批判、创造和沉思的一面。智力寻求掌握、操纵、重新安排和调整，而才学则检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象。）可知作者认为智力是天生的，但是才学是可以通过检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象这一系列所追求到，并没有提到才学仅次于智力，选C选项“它需要被追求”，同时可知A选项“它仅次于智力”错误；B选项“它从常识演变而来”和D选项“它是力量的基础”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

I’mafraidourfoodstockwillbe___beforelong.

问题1选项

A.putup

B.stayedup

C.savedup

D.usedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项putup“提供；建造；举起；提高；推举，提名；供给……住宿；直接行动”；B选项stayedup“不睡觉，熬夜”；C选项savedup“储蓄；贮存”；D选项usedup“用完，耗尽”。句意：恐怕我们的食物储备不久就会___。本句表达“不久就会用完事物”。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

___amountsofnoxiouswastesaredumpedintotheSonghuajiangRiver.

问题1选项

A.Appreciated

B.Appreciable

C.Appreciative

D.Appreciating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近字辨析。A选项Appreciated“欣赏（appreciate的ed形式）；感激；使增值；鉴别”；B选项Apprec