2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号19

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Infinance,opportunitycostanalysisreferstotheamountthatcouldhavebeenmadeinotherinvestments（

）theexpectedinvestmentreturn.

问题1选项

A.comparedin

B.ascomparing

C.compared

D.comparedwith

【答案】D

【解析】语法（分词做状语）题。分析题干结构可知，空格后的“theexpectedinvestmentreturn预计投资收益”在原句中充当状语成分，它的逻辑主语是theamount,需要用表示被动的过去分词，排除B选项；固定搭配becomparedwith，表示“与…相比”，所以D选项正确。

2.单选题

The（）fromunderdevelopedcountriesmaywellincreaseinresponsetothesoaringdemandforhigh-techprofessionalsindevelopednations.

问题1选项

A.braindamage

B.braintrust

C.brainfever

D.braindrain

【答案】D

【解析】考查语义。A选项braindamage“脑损伤”；B选项braintrust“智囊团”；C选项brainfever“脑膜炎”；D选项braindrain“人才外流”，句意为：由于发达国家对高科技专业人才的需求激增，来自不发达国家的人才外流很可能会增加。braindrain“人才外流”符合题意，因此选D。

3.单选题

I（）havewrittentohimbecausehephonedmeshortlyafterwards.

问题1选项

A.needn’t

B.oughtn’tto

C.wouldn’t

D.shouldn’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone“本来不必做”，隐含实际上已经做了，从下文“此后不久他就给我打了电话”可知用needn’thavewrittentohim。句意为：我本不必写信给他，因为他后来不久就给我打了电话。A选项正确。

4.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Storiesabouttheproblemsoftourismhavebecomelegioninthelastfewyears.Yetitdoesnothavetobeaproblem.

Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturesashashappenedwiththeSperpasofNepal’sKhumbuValleyandinsomeAlpinevillages.Andagrowingnumberofadventuretourismoperatorsaretryingtoensurethattheiractivitiesbenefitthelocalpopulationandenvironmentoverthelongterm.

IntheSwissAlpscommunitieshavedecidedthattheirfuturedependsonintegratingtourismmoreeffectivelywiththelocaleconomy.LocalconcernabouttherisingnumberofsecondhomedevelopmentintheSwissPaysd’Enhautresultedinlimitsbeingimposedontheirgrowth.Therehasalsobeenarenaissanceincommunalcheeseproductioninthearea,providingthelocalswithareliablesourceofincomethatdoesnotdependonoutsidevisitors.

ManyoftheArctictouristdestinationshavebeenexploitedbyoutsidecompanies,whoemploytransientworkersandrepatriatemostoftheprofitstotheirhomebase.ButsomeArcticcommunitiesarenowoperatingtourbusinessesthemselves,therebyensuringthatthebenefitsaccruelocally.Forinstance,anativecorporationinAlaska,employinglocalpeople,isrunninganairtourfromAnchoragetoKotzebue,wheretouristseatArcticfood,walkonthetundraandwatchlocalmusiciansanddancers.

NativepeopleinthedesertregionsoftheAmericanSouthwesthavefollowedsimilarstrategies,encouragingtouriststovisittheirpueblosandreservationstopurchasehigh-qualityhandicraftsandartwork.TheAcomaandSanIldefonsopuebloshaveestablishedhighlyprofitablepotterybusinesses,whiletheNavajoandHopigroupshavebeensimilarlysuccessfulwithjewelry.

Toomanypeoplelivinginfragileenvironmentshavelostcontrolovertheireconomies,theircultureandtheirenvironmentwhentourismhaspenetratedtheirhomelands.Merelyrestrictingtourismcannotbethesolutiontotheimbalance,becausepeople’sdesiretoseenewplaceswillnotjustdisappear.Instead,communitiesinfragileenvironmentsmustachievegreatercontrolovertourismventuresintheirregionsinordertobalancetheirneedsandaspirationswiththedemandsoftourism.Agrowingnumberofcommunitiesaredemonstratingthat,withfirmcommunaldecision-making,thisispossible.Thecriticalquestionnowiswhetherthiscanbecomethenorm,ratherthantheexception.

【答案】在过去的几年里，有关旅游业问题的报道层出不穷。然而，这并不一定是一个问题。

在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区的社区已经明确，他们的未来取决于更有效地将旅游业与当地经济结合起来。

该地区的公共奶酪生产也出现了复兴，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源。

仅仅限制旅游业不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方观光的渴望不会消失。

现在问题的关键是，这能否成为常态，而不是例外。

5.单选题

Unlikethehyena,（

）related,theaardwolfhasweakteethandjaws.

问题1选项

A.whichisit

B.whichitisto

C.whichisit

D.towhichitis

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格为非限制性定语从句，先行词为hyena，因为固定搭配relateto，所以which为关系代词，代替hyena在定语从句中充当to的宾语，介词to可以放到定语从句的末尾，也可以提到which的前面。句意：与自己有血缘联系的鬣狗不一样，土狼的牙齿和咽喉都比较虚弱。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Lastyear,whenPresidentGeorgeW.Bushannouncedthatfederalfundscouldbeusedtosupportresearchonhumanembryonicstemcells,hemandatedthatonlythosecelllinesthatexistedatthetimewouldqualifyforsuchsupport.Morethanayearlater,it’sbecomingincreasinglyclearthattheseexistingcelllinesareinadequate.Unlessmorearecreated,theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering.

Sincethisannouncement,theUSNationalInstitutesofHealthhastriedtostimulateresearchontheexistingcelllineswithnewfundingandeffortstostreamlinetheinitiallycumbersomeprocessofobtainingapprovedcells.However,whetherthereare60celllines,asoriginallystated,ornine,asnowappeartobeavailabletoNIH-fundedinvestigators,thenumberisnotadequate.Giventhegeneticdiversitywithinthepopulation,scientistsneedaccesstonewcelllinesiftheyaretocomeupwiththemosteffectivecelltherapies.

Theissueispartlyoneofsafety.Inconductingresearchwithhumanparticipants,wemustminimizerisks.Themosteffectivecelllinemightnotbethesafest.Whendevelopinganewmedicine,alargenumberofmoleculesmustbescreenedtofindabalancebetweeneffectivenessandsafety.Thesameistruewithcells.Inthecontextofcelltherapy,itwillbeimportanttominimizeunwantedimmunereactionsandinflammationthisrequiresselectionfromalargenumberofcelllinestoobtainthebestmatch.

It’sclearfromexperimentswithanimalsthatstem-celltherapiescanreducehumansufferingasParkinsonianmicehavebeencuredwithembryonicstemcellsthatwereprogrammedtobecomedopamine-secreting,replacementnervecells.Soon,cellsinducedtomakeinsulinintissuecultureswillbeusedinattemptstotreatdiabeticmice.Similarsuccesseshavebeenachievedinanimalmodelsofspinal-cordinjury,heartfailureandotherdegenerativedisorders.Weareatafrontierinmedicinewheretissueswillberestoredinwaysthatwerenotimaginablejustafewyearsago.Theethicalissuesraisedbyhuman-embryoresearchareprofound.Thehumancostsofrestrictingthisresearchmustbetakenintoaccountaswell.Thecostindollarsofdelayingnewstem-cellresearchisdifficulttoestimate.Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerativedisorders.

Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedicalscience.Ouruniversitiesandteachinghospitalsareunparalleled.Weattracttheverybeststudents,scientistsandphysiciansfromaroundtheworld.Buttheseinstitutionsarefragile.Researchandeducationplaykeyrolesinattractingthebestphysicians.Acrippledresearchenterprisemightaddanunbearablestresswithlong-lastingeffectsontheentiresystem.Ifrevolutionarynewtherapiesaredelayedoroutlawed,wecouldbesetbackforyears,ifnotdecades.

Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedandencouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.Thepallcastoverthesciencecommunitycouldextendfarbeyondstem-cellresearch.Manytherapieshaveemergedfromcollaborationbetweengovernment-sponsoredresearchersandprivateenterprise.Fewofthesediscoverieswouldhaveemergedif,forinstance,recombinantDNAresearchhadbeenoutlawed30yearsago.Wefacethesametypeofdecisiontodaywithlimitsplacedonhumanembryonicstemcells.Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquirywithcompletesharingofmethodsandresults,thefieldwillbelefttolessrigorousfringegroupshereandabroad.Patientsandsocietywillsuffer.

1.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thattheauthor（）.

2.Theword“streamline”inParagraph2probablymeans（）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretheconsequencesoftheresearchslowdownEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisTRUE?

5.Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.isinfavorofstem-cellresearch

B.welcomestheresearchslowdown

C.takesaneutralstandontheresearch

D.thinksitessentialtospeeduptheresearch

问题2选项

A.strengthen

B.simplify

C.ascertain

D.subvert

问题3选项

A.thenegativeimpactontechnicaladvancement

B.thedetrimenttothecultureofinquiry

C.thelossofone’sproductivity

D.thecollapseofAmericandreams

问题4选项

A.Someresearchersaredubiousofthefeasibilityoftheresearch.

B.Privateenterprisedoesn’tshowtheinterestintheresearch.

C.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweencautionandaudacity.

D.Manyresearchershavegivenuptheirresearch.

问题5选项

A.TheCellLines

B.TheStem-cellResearch

C.TheDangersofDelay

D.CostsonAmericanPatients

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.作者意图题。定位到文章第一段，“Unlessmorearecreated,theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering”，除非有更多的发明，否则研究速度的放缓可能会导致人类痛苦的惊人代价。由此说明作者认为加速研究是十分必要的，选项D正确。

2.语义推测题。A选项strengthen“加强、巩固”；B选项simplify“简化”；C选项ascertain“查明”；D选项subvert“颠覆、推翻”，定位到文章第二段，句意为：美国国立卫生研究院一直试图通过新的资助和简化最初繁琐的获得批准细胞的流程。选项B符合题意。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第四段，Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerativedisorders.这可能会造成数千亿美元的损失，尤其是如果再加上那些必须离开工作岗位去照顾退化性疾病受害者的人的生产力损失的话；第五段Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedicalscience，一个不那么明显但真实的代价是，美国在生物医学领域的探索和技术发展方面的非凡文化结构遭到破坏。thecollapseofAmericandreams“美国梦的破灭”不符合研究放缓带来的后果，因此选D。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第六段，Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedandencouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.“为了避免争议，一些研究人员将改变他们的研究方向。其他人将移民到允许和鼓励此类研究的国家。有些人会完全退出”，由此说明一些研究者是放弃了他们的研究的，选项D正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要谈论放缓细胞研究的危害，选项C正确。

7.单选题

Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.

问题1选项

A.thebest

B.thebetter

C.betterthan

D.asgoodas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……就越……”，B选项正确。句意是‘达尔文指出，一个生物拥有的生存特征越多，该物种拙有这些特征的机会越大。’

8.单选题

Itwasbynomeanseasytoworkforapresidentwhodemandedsecuritybeyondwhatwasreally（）.

问题1选项

A.calledfor

B.calledforth

C.calledup

D.calledat

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项callfor“要求、提倡”；B选项callforth“唤起、鼓起”；C选项callup“召集、征召”；D选项callat“访问、拜访”，句意为：在这样一位要求安全措施超出实际要求的总统手下工作绝非易事。callfor“要求、提倡”符合题意，因此选A。

9.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一项研究中，研究人员对大学生进行了为期四天的偷听，然后将每一次听到的谈话分类为“闲聊”或“实质性谈话”。他们发现第二种类型的学生与快乐有关——最快乐的学生进行实质性谈话的次数大约是最不快乐的学生的两倍。

2.但现在还不要对闲聊一笔勾销。科学家认为闲聊可以增进感情；和所爱的人保持亲密，不能仅仅是和陌生人尴尬的交流。

3.在一系列的实验中，心理学家就是否与火车上的其他乘客交谈给芝加哥的通勤者不同的建议。那些被告知与他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受独处”或做他们通常会做的事情的人更愉快。没有人说自己被拒绝了。

4.闲聊也能让我们感觉和周围的环境有联系。与那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些对咖啡师微笑、与他们进行眼神交流、与他们简短交谈的人有更强的归属感。

5.但是那些被认为“好奇”的人不需要别人的帮助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜欢的节日，变成亲密的交流。作者总结说，一种“好奇的心态”可以导致“积极的社会互动”。去吧，pry。闲聊不必是无聊的。噪音也不全是坏事。

10.单选题

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvariedenemies,therearenumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,onegeneralpatternofbehavior,inthepresenceofasuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation;ifthisfails,thenextresortisflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesandwarningdevicesarebroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispatternvarieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.

Amongstthefactorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarehunger,thematingseasonandsurprise,withthelastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak,butitiswhenitiscaughtunawaresthatthenormalchainofre-actionstendstobecometelescoped.Owingtotheirpoorsenseofhearing,snakesareveryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappingandasimilarsituationarisesduringtheirperiodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughingbegins.Byfarthegreatestnumberofsnake-biteaccidentsresultfromtheunwittingdisturbanceofrestingsnakes,andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewellcamouflagedandwhosenaturalinstinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipaldefense.Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmayunderstandablybelackinginobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,howanyencounterwilldevelop.

TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwithbeingamongstthemostaggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovokedattacks,yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway.

1.Whenasnakemeetsapotentialenemy,itsprimarydeviceis（）.

2.By“dispensewithallthepreliminaries”(thelastsentence,Para.l.),theauthormostprobablymeansthat（）.

3.Asnakeismostaggressivewhen（）.

4.Itisdifficulttopredictwhatwouldhappenwhenasnakemeetsamanbecause（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleinthelastparagraphtosupporthisideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidinganyobservation

B.findingasafeshelter

C.givingawarningthreat

D.startingaquick

问题2选项

A.thesnakescombineallthepreviousthreesteps.

B.thesnakesgiveupalltheprevioussteps.

C.thesnakesfollowallthepreviousstepsonebyone.

D.thesnakesreversetheorderofalltheprevioussteps.

问题3选项

A.itmeetsapossibleenemy

B.itiscaughtwhenitissleepingorsloughing

C.itisdisturbedunknowingly

D.itseeksapartnerinthematingseason

问题4选项

A.noonehaseverclearlyknownhowhehimselfwasbit

B.mantendstobesubjectivewhenhedescribeshisencounterwithasnake

C.theaggressivenessofthesnakesdiversifiesaccordingtodifferentsituations

D.asnakedoesnotbegintoattackwithoutprovocation

问题5选项

A.snakesdonotbegintheaggressiveactifitisnotdisturbed

B.somesnakesaremoreaggressiveandmorereadytoattack

C.itishardtoforecastwhetherandhowsnakeswouldattack

D.snakesoftenconcealthemselvesastheirprincipaldefense

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段，“inthepresenceofsuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation”，在可疑的敌人面前，第一反应是设法逃过观察。由此可知蛇第一装置是逃避任何的观察，因此选项A正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段，“somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce”，一些阶段可能被省略或合并不可预测，而一些臭名昭著的暴躁物种可能免除所有的准备，几乎一下子攻击。由此可知，蛇会放弃所有步骤直接攻击。因此选项B正确。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak.”当寻找食物或配偶时，活跃性和攻击性的本能都达到了顶峰，因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies”除了同一物种的个体在攻击能力上因环境和条件的不同而存在差异外，物种之间，甚至亲缘关系密切的物种之间也存在显著差异。由此可知，蛇应对不同的情况会呈现出不同的应对反应，因此蛇遇见人而做出的反应是难以预测的。选项C正确。

5.推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段，“yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway”，但有一次，14个人和7条狗在离一个巢穴两码的地方经过并返回，尽管雌蛇没有出现。守护鸟巢的鸟儿，不可能离得太远。由此可知蛇没有被打扰是不会进行应激行为的。因此选项A正确。

11.单选题

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

问题1选项

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】语法（倒装）题目。空格前一句“Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整个句子的时间状语，而当时间状语位于句首时，主句部分需要使用部分倒装，D选项正确。

12.翻译题

Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthestreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.1.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoices.Therewill,however,beacost:protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhighstreetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

2.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonthescreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theonlinecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

3.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.4.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

5.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicinesonlinemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

【答案】1.电子商务发展很快，很快就会给人们带来更多的选择。然而这是有代价的：保护消费者不受欺诈将会更加困难。因此，许多政府想要将商业街法规扩展到电子世界。

2.富有国家的消费者已经习惯了这样一种观念，即政府应对一切事情负责，从银行的稳定性到药品的安全，或者他们在商品出现问题时退款的权利。但是，政府不能对那些仅在屏幕上出现的企业执行国家法律。

3.方法之一就是要求各国政府加强合作：承认彼此的规则。但这需要多年的工作和大量的详细规则。

4.许多国家的规则太荒谬，以致清醒的国家无法接受。但是，还有另一种选择。让电子商务自己进行“监管”。

5.在电子商务中，诚实交易的声誉将是一项宝贵的竞争资产。政府也可能为了获得信任而竞争。

13.单选题

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（

）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

问题1选项

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项manipulate“操纵，控制”；B选项regulate“调节，管理”;C选项dominate“控制，支配”；D选项prevail“盛行，战胜”；空格前的“legislations法规”是这个动词的逻辑主语，所以跟“法规”搭配应该是B选项。

14.单选题

Iwish（）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.

问题1选项

A.Iwent

B.Ihadgone

C.togo

D.tohiveone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，以表示与事实相反的情况，针对现在时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去时”的虚拟形式；针对将来时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去将来时”的虚拟形式；而针对过去时间段的愿望，宾语从句则常用“过去完成时”。本题根据“IwasinSweden”可以看出是最后者，表示与过去事实相反的情况。句意为：我听说斯德哥尔摩是座美丽的城市。真希望在瑞典时去过那里。因此选B。

15.单选题

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelpwiththeperformance.

问题1选项

A.byaccident

B.atrandom

C.onoccasion

D.onaverage

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项byaccident“偶尔、意外地”；B选项atrandom“随意地、随机的”；C选项onoccasion“有时、不时地”；D选项onaverage“平均”，句意为：魔术师从观众中挑选了几个人，请他们帮忙表演。挑选观众是随机地，因此选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,menofallsocialclassesinBritainvisitpubs（1）regularly,（2）thekindofpubtheygoto（3）bedifferentandtheirreasons（4）goingthere（5）,too.Nowadaystheyoftentaketheirwivesorgirlfriends,whichused（6）.

ThefactisthatthetypicalEnglishpubischanging,（7）becauseofthelicensinglaws（8）sostrict（9）theywere,butalsobecausepublicansaretryingto（10）withtheoldVictorian（11）ofthepubandprovidecoupleswithanatmospherewherethey（12）enjoythemselves.Pubusednottoopenexcept（13）certaintimes.Theresultwasthattheywereusuallycoupledwithmenwhoseemed（14）asmuchaspossibleinthetime（15）.Butthatkindofpubisquicklybecomingathingof（16）.

Openinghoursarestilllimitedtoeighthours（17）day,butthepublicancannowchoosewhichhours（18）himbest.Andthesedaysyoucan（19）getacupofcoffeeifyoupreferittobeer.ButinspiteofthisthePuritanswouldneverdream（20）thatapubcouldbecomearepeatableplace.

问题1选项

A.very

B.just

C.quite

D.ever

问题2选项

A.though

B.however

C.sothat

D.incase

问题3选项

A.may

B.maybe

C.should

D.could

问题4选项

A.why

B.for

C.in

D.on

问题5选项

A.vary

B.varied

C.various

D.varying

问题6选项

A.tobenotthecase

B.nottobethecase

C.tobenotthefact

D.nottobethefact

问题7选项

A.partly

B.part

C.inpart

D.inparts

问题8选项

A.are

B.beingnot

C.notbeing

D.were

问题9选项

A.that

B.as

C.like

D.asto

问题10选项

A.makeway

B.doaway

C.takeaway

D.moveaway

问题11选项

A.image

B.view

C.drawing

D.painting

问题12选项

A.justcan

B.canboth

C.cantoo

D.alsocan

问题13选项

A.on

B.at

C.in

D.for

问题14选项

A.todrink

B.tobedrunk

C.tobedrinking

D.drunk

问题15选项

A.ideal

B.free

C.proper

D.available

问题16选项

A.past

B.thepast

C.before

D.pass

问题17选项

A.a

B.the

C.each

D.an

问题18选项

A.arefit

B.suitable

C.fits

D.suit

问题19选项

A.never

B.yet

C.still

D.even40.

问题20选项

A.ofadmitting

B.toadmit

C.ofbeingadmired

D.admitted

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:B

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:D

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:D

第19题:D

第20题:A

【解析】1.考查副词辨析。very和quite都是程度副词，用于修饰形容词或者副词，但语气和用法不同，quite意为“相当、非常”，句意：根据政府的统计数据，英国各个社会阶层的男人都经常光顾酒吧。由此可知去酒吧的频率是很高的，因此选项C正确。

2.考查语义关系。由上句“英国各个社会阶层的男人都经常光顾酒吧”和下句句意“他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同”可推测句意关系为转折关系，因此选项B正确。

3.考查情态动词辨析。may表示“可能”，表示可能性；should“应该、应当”，常用于纠正别人，提出或征询建议；could“能够”，用于询问是否可做某事。句意：他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同。may符合句子句意，因此选项A正确。

4.考查固定搭配。reasonfor表示“……的原因”，句意：他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同。因此选项B正确。

5.考查语义关系。various各种各样的、多方面的。句意：他们去酒吧的种类和原因也可能各不相同。因此选项C正确。

6.考查固定搭配。usedtobethecase意为“以前是这样的”，根据句意应为否定，句意：现在他们经常带着妻子或女朋友，而以前不是这样的。因此选项B正确。

7.考查语义辨析。句意：事实上，典型的英国酒吧正在发生变化，部分原因是营业执照法不像以前那么严格了。partly为副词，这里表程度，用作状语修饰becauseofthelicensinglawsnotbeingsostrict，营业执照法没有以前那么严格只是一部分原因，因此选项A正确。

8.考查语义辨析。句意：事实上，典型的英国酒吧正在发生变化，部分原因是营业执照法不像以前那么严格了。由此可知选项C正确。

9.考查语义辨析。句意：事实上，典型的英国酒吧正在发生变化，部分原因是营业执照法不像以前那么严格了。这里为as引导的比较状语从句，由此可知选项B正确。

10.考查固定搭配。makeway让路；takeaway带走、消除、减去；moveaway离开、搬走。句意：也是因为酒吧老板们想要改变酒吧原有的维多利亚时代的形象，为情侣们提供一种双方都能玩得开心的氛围。因此选项C正确。

11.考查名词辨析。image“影像、想象”；view“观察、视野”；drawing“图画”；painting“油画、绘画”。句意：也是因为酒吧老板们想要改变酒吧原有的维多利亚时代的形象，为情侣们提供一种双方都能玩得开心的氛围。因此选项A正确。

12.考查语义关系。句意：也是因为酒吧老板们想要改变酒吧原有的维多利亚时代的形象，为情侣们提供一种双方都能玩得开心的氛围。句中提到情侣，因此选项B正确。

13.考查固定搭配。atcertaintimes在某些时候，句意：酒馆过去只在特定时间开放。因此选项B正确。

14.考查固定搭配。句意：结果是，她们身边的男性似乎在时间允许的情况下尽可能多地喝酒。seemtobe后接doing形式，因此选项C正确。

15.考查形容词辨析。ideal“理想的”；free“自由的”；proper“适当的”；available“可获得的”。句意：结果是，她们身边的男性似乎在时间允许的情况下尽可能多地喝酒。选项D符合题意，因此选项D正确。

16.考查固定搭配。athingofthepast已成为过去，句意：但这种酒吧正迅速成为过去式。因此选项B正确。

17.考查冠词辨析。句意：酒店的营业时间仍然限制在一天8小时。一天表达为aday，表示泛指，因此选项A正确。

18.考查动词辨析。句意：酒店的营业时间仍然限制在每天8小时，但酒店老板现在可以选择最适合自己的营业时间。hours为复数形式，因此选项D正确。

19.考查副词辨析。句意：现在，如果你更喜欢咖啡而不是啤酒，你甚至可以喝一杯咖啡。因此选项D正确。

20.考查介词辨析。句意：尽管如此，清教徒们却从未想过承认，一家酒吧可以成为一个可复制的地方。dreamof梦想、预见，后接ing形式，因此选项A正确。

17.单选题

Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheUShavehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanscanner（

）.

问题1选项

A.opposite

B.organic

C.occasional

D.optical

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项opposite“对面的，相反的”；B选项organic“有机的，组织的”；C选项occasional“偶然的，临吋的”；D选项optical‘视觉的，光学的，光读取的”；根据被修饰词scanner确定D选项正确。

18.单选题

Alcoholismanddrugaddictionhasalreadyreachedepidemicproportionsinthe21stCentury.Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety:forexamplethatpoorpeoplefrompoorneighborhoodsandethnicminoritiesaremorelikelytobeaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground.Anotherfactisthatdrugandalcoholrelatedcrimesareincreasingallovertheworld.

Therearemanyreasons