2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号66

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacentury-longstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworks.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilities,andemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWar,forexample,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshavecolludedovertheyearsinestablishingdifferent,lessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomenthanformen,thusreducingwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courts,andemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoaffectedwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesorsterilityinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostay,andthattheirneeds-goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace-aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingresultedfromthepassageorrevivalofstatelawslimitingtheworkhoursofwomenworkers?.

2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,theauthorconsiderswhichofthefollowingtobemosthelpfulindeterminingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

3.Themainpointofthepassageisthatspecialprotectivelaborlawsforwomenworkersare（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans?

5.Accordingtothepassage,speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendgenerallytohavewhichofthefollowingeffects?

问题1选项

A.Womenworkerswerecompelledtoleavetheirjobsinfactories.

B.Manyemployershaddifficultyinprovidingjobsforreturningveterans.

C.Manyemployersfoundithardtoattractwomenworkers.

D.Thehealthofmostwomenfactoryworkersimproved.

问题2选项

A.comparativestudyofpatternsofwork-relatedillnessesinstatesthathadsuchlawsandinstatesthatdidnot.

B.Anestimateofhowmanywomenworkersareinfavorofsuchlaws.

C.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcomplyingwithsuchlaws.

D.Anexaminationoftheactualeffectsthatsuchlawshavehadinthepastonwomenworkers.

问题3选项

A.unnecessarybecausemostworkersarewellprotectedbyexistinglaborlaws.

B.harmfoltotheeconomicinterestsofwomenworkerswhileofferingthemlittleornoactualprotection.

C.notworthpreservingeventhoughtheydorepresentahard-wonlegacyofthelabormovement.

D.controversialbecausemaleworkersreceivelessprotectionthantheyrequire.

问题4选项

A.Theycoverallthecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingmen,butonlysomeofthoseaffectingwomen.

B.Theylackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkersthatproposedspeciallaborlawsforwomenwouldprovide.

C.Theypaythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirthonlyforthespousesofmaleemployees,notforfemaleemployees.

D.Theymeetminimumlegalrequirements,butdonotadequatelysafeguardthehealthofeithermaleorfemaleemployees.

问题5选项

A.Theytendtomodifythestereotypesemployeesoftenholdconcerningwomen.

B.Theyincreasetheadvantagetoemployersofhiringmeninsteadofwomen,makingitlesslikelythatwomenwillbehired.

C.Theydecreasethelikelihoodthatemployerswilloffermoreprotectiontowomenworkersthanthatwhichisabsolutelyrequiredbylaw.

D.Theyincreasethetendencyofemployerstodenyhealthinsuranceanddisabilityplanstowomenworkers.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干定位至第二段第三句，此句前一句便是本题答案。

2.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段:Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing(即使简短回顾法院和雇主的以往做法，这些法律的成果也似乎是苦涩的：实际上，它们更多的是一种诅咒，而不是好事)。

3.主旨大意题。A、D可以排除。文章第一段提到，特别保护妇女的劳动法是经过一个世纪的斗争获得的，但是只要稍微审视一下过去就能发现这些法律与其说是一件好事，不如说是一种灾祸。这是C项的意思，但是下文都在证明的最后一段第一句话：protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose,即这些法律使妇女失去工作、遭受了经济利益的损失，但并未对妇女提供太多的保护，B选项概括全文大意。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词employeehealthinsuranceplans定位至第二段最后一句,由此推测A项(它们涵盖了所有影响男性的常见医疗状况，但仅包括一些影响女性的情况)正确。

5.细节题。作者认为，正是因为有了这些特殊的针对妇女的劳动法，用人单位才能堂而皇之地以妇女不适合相关的工作为由，不再雇佣妇女。最后一句也说“立法者们应当认识到妇女应当保留在劳动力中...”因此B项(他们增加了雇主雇佣男性而不是女性的优势，从而减少了雇佣女性的可能性)正确。

2.单选题

Thegovernmentwilltakesomeactionto（）thetwobigquarrelingcompanies.

问题1选项

A.jigsaw

B.jot

C.impulse

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。jigsaw用锯锯；jot匆匆记下；impulse推动;reconcile调和。句意:政府将采取措施这两家起争执的大公司。因此D项符合句意。

3.单选题

Although（wornout）byyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonreluctantlyacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.favored

B.exhausted

C.honored

D.weakened

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。wornout表示“筋疲力尽，疲惫不堪”；A项favor“较喜欢，偏袒，有利于”，B项exhaust“使精疲力尽，耗尽”，C项honor“尊敬”，D项weaken“减少，使变弱，使变淡”。句意：尽管由于多年为国家服务而疲惫不堪，华盛顿还是不情愿地接受了美国总统的职位。因此，根据句意可知B选项正确。

4.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

问题2选项

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

问题3选项

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

问题4选项

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何评价柏林的梦想机场？说话者提到该机场成了德国人的笑话，因此D选项“这在德国人中成了一个笑话”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它现在是欧洲最大最繁忙的机场”录音中并没有信息提及，并且这个机场尚未竣工，所以A选项可排除；B选项“它是德国历史上管理最差的机场”利用录音中perpetualmismanagement设干扰，录音只是提到机场长期管理不善，但无法知道是不是德国历史上最差的，因此排除B选项；C选项“它已经成为德国效率的典型象征”，录音提到德国因为效率而闻名，但现在这个机场错漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C选项明显错误。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问为何柏林需要一个新机场？录音提到，重新统一后的柏林需要一个比现有机场容量大得多的现代机场，说明现有机场的容量对重新统一后的柏林来说是不够的，无法匹配新时期的需求，也就是说“这个城市的机场已经过时”，因此D选项正确。A选项“这个城市想吸引更多游客”和B选项“这个城市想要发展经济”在录音中均未提及；C选项“这个城市刚刚重新统一”是对录音中newly-reunified的断章取义，“重新统一”只是当时的时代背景，表明进入了一个新的时期，但并非计划兴建新机场的原因。

24.WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么柏林一再推迟其梦想机场的开放？录音提到，发现问题第一次推迟之后，又发现消防安全系统存在重大问题，接着再推迟，随后又出现了许多其他的主要问题，拖延的时间越长，检查发现的问题就越多。因此A选项“各种各样的问题不断涌现”正确。B选项“资金短缺延误了工程建设”和C选项“建筑公司违反了合同”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“市政府不断更换”利用录音中的changedhands设干扰，更换的是规划公司的领导层，并不是市政府，因此D选项不正确。

25.Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问机场闲置时会发生什么？录音提到，闲置的机场造成了巨大的成本，因此B选项“巨大的维护成本会积累起来”正确。A选项“当地居民的抱怨增加”，录音中只是提到居民对于机场的态度是frustration“沮丧”，并没有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A选项。C选项“所有设备都生锈”和D选项“柏林的旅游业受到影响”在录音中均没有信息提及。

5.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是thegrowth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Thepilotmadealast（frantic）distresscallbeforehebailedout.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.desperate

C.routine

D.futile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的”；B选项desperate“绝望的”；C选项routine“常规的”；D选项futile“无效的”。句意：飞行员在跳伞前发出了最后一个绝望的求救信号。划线部分frantic是绝望的意思。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ittendstodwellupontheirjoyousexperiences.

B.Ithastroubleconcentratingafterabraininjury.

C.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.

D.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.

问题2选项

A.Tostudytherelationbetweenhealthanddaydreaming.

B.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.

C.Toobservehowone’smindaffectsone’sbehavior.

D.Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.

问题3选项

A.Itcontributestotheircreativity.

B.Itcontributestoclearthinking.

C.Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.

D.Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.

问题4选项

A.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.

B.Non-daydreamersweremorefocusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.

C.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.

D.Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】PassageTwo

In2014,onein16Americansvisitedthehospitalemergencyroomforhomeinjuries.Oneofthemaincausesoftheseaccidents?Awanderingmind![12]Byoneestimate,peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours.

Psychologistshaverecentlyfocusedonthetendencytothinkaboutsomethingotherthanthetaskoneisdoing.[13]Foroneexperiment,researchersdevelopedanapptoanalyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness.Theyfoundthattheaverageperson’smindwanderedmostfrequently(about65%ofthetime)duringpersonalactivities,suchasbrushingtheirteethandcombingtheirhair.Respondents’mindstendedtowandermorewhentheyfeltupsetratherthanhappy.Theyweremorelikelytowandertowardpleasanttopicsthanunpleasantones.

Howdodaydreamsaffectdaydreamers?Awanderingmindleavesusvulnerablewhendriving.Inonestudy,researchersinterview955peopleinvolvedintrafficaccidents.Themajorityofthemreportedhavingdaydreamjustbeforetheaccident.Yetotherresearchsuggeststhatdaydreaminghasbenefits.Researchershavefoundthatitgivesusachancetothinkaboutourgoalsand[14]italsoseemstoincreasecreativity.Inoneexperiment,145undergraduatescompletedfour“unusualuses”tasks,eachrequiringthemtolistasmanyusesaspossibleforeverydayobject.Afterthefirstpairoftaskswascompleted,onegroupofparticipantswasassignedanundemandingactivityintendedtocausetheirmindstowander.Whenalltheparticipantsproceededtothesecondpairoftasks,[15]thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers.

12.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutpeople’smind?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是这篇文章提到的关于人的思想的信息。录音开头提到：据估计，人们几乎一半的清醒时间都在幻想（peopledaydreamthroughnearlyhalfoftheirwakinghours），C选项“醒着的时候，几乎有一半的时间都在走神”与之表述一致，因此正确。干扰项是A选项“倾向于沉湎于他们快乐的经历”，录音中提到的是他们更倾向于谈论愉快的话题（pleasanttopics），因此A选项不正确；B选项“大脑受伤后很难集中注意力”和D选项“容易受到负面情绪的影响”在录音中均未提及。

13.Forwhatpurposedidtheresearchersdevelopthenewapp?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问研究人员开发这款新软件的目的是什么？录音提到，在一项实验中，研究人员开发了一款应用程序来分析幻想和幸福之间的关系（analyzetherelationshipbetweendaydreamingandhappiness），D选项“找出幸福是如何与幻想关联的”是此信息的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“健康与幻想的关系”；B选项“看看为什么幻想会影响一个人的行为”；C选项“观察一个人的思想如何影响他的行为”均不正确。

14.Howdoesdaydreamingbenefitpeopleaccordingtosomeresearchers?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问根据一些研究者的说法，幻想是怎样使人受益的？录音中也提到了幻想的好处：研究发现，它给了我们思考目标的机会，而且似乎还能提高创造力（increasecreativity），A选项中的contributesto是录音中increase的同义替换，因此A选项正确；B选项“有助于清晰思考”；C选项“帮助他们挖掘潜力”；D选项“有助于他们做出正确的决定”均不正确。

15.Whatwasthefindingoftheexperimentwith145undergraduates?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问那个有145名本科生参加的实验发现了什么？录音最后提到，当所有参与者进行第二组任务时，“幻想者”的表现比其他人好40%（thedaydreamersperformed40percentbetterthantheothers），由此可知，A选项“幻想者在做任务时的表现优于非幻想者”与之表述一致，因此正确。由上也可排除B选项“非幻想者比幻想者更专注于自己的任务”和C选项“两组之间的表现差异不明显”；而D选项“有明确目标的受试者的表现优于没有明确目标的受试者”在录音中并没有提及明确目标这一信息，因此错误。

8.单选题

Topleasenoone[A]Iwillprescribeadeadlydrug,[B]norgiveadvicewhichmaycausehisdeath.[C]NorwillIgive[D]awomanapessarytoprocureabortion.ButIwillpreservethepurityofmylifeandmyart.

问题1选项

A.Iwillprescribe

B.norgiveadvice

C.NorwillI

D.awoman

【答案】A

【解析】A选项所在内容应该用倒装句式，将Iwillprescribe改为willIprescribe。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

问题2选项

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问在北美哪里可以找到许多最好的恐龙标本？录音中提到，如今可以在美国和加拿大一些大城市的自然历史博物馆里看到许多最好的标本，因此D选项“大城市的自然历史博物馆”与录音原文一致，因此正确。A选项“地势低洼的科罗拉多河沿岸”；B选项“国家恐龙纪念遗址”；录音开头提到，美国犹他州和科罗拉多州是恐龙骨骼的发掘地，如今被称为DinosaurNationalMonument，并不是标本保存的地方，因此A选项和B选项均可排除；C选项“美国和加拿大的边界沿线”，录音中提到了美国和加拿大，但并未提到边界，因此不正确。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问很多人看到坑壁里巨大的骨骼时会想到什么？录音中提到，许多人看到巨坑中的恐龙骨骼，认为是一些自然灾害使得一大群的恐龙葬身在这片区域，B选项“一些自然灾害导致该地区一群恐龙死亡”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“火山爆发使得整个动物群灭绝”和D选项“整片地区一定是被洪流淹没的”表述过于绝对，录音中均没有明确的信息可以证明，因此可排除；C选项“这个巨坑应该小心保存下来用作恐龙研究”在录音中未提及，因此不选。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestaboutthelargenumberofdinosaurbonesfoundinthepit?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话人对于在巨坑中发现的大量恐龙骨骼有什么看法？录音中提到，大部分遗骸可能是顺着河流向东漂流而下，最后留在了一个浅滩上。A选项“它们顺着河流向东漂流而下”正确。B选项“它们被深埋在沙子里达数百万年之久”和C选项“它们是栖息在当地的恐龙的骨骼”在录音中并没有提及；D选项“它们是死于火山喷发的恐龙的遗骸”最具有干扰性，主要是利用录音中的volcanicexplosion设置干扰，录音中虽然明确提及火山喷发可能造成大群恐龙死于巨坑之中是其他人的观点，并不是说话人的观点，因此可排除。

10.单选题

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

问题1选项

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。wretched“可怜的，卑鄙的”；worried“担心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪恶的，恶劣的，不道德的”。句意：我觉得我染上流感了，因为我整天感觉不舒服。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.

B.Itmayharmthecultureoftoday’sworkplace.

C.Itmayhinderindividualcareeradvancement.

D.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.

问题2选项

A.Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.

B.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.

C.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.

D.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.

问题3选项

A.Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.

B.Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.

C.Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.

D.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.25.

问题4选项

A.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.

B.Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.

C.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunities.

D.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’dliketotalkaboutthedangersofbeingtoocollaborative.Beingagoodteamplayerisacentralskillinourmodernworkplace.Theabilitytoworkwellwithothersandcollaborateonprojectsisasought-afterabilityinnearlyeveryposition.However,[22]placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayercannegativelyaffectyourcareergrowth.

Don’tbeoverlyfocusedongainingconsensus.Don’tbetooconcernedwiththeopinionsofothers.Thiscanhinderyourabilitytomakedecisions,speakupandgainrecognitionforyourindividualskillsandstrengths.

Somepeoplearetoosubordinatetoothers’opinions,toofocusedondecisionconsensus,toosilentabouttheirownpointofview,tooagreeabletotakethingsonwhentheydon’thavetimeorenergy.Thisleadstobuildingabrandofunderconfident,submissive,low-impactnon-leadersandhampersthen-growthandcareeradvancement.

[23]Collaborationcertainlymakesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify.Collaborativeprojectsmeanyou’resharingthespotlightwithothers.Outsidersmaythenfinditdifficulttodetermineyourcontributionsandstrengths.Thismayendupcostingyouopportunitiesforpromotionsorpayraises.Youcertainlyshouldn’tditchteamwork,buthowcanyouavoidthehazardsofbeinganover-collaborator?

Workinginateamcanhavehugebenefits.Yourteammayhaverepeatedsuccessesandoftengainrecognition,[24]youthenhavemoreopportunitiestoexpandyourprofessionalnetworkthanifyouworkedalone.However,findingabalancebetweenteameffortsandindividualprojectsthatgiveyouindependentrecognitionisimportantformakinganameforyourselfandprovidingopportunitiesforadvancement.

Beselectiveinwhoyouworkwith.Thiswillmaximizethebenefitsandminimizethedownsidesofbeingateamplayer.Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise.Selectprojectswherethere’spotentialformutualbenefit.Perhapsyou’rebringingyouruniqueknowledgeandgainingaccesstosomeoneelse’sprofessionalnetwork.Ormaybeyou’reabletolearnanewskillbyworkingwithsomeone.Seekoutyourteammatespurposefullyratherthanjumpingoneverynewgroupprojectopportunity.

Whenwe’retoocollaborative,wewanteveryonetoagreewithadecisionbeforeweproceed.[25]Thiscancreateunnecessarydelaysasyouholdmeetingstryingtoachieveconsensus.It’sfinetobecollaborativewhenseekinginput,butputadeadlineontheinputstageandarriveatadecision,evenifit’sadecisionthatdoesn’thaveconsensus.

22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbeingovercollaborative?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是录音中给出的关于过度合作的信息。录音开头提到过于强调成为一个好的团队成员会对职业发展产生负面影响，这里placingtoomuchemphasisonbeingagoodteamplayer即问题中所说的beingovercollaborative,因此C选项“可能阻碍个人职业发展”符合原文。A选项“它可能给团队成员带来太大压力”；B选项“它可能会损害当今的职场文化”和D选项“它可能会导致人们不愿意冒险”在录音中均未提及。

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleengagedincollaborativeprojects?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于参与合作项目的人，说话者说了什么？录音提到，合作会使个人能力和个人贡献更难被外人发现（makesyourindividualcompetenciesandcontributionsmoredifficultforoutsiderstoidentify）。D选项“他们可能会发现自己的贡献很难被识别出来”与之表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们几乎不能表达他们原来的观点”，录音说的是“他们太过隐藏自己的观点”（toosilentabouttheirownpointofview），因此A选项不正确；录音中只是提到了underconfident（信心不足），并没有提到“合作”对创造力和动力的影响，因此B选项“他们最终可能会失去信心和创造力”和C选项“他们会变得更没有动力去做自己的项目”均不正确。

24.Howdopeoplebenefitfromworkinginateam?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问人们从团队合作中得到什么益处？录音提到，在团队中工作有很大的好处——团队也许会多次获得成功，并经常获得认可，团队成员便有更多的机会来扩大其职业关系网（expandyourprofessionalnetwork），因此B选项“他们可以扩大自己的职业圈子”与之表述相符。A选项“他们可能有机会从事研究工作”这一信息在录音中并未提及；C选项“他们可以更容易地完成项目”，录音中没有对比个人项目和团队项目哪个更容易完成，因此可排除；D选项“他们可以充分利用自己的专业知识”，利用录音中的expertise设置干扰，录音中指的是与专业知识互补的人合作（Collaboratewithpeoplewhohavecomplementaryexpertise），而不是利用自己的专业知识，因此D选项也不正确。

25.Whyisitundesirabletospendtoomuchtimetryingtoreachconsensus?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么花太多时间以求达成共识会令人讨厌？录音最后提到，当我们过度合作时，会希望每个人都同意某个决定，而这会造成不必要的延误（createunnecessarydelays），也就是说“可能会妨碍我们及时做出决定”，因此A选项正确。B选项“可能会在团队中引起很多争论”在录音中未提及；C选项“可能剥夺团队的商业机会”，主要是利用录音中的opportunitiesforadvancement（晋升机会）和groupprojectopportunity（团队项目机会）设干扰，但这些不等同于C选项中的businessopportunities（商业机会），因此C选项不能选；D选项“可能会产生很多不必要的费用”在录音中也没有信息提及。

12.单选题

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.

B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.

C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.

D.Ithasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenarianswhoarenotactive.

C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.

D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.

问题3选项

A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.

B.Theirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesdo.

C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.

D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[13]Inrecentyears,thedeathrateamongAmericancentenarians—peoplewhohavelivedtoage100orolder—hasdecreased,dropping14percentforwomenand20percentformenfrom2008to2014.Theleadingcausesofdeathinthisagegrouparealsochanging.

In2000,thetopfivecausesofdeathforcentenarianswereheartdisease,stroke,