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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Medievaltravelers'talesoffantasticcreatureswereoftenfascinatingbutnotalways(

).

问题1选项

A.credible

B.creditable

C.conceivable

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。credible意为“可信的,可靠的”通常指人物、言语、历史、故事等的可信;creditable意为“值得称赞的,带来荣誉的,可信的”,通常指人的行为,表现或工作而言;conceivable意为“可想到的,可想像的”;credulous意为“轻信的,易受骗的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系,tale表示“传说,传言”,因此选A。

句意:中世纪旅行者关于神奇生物的故事常常引人入胜,但并不总是可信的。

2.单选题

Theshowthatwewatchedwasso(

)thatwelaughedloudly.

问题1选项

A.comical

B.laughable

C.animated

D.attractive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。comical意为“好笑的,滑稽的,有趣的”;laughable意为“可笑的,荒谬的,值得当真的”,含有贬义;animated意为“活跃的,生气勃勃的”;attractive意为“诱人的,吸引人的”。由welaughedloudly(我们大声笑)可推测theshow(演出、节目)好笑,因此选A。

句意:我们看的表演太好笑了,我们大笑起来。

3.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(便形成条件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto(

).

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

).

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

).

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals(

).

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.(Laudenslager发现,无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平,而那些能关掉电源的老鼠去没有受到影响)可知选B。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.(但是,如果这些动物遇到了它们无法控制的情况,那么当它们面对他们能够控制的经验时,它们会表现出被动的行为)可知选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.(把糖精和胃痛联系起来,老鼠很快就学会了避免吃甜味剂)可知选D。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.(人们偶然发现了大脑如何改变免疫反应的最开始的例子之一)和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.(他只能推测,他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节,现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统,足以杀死它们)可推测Ader’s的实验中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大脑改变了它们的免疫系统,因此选C

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了本文的主题stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals(压力似乎会影响低等动物的免疫防御能力),然后举例证明其观点。第一段中Laudenslager的实验证明:对事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系统的弱化,而不是由实验本身造成的;第二段中JayWeiss认为:被允许控制不愉快刺激的动物不会产生睡眠障碍或典型的应激大鼠的大脑化学变化;最后一段中Ader’s的实验表明:他已经成功地对老鼠进行了调节,现在单用糖精就足以削弱它们的免疫系统。这些实验是在一些特定条件下进行的,因此可推断动物的免疫系统能被条件反射所削弱,因此选A。

4.单选题

Althoughsomepeopleadvocateterrorists,loveofpeaceisthe(

)feelingofmanypeopletoday.

问题1选项

A.dominant

B.predominant

C.paramount

D.preeminent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。dominant意为“占优势的,占支配地位的”,强调权威;predominant意为“主要的,占主导地位的”,侧重主要的,有优势的;paramount意为“最高的,至上的”;preeminent意为“卓越的,杰出的”。

句意:虽然有些人鼓吹恐怖分子,但热爱和平是当今很多人的主要态度。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

许多人质疑跨国婚姻的稳定性。这种质疑让我觉得疑惑,因为如果你停下来想一想美国的离婚问题,你会想到大多数破裂的婚姻都是土生土长的美国人之间的。当然,我并不认为有任何统计数据可以表明,跨国婚姻比传统婚姻更容易走向离婚。我对婚姻的不稳定和婚姻中的国籍差异之间是否有任何有意义的关系是十分怀疑的。

在这些变化和转折中,我们对生活方式的感受会经历四个感知领域的细微变化。第一,是我们内心对自己和他人的看法。第二,是我们在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感。第三,是我们对时间的感知。最后,是我们对自己的精力和活力的直觉变化。这些都是朦胧的感觉,它们构成了我们生活的基调,并影响着我们采取行动前的各种决定。

这里有很多因素值得关注。当主要的决策者和经济学家们谈到蓬勃发展的全球经济和自由贸易的好处时,他们往往忽视了那些失败者。微软和波音的首席执行官都是赢家,他们将联合担任这次世界贸易组织西雅图会议接待委员会的主席。但已经形成的全球化形式增加了贫富国家之间的差距。

6.单选题

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelousrevealing()ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleamed

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项glance“瞥闪,扫视,匆匆一看”;B选项glimpse“瞥见”;C选项glare“怒目而视,瞪眼看;发出刺眼的光”;D选项gleamed“闪烁;隐约地闪现”。句意:这本小说包括对19世纪乡村生活的一瞥,绝妙而富于启发。glimpse“瞥见”,是glance的结果。“takeaglanceat...”(看一看)的结果便是“getaglimpseof...”(瞥见了),此句中,小说提到的是19世纪的乡村生活,是结果不是看一看的动作。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner'smostimportantbasicconcernisthefunctionoftheparticular(

).

问题1选项

A.circumstances

B.environment

C.surroundings

D.space

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。circumstance意为“环境,境遇”,往往指人力无法控制、驾驭的事件和事态的总和;environment意为“环境,外界”,指对人的成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响的环境;surrounding意为“环境,周围的事物”,偏重于生活、居住的周围环境;space意为“(可利用的)空地,空间”。

句意:很快就清楚了,室内设计师最重要的基本关注点是某一特定空间的功能。

8.单选题

Shetriedtogetacopyofthe(

),sothatshecouldcookthedishherself.

问题1选项

A.menu

B.prescription

C.recipe

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。menu意为“菜单”;prescription意为“处方,药方”;recipe意为“食谱”;instruction意为“操作指南,指示,命令”。由后半句shecouldcookthedishherself(她可以自己做饭)可知选C。

句意:她试着要一份食谱,这样她就可以自己做饭了。

9.单选题

EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial.

Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis,andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer,andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A2008studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.

Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1lb.ofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.

Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalfasquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,alotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.

Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.

1.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothebookATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?

3.Whydoestheauthorsayreducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisenvironmentallybeneficial?

4.Whatistheattitudetheauthorhastowardeatingmeat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.

B.Therearefewerlivestockavailableduetotheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Theconsumptionofmeatwillleadtofinancialproblem.

D.Beingavegetarianisbeneficialtotheprotectionofwater

问题2选项

A.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.

B.Ameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients.

C.Proteinscanbefoundinalmosteveryfood.

D.Morethan80%ofthecorninU.S.arefedtolivestock.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.

B.Alotoffoodandwaterareconsumedinordertoraiselivestock.

C.90%ofanimalsareraisedinconfinement.

D.Raisinganimalscausesmostofthedestructionofthenature.

问题4选项

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题5选项

A.TheAdvantageofEatingLessMeat.

B.WhyPeopleBecomeVegetarian?

C.EnvironmentalProtectionandMeatlessDiet.

D.SaveChickens,SaveBirds.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.(许多人成为素食者是因为他们觉得吃动物是不道德的)可知A选项“他们觉得吃动物是不道德的”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood(根据JudyKrizmanic的《青少年素食指南》,几乎每种食物都含有蛋白质)可知C选项“蛋白质几乎可以在每种食物中找到”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;(美国80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麦用于饲养牲畜。单是世界上的牛就消耗了足够的食物,足以满足87亿人的热量需求。美国一半的用水也用于牲畜)可知饲养牲畜需要消耗大量的食物与水,如果人们减少食肉,那么所需种植食物的土地资源和水资源会减少,将有利于环境保护,因此选B。

4.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.(吃动物在很多方面都是有害的)可知作者对吃肉持反对态度,因此选B。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出减少食肉对环境和道德都是有益的;第二段介绍了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系统弱;第三段介绍了饲养牲畜消耗了大量的食物与水,如果少食肉,那么可用的食物量就会增大;第三段介绍了许多人成为素食者是因为他们觉得吃动物是不道德的;最后一段总结概括消耗更少的肉有益于动物的健康、人们的健康以及世界的健康。因此A选项“少食肉的好处”符合题意。1

10.翻译题

3.正是因为不停地追求进取,我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后,另一件随之而来,如此连绵不绝,永无止境。对于往前看的人来说,眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上,整日忙于琐事且生命短暂,但我们生来就有不尽的希望。只要生命犹在,希望便会不止。

【答案】【参考译文】

3.Weliveinanascendingscalewhenwelivehappily,onethingleadingtoanotherinanendlessseries.Thereisalwaysanewhorizonforonward-lookingmen,andalthoughwedwellonasmallplanet,immersedinpettybusinessandnotenduringbeyondabriefperiodofyears,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.

11.单选题

Thisproductis()tochangewithoutnotice.

问题1选项

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配,从属于;常遭受……;有……倾向的”。A选项despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管,不顾;B选项evil的常用搭配有speakevilof说坏话;诽谤/doevil作恶;为非作歹;干坏事;造孽;D选项crust“地壳,地表,坚硬外壳”,常用固定搭配很少;句意:本产品()更换,恕不另行通知。根据句意可知C选项更符合句意,因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Oneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofinthebed.

问题1选项

A.pedestrians

B.peculiarities

C.pedagogues

D.punctures

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。eccentricity意为“古怪行为,怪癖”;pedestrian意为“行人,步行者”;peculiarity意为“怪异的性质(或习惯),怪癖”;pedagogue意为“教师,好为人师的人”;puncture意为“小孔,扎孔”。

句意:他的怪癖之一是睡在床下而不是床上。

13.单选题

Englandbecameunifiedlateinthe15thcentury.OnBosworthField,in1485,HenryTudorputanendtothecivilstrifeoftheWarsoftheRosesandcrownedhimselfHenryVII.Forcefullybringingrecalcitrantnoblestoheel,hestrengthenedhisauthority.Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies,andrestrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol,whohadmonopolizedtrade.ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.But,beforethelatterleftSpain,theSpanishmonarchsexperiencedachangeofheartandsupportedthevoyagethatwastogiveSpainanempire.

Meanwhile,HenryVIInevergaveuphishopeofobtainingforEnglandashareoftherichEasterntrade.BritishmerchantsestablishedatradelinkwithIcelandabout1490.AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.AnItalian-bornnavigator,CabothadlivedinEnglandsince1484.Asayouth,hehadvisitedtheEast,andwhenhearrivedinLondonhehadalreadydecidedthatanall-waterroutecouldbefoundtothetradingcentersthere.HemayhavemadeafewtripstoIcelandbeforetheKingcommissionedhistrans-Atlanticvoyage.

InMayof1497,CabotleftBristolwithacrewof18and,afteravoyageof52daysacrosstheNorthAtlantic,landedonCapeBretonIslandandtookpossessionofthelandforHenryVII.Fromthere,heexploredseveralislandsintheGulfofSt.LawrenceandinAugustreturnedtoEnglandandthepraiseofHenryVII,whograntedhimnewletters-patent.WhenCabotsailedagain,in1498,hehadperhaps5or6ships,whosecrewstotaledsome300men.TheKingpersonallyfinancedasubstantialportionoftheexpedition'scost.Onhissecondvoyage,CabotprobablyexploredtheNorthAmericancoastfromNewfoundlandsouthtotheDelawareorChesapeakeBays.

HavingfailedtofindtheshoresofCathay(China)orCipango(Japan),theEnglishturnedintheoppositedirection.HenryⅦ’sson,HenryⅧ——betterknownforhismartialinvolvementandhisbreakwiththePope——enthusiasticallybegantobuild“afleetthelikeofwhichtheworldhasneverseen.”JohnCabot’sson,Sebastian,becamearenownednavigator.AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.HealsohelpedfoundthecompanyofMerchant-Adventurers,predecessoroftheMuscovyCompany,andbecameitspresidentforlife.

Thus,fornearlyacentury,England'sinterestwasdivertedfromtheNewWorldandherenergieswereconcentratedonthedevelopmentofacommercialempireandamerchantfleetthatbecamesecondtononeinEurope.ButJohnCabothadgivenEnglandaclaimtothenorthernshoresoftheNewWorld,andinthecourseoftimethe"seadogs"andotherEnglishmarinersweretobreathenewlifeintoit.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto(

).

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesColumbuschieflyto

).

4.AccordingtothePassage,SebastianCabotandChristopherColumbus(

).

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatHenryⅦ'sinterestinnavigationwaschiefly

).

6.AccordingtothepassageHenryⅦ'spoliciesincludedallofthefollowingEXCEPT

).

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

8.Forthepurposesofthispassage,theendofthewarsoftheRoseswasimportantchieflybecause

).

9.Forthepurposesofthispassage,JohnCabot'sprincipalimportanceisthathe

).

10.Accordingtothepassage,theinitialvoyagesofChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotweremotivatedchieflybyadesire(

).

问题1选项

A.recounttheCabots'contributionstoEngland'scommercialdevelopment.

B.demonstratethefar-sightednessoftheTudormonarchs.

C.explainEngland'searlyinvolvementwiththeNewWorld.

D.analyzethelate15thcenturycompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain.

问题2选项

A.HenryⅦfollowedhisfather'spolicyofrapidexplorationoftheNewWorld.

B.England'ssuperiormerchantfleetwasestablishedbeforeherinitialvoyagestotheNewWorld.

C.HenryⅧ’sfamerestsmainlyonhisestablishmentofacommercialempire.

D.SebastianCabotestablishedasea-landroutetoMoscowduringHenryVIII'sreign.

问题3选项

A.EmphasizethecompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain

B.illustratedthedisloyaltyofSpanishnavigators

C.demonstratethatEnglandtrailedherchiefrivalsinexploration

D.illustrateHenryⅦ'sinterestinpromotingcommerce

问题4选项

A.competedwitheachothertofindnewroutestotheNewWorld

B.discoveredcontinents

C.establishedtradingcompanies

D.workedforSpanishmonarchs

问题5选项

A.commercial

B.military

C.political

D.educational

问题6选项

A.financingofforeign-bornvoyagers

B.useofforceinsubduingEnglishnobles

C.encouragementofforeignmerchantsinEngland

D.formationoftradingcompanies

问题7选项

A.Someearlyvoyagerswerewillingtoservewhateverkingwouldfinancetheirexpeditions.

B.HenryVIIwishedtoreachtheNewWorldbeforeSpaindid.

C.Mostearlyvoyagerswerenotwellcompensatedfortheirdiscoveries.

D.EnglishmonarchswerequicktorecognizetheimportanceofthediscoveryoftheNewWorld.

问题8选项

A.itestablishedtheTudordynastyinEngland

B.itbroughtabenevolentkingtotheEnglishthrone

C.itunitedEngland,Scotland,andWales

D.theensuingpeaceallowedcommercialdevelopment

问题9选项

A.establishedEngland'sclaimintheNewWorld

B.openednewcommercialroutestotheEast

C.gaveEnglandnavalsupremacyinEurope

D.provedthatall-waterroutestomajortradingcentersexisted

问题10选项

A.tofindaroutetoAsia

B.forpersonalgain

C.todiscovernewlands

D.toincreasetheirmonarchs'empires

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍了亨利七世统治英格兰期间当时的社会背景环境以及他注重商业发展、鼓励海外贸易。亨利七世原本答应支持哥伦布的航海计划,但最终由西班牙君主资助;第二段介绍亨利七世授权约翰•卡伯特及其儿子跨越大西洋航行至亚洲以及约翰•卡伯特的简介;第三段介绍了约翰•卡伯特的航行为英国发现了新的土地;第四段介绍了亨利八世和约翰•卡伯特的儿子的成就;最后一段介绍英国将注意力从发现新大陆转向发展为商业帝国。因此本文的主旨为约翰•卡伯特为英国航海及商业作出的贡献,A选项“讲述卡伯特对英国商业发展的贡献”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.(在西班牙服务多年后,他回到英国,开启了通往莫斯科的海路航线)可知D选项“在亨利八世统治期间,塞巴斯蒂安•卡伯特建立了一条通往莫斯科的海陆航线”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies...HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.(因此,亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促进商业上。他鼓励英国商人从事对外贸易,支持贸易公司的成立……亨利七世同意为这次航行提供资金,并敦促哥伦布立即来到英国)可知D选项“证明亨利七世对促进商业贸易发展兴趣”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.(在西班牙服务多年后,他回到英国,开启了通往莫斯科的海路航线)可知塞巴斯蒂安•卡伯特以前也为西班牙君主服务,因此选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.(因此,亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促进商业上)可知作者认为亨利七世对航海的兴趣主要是商业方面的,因此选A。

6.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的restrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol(限制外国商人在伦敦和布里斯托尔的活动)可知C选项“鼓励在英国的外国商人”符合题意。

7.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.(哥伦布提议横渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵达中国,当没有得到葡萄牙或西班牙国王的支持时,哥伦布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英国)可知A选项“早期的一些航行家愿意服务于任何给他们资助的国王”符合题意。

8.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.(近一个世纪来,这个国家首次实现了政府的稳定和保持了相当程度的和平与繁荣)可知D选项“随之而来的和平使商业发展得以实现”符合题意。

9.推理判断题。B选项“开辟通往东方的新商业路线”与C选项“赋予英国海军在欧洲的霸主地位”在文章中没有提及到,故排除。A选项“确立了英国在新大陆的主权”与D选项“证明通往主要贸易中心的水路是存在的”都属于JohnCabot的贡献,但其最重要的贡献是D选项。

10.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.(哥伦布提议横渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵达中国,当没有得到葡萄牙或西班牙国王的支持时,哥伦布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英国)和第二段中的AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.(1496年3月5日,在哥伦布航海的消息的鼓舞下,亨利七世授予“深爱的约翰•卡伯特”和他的三个儿子跨越大西洋航行至亚洲)可知ChristopherColumbus和JohnCabot最初航行的目的是到达亚洲,因此选A。

14.翻译题

当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期。世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展,国际金融危机影响继续显现,气候变化、能源资源、公共卫生安全等全球性问题突出,国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏。继续推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业,需要世界各国人民加强合作、同舟共济。

中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的显著成就,人民生活继续改善,社会保持和谐稳定。中国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等问题的国际合作,扩大同世界各国交流合作,为世界和平与发展做出了新的贡献。

【答案】【参考译文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.

China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

15.单选题

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the(

)judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

问题1选项

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。merciful意为“仁慈的,宽恕的,温和的”;impartial意为“公正的,不偏不倚的”;conscientious意为“一丝不苟的,认真的”;conspicuous意为“明显的”。由前面eventhough(即使,纵然)引导的让步状语从句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的,因此选A。

句意:即使他有罪,仁慈的法官也没有把他送进监狱。

16.翻译题

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.Evenwithineachnatio

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