2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号30

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

ForthousandsofCanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.Acrossthecountry,betterbusinessbureausreportalengtheninglitanyofcomplaintsaboutcontractors,cardealers,repairshops,movingcompanies,airlinesanddepartmentstores.Thereisalmostanadversarialfeelingbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.

Expertssaythereareseveralexplanationsforillfeelinginthemarketplace.Oneisthatcustomerservicewasanearlyandinevitablecasualtywhenretailersrespondedtobrutalcompetitionbyreplacingemployeeswithtechnologysuchas1~800numbersandvoicemail.Anotherfactoristhatbusinessgenerallyhasbegunplacingmoreemphasisongettingcustomersthanonkeepingthem.Stillanotheristhatstrident,frustratedandimpatientshoppersvexshopownersandmakethemevenlesshospitable—especiallyatbusiertimesoftheyearlikeChristmas.Onbothsides,simplecourtesyhasgonebytheboard.Andforamultitudeofconsumers,servicewentwithit.

TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.Peoplecomplainaboutbeinginsulted,havingtheirintelligenceandintegrityquestioned,andbeingthreatened.Onewillhearaboutpeoplebeinghauledalmostbodilyoutthedoorbysomebodysayingthingslike“Idon’thavetoserveyou!”or“thisisprivateproperty,getoutanddon’tcomeback!”Whatcancustomersdo?Ifthebureau’sarbitrationprocessfailstosettleadispute,acustomer’sonlyrecourseistosueinsmallclaimscourt.Butbecauseofthecostsandtimeittakes,relativelyfeweverdo.

Thereisalotofsupportforthenotionthatservicehas,inpart,fallenvictimtogenerationalchange.Manyyoungpeopleregardretailing“asjustadead-endjobthatyou’rejustgoingtodotemporarilyonyourwaytoarealjob”.Youngclerksoftenlackbothknowledgeandcivility.Employersarehavingtotrainyoungpeopleinsimplemannersbecausethatisnotbeingdoneathome.Salespeopletoday,especiallytheyoungerones,havegrownupinatelevision-computersocietywherethey’veinteractedlargelywithmachines.Oneofthebiggestcomplaintsfrombusinessesaboutgraduatesisthelackofinterpersonalskills.

Whatcustomersreallywantisaccess.Theywanttogetthroughwhentheycall,theydon’twantbusysignals,theydon’twantinteractivesystemstellingthemtopushoneforthisandtwoforthat—theydon’twantvoicemail.Andifcustomersdonotgetwhattheywant,theydefect.Somepeoplegobacktolocalsmallbusinesses:theAsiangreengrocer,aGreekbakerandaGreekfishmonger.Theydon’twearnametags,butonegetstoknowthem,allbyname.

46.Atabusinessplaceofbadservice,theworstonecangetis（）.

47.Oneofthereasonsforsuchillfeelinginthemarketplaceisthat（）.

48.WhathaschangedatVancouverBelerServiceBurcauinthepastfiveyears?（）

49.Youngclerksoftenlackinterpersonalskillschieflybecausethey（）.

50.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsbusinessesandbadserviceis（）them.

问题1选项

A.indifferenceandrudeness

B.nakedhostilityandphysicalviolence

C.havingintelligenceandintegrityquestioned

D.beinginsultedandthreatened

问题2选项

A.shoppersareusuallystrident,frustratedandimpatient

B.shoppersoftentakebusinessestocourttosettlethem

C.businessesusenewtechnologyinsteadofemployee

D.businessesarekeenonkeepingcustomers,notgettingthem

问题3选项

A.Moreeffective.

B.Lessbureaucracy.

C.Morebusiness.

D.Betterstaff.

问题4选项

A.areskilledindealingwithmachinesnotpeople

B.arenottrainedinsimplemannersathome

C.fallvictimstogenerationalchange

D.takeretailingtobeatemporaryjob

问题5选项

A.attacking

B.understanding

C.regretting

D.warning

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】46.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第一段第二句“Itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.（它是一个正在不断恶化的现实生活中的现象，包括从漠不关心、粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。）”可知，这些劣质服务行为按照严重程度递增排列。A选项“冷漠和粗鲁”；B选项“赤裸裸的敌意和身体暴力”；C选项“智力和正直受到质疑”；D选项“被侮辱和威胁”，其中最恶劣的是不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力，因此B选项正确。

47.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第二段，第二段分析了三个原因。第一个原因是：零售商应对残酷的竞争采用技术取代员工。第二个原因是：商家一般都开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。第三个原因是：一些吵闹的、失望的没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主。A选项“购物者通常是刺耳的、沮丧的和不耐烦的”只是个别现象；B选项“购物者经常把商家告上法庭”文中没有提到；C选项“商家使用技术替代员工”符合题意；D选项“企业热衷于留住顾客，而不是得到他们”与文意不符，因此C选项正确。

48.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第三段的第一句“TheBetterBusinessBureauatVancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.Thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.（温哥华商业促进局每周接到250起投诉，是五年前的两倍。该局当时只有一名投诉顾问，现在有四名。）”可知，投诉多了，业务更加繁忙了。A选项“效率更高”；B选项“官僚作风减少”；D选项“更好的职员”文中没有提到，C选项“更多的业务”符合题意，因此C选项正确。

49.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意可定位到文章第四段，第四段提到了服务成了代与代之间变化的受害者并对其进行了阐述。A选项“擅长与机器而非人打交道”与年轻职员人际交流能力差相关，而且是直接原因；B选项“在家没有接受简单的礼仪训练”；C选项“成为代与代之间变化的受害者”；D选项“将零售视为临时的工作”都是年轻人其他方面的表现，因此A选项正确。

50.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者意图题。文中作者主要描述了劣质服务的存在及分析其原因。最后一段作者写到顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。由此可见作者是在呼吁并警告服务行业要善于找出他们的服务问题并进行改善。A选项“攻击的”；B选项“理解的”；C选项“懊悔的”；D选项“警告的”，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Theshowthatwewatchedwasso（

）thatwelaughedloudly.

问题1选项

A.comical

B.laughable

C.animated

D.attractive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。comical意为“好笑的，滑稽的，有趣的”；laughable意为“可笑的，荒谬的，值得当真的”，含有贬义；animated意为“活跃的，生气勃勃的”；attractive意为“诱人的，吸引人的”。由welaughedloudly（我们大声笑）可推测theshow（演出、节目）好笑，因此选A。

句意：我们看的表演太好笑了，我们大笑起来。

3.单选题

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.

Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.

Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?

2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits（

）.

3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare

（

）.

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith

（

）.

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereissuedbythegovernment

B.Theyweregivenstandardvalues

C.Theywereallofequalpurity

D.Theywereallalikeinshape

问题2选项

A.appearance

B.scarcity

C.value

D.age

问题3选项

A.handmadeWesterncoins

B.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtoday

C.madeoutofdifferentmetals

D.notedfortheircraftsmanship

问题4选项

A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoins

B.theartisticaspectofcoinmaking

C.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcentury

D.theproductionofuniformcoins

问题5选项

A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoins

B.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoins

C.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoins

D.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesusprovidethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.（克里萨斯国王统治时期出现的具有相关价值的纯金和银币，为国家当局提供了第一个毫无疑问的标准铸币证据）可知A、B、C的选项正确，因此选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）和第二段中的ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.（来自希腊库扎的银质硬币铸造于公元前413年，被认为是希腊最好的硬币之一，价值超过1000美元）可知提到了这个银币的不足、价值以及年龄，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段句首提到Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.（然而，人们不应该认为只有机器制造的硬币才是有价值的），紧接着以theSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantaler举例，是为了说明手工制作的硬币具有很大的价值，因此选D。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury（事实上，完全数学对称的趋势直到十六世纪莱昂纳多•达•芬奇发明的印压机才开始）可知B选项“硬币制作的工艺”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬币在形状大小存在不足，机械制造出来的银币其形状大小是统一的，因此选B。

4.翻译题

仅仅传授专业知识是不够的。通过专业教育可以使人成为一种有用的机器，却不能成为一个全面发展的人。让学生对价值理念有所理解并产生热情，是不可或缺的。否则，他——连同他的专业知识——就更像一条受过良好训练的狗，而非一个和谐发展的人。他必须通过学习了解人们的动机、幻想和苦难，以便正确处理同他人和社会的关系。

【答案】【参考译文】Onlytoimpartprofessionalknowledgeisnotenough.Professionaleducationcanmakehumanbeingbecomeakindofusefulmachine,butcan’tmakehimapersonofcomprehensivedevelopment.Itisabsolutelynecessaryforlettingstudentshavesomeunderstandingoftheconceptofvalueandgenerateenthusiasm.Otherwise,he,togetherwithhisspecializedknowledge,willmoreresembleawell-traineddogratherthanapersonofharmoniousdevelopment.Hemustlearntounderstandpeople’smotivation,fantasyandmiserysoastocorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipwithotherpeopleandthesociety.

5.单选题

Ityouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successorfailure,inyouworkwoulddepend,to（1）greatextent,onyourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.

（2）

theutmostimportanceisyouraltitude.Apersonwhobeginsajobconvincedthatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

（3）

thatheisgoingtoallailisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhisbeliefthatheisprobablyascapableofdoingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattempt

（4）

itpossessesacertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.

（5）theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.Lackingthoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan'tadd,oracarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasaw

（6）

hopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

（7）

thestrengthandovercometheweaknessthatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butingroupstomeasureyourdevelopment,youmustfirst

（8）

stockofsomewhereyourstandnow.Aswegetfurtheralongmthebook,we'llbe

（9）

with,specificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengtheninglearningskills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpausetoexamineyourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool;your

（10）

,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,and.yourstudyhabits.

问题1选项

A.a

B.the

C.some

D.certain

问题2选项

A.Outof

B.Of

C.To

D.Into

问题3选项

A.ensure

B.certain

C.sure

D.surely

问题4选项

A.near

B.on

C.by

D.at

问题5选项

A.Have

B.Had

C.Having

D.Hadbeen

问题6选项

A.being

B.been

C.are

D.is

问题7选项

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

问题8选项

A.make

B.take

C.do

D.give

问题9选项

A.deal

B.dealt

C.bedealt

D.dealing

问题10选项

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:D

第10题:C

【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。toagreatextent为固定搭配，意为“很大程度上，非常”。

（2）of与名词连用，表示具有某种性质，状态，位于句首，表示强调。正常语序为：Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.（beof+名词）

（3）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主语he，besurethat后面加从句，此处表示“或肯定不适应这项工作”。

（4）考查固定搭配。attempt用作名词时，意为“努力，尝试，试图”。makeanattemptonsth.“试图夺取”，makeanattemptat意为“打算，试图”。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句子“25theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.”缺少主语，have与theprerequisite之间是主动关系，故用其动名词形式，表示“具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势”。

（6）考查主谓一致。or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则，即谓语与靠近的名词在“人称，数”上保持一致。“abookkeeper...oracarpenter”是本句的主语，因此谓语动词用单选，选D。

（7）考查固定搭配。capitalizeon是固定搭配，意为“充分利用某事物”。

（8）考查固定搭配。takestockof是固定搭配，意为“估计，考虑”。

（9）考查时态。句子“Aswegetfurtheralongmthebook,we'llbe_____with,specificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengtheninglearningskills.（随着我们进一步了解这本书，我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程）”为将来时，因此选D。

（10）考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“______theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此处选C，与文章前面的内容相呼应。

6.单选题

Fiftyvolunteerswerealphabeticallydividedintotwoequalgroups,GroupAtoparticipateina7weekexerciseprogram,andGroupBtoavoiddeliberateexerciseofanysortduringthose7weeks.Onthedaybeforetheexerciseprogrambegan,all50menparticipatedinastep-test.Thisconsistedofsteppingupanddownona16-inchbenchat30stepsaminutefor5minutes.Oneminuteaftercompletionofthestep-test,thepulserateofeachsubjectwastakenandrecorded.Thisservedastheprotestfortheexperiment.Forthenext7weeks,subjectsintheexperimentgroup(GroupA)rodeanexercycle(amotor-drivenbicycle-typeexercisemachine)for15minuteseachday.Theexerciseschedulecalledforriderstoriderelaxedduringthefirstday’sride,merelyholdingontothehandlebarsandfootpedalsasthemachinemoved.Then,forthenext3days,theyroderelaxedfor50secondsofeachminute,andpushed,pulled,andpedaledactivelyfor10secondsofeachminute.Theratioofactiveridingwasincreasedeveryfewdays,sothatbythethirdweekitwashalfofeachminute,andbytheseventhweektheriderswereperforming15solidminutesofactiveriding.

Attheendofthe7weeks,thestep-testwasagaingiventobothgroupsofsubjects,andtheirpulsestaken.Thepost-exercisepulseratesofsubjectsintheexperimentalgroupwerefoundtohavedecreasedanaverageof30heartbeatsperminute,withthelowestdecrease28andthehighestdecrease46.Thepulseratesofsubjectsinthecontrolgroupremainedthesameorchangednomorethan4beats,withanaveragedifferencebetweentheinitialandfinaltestsofzero.

1.Thestep-testwasgiven（

）.

2.Whenwerepulseratestaken?

3.Theexerciseschedulewasplannedsothattheamountofactiveriding（

）.

4.WhatdidGroupAdointheirprogram?

5.Thepost-exercisepulseratesofGroupBwerefoundontheaveragetohave（

）.

问题1选项

A.aftereachexerciseperiod

B.atthebeginningandattheendoftheseven-weekperiod

C.onlyonce,atthebeginningofthesevenweekperiod

D.twicetothemeninGroupAandoncetothemeninGroupB

问题2选项

A.Aftereveryexerciseperiod.

B.Everyday.

C.Afterthestep-tests.

D.Everytimetherationofactiveridingwasincreased.

问题3选项

A.increasedeveryfewdays

B.variedfromdaytoday

C.increaseduntilthethirdweekandthenwaskeptconstant

D.increasedeveryexerciseperiod

问题4选项

A.Theysteppedupanddownonabencheachday.

B.Theypushedandpulledonexercisehandleseveryday.

C.Theyrodeonanexerciseeveryday.

D.Theyrefrainedfromanyexercise

问题5选项

A.notchanged

B.gonedown28beatsperminute

C.gonedown30beatsperminute

D.gonedown4beatsperminute

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Onthedaybeforetheexerciseprogrambegan,all50menparticipatedinastep-test.（在锻炼项目开始的前一天，所有50名男子都参加了一次阶梯测试）和第二段的首句Attheendofthe7weeks,thestep-testwasagaingiventobothgroupsofsubjects,andtheirpulsestaken.（在7周结束时，再次对两组受试者进行了逐步测试，并记录了他们的脉搏）可知B选项“在七周的开始和结束时”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Oneminuteaftercompletionofthestep-test,thepulserateofeachsubjectwastakenandrecorded.（在阶梯测试完成后1分钟，记录每一位受试者的脉搏率）可知选C。

3.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句中的Theratioofactiveridingwasincreasedeveryfewdays（主动骑行的比率每隔几天增加一次）可知选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Forthenext7weeks,subjectsintheexperimentgroup(GroupA)rodeanexercyclefor15minuteseachday.（在接下来的7周中，A组实验者每天骑15分钟自行车）可知选C。

5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的GroupBtoavoiddeliberateexerciseofanysortduringthose7weeks（B组应避免在这7周内刻意进行任何形式的锻炼）和第二段中的Thepulseratesofsubjectsinthecontrolgroupremainedthesameorchangednomorethan4beats（对照组的脉搏率率保持不变或变化不超过4次）可知B组为对照组，没有进行任何锻炼，因此选A。

7.单选题

Anumberofloopholesstillremaininthecampaigncontributionlaw.

问题1选项

A.unprofitablesections

B.illogicalcontradictions

C.descriptionsforcheating

D.waysofevadingrules

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。loophole意为“(法律、合同等的)漏洞，空子”；unprofitablesections意为“无利可图的部分”；illogicalcontradictions意为“不合逻辑的矛盾”；descriptionsforcheating意为“欺骗描述”；waysofevadingrules意为“规避规则的方式”。

句意：竞选捐款法仍然存在一些漏洞。

8.翻译题

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

没有永远的优点，也没有永远的缺点。这篇文章告诉我们，对待优点和缺点应当采取客观的态度。具体地说，盲目地崇拜他人的优点必定会伤害我们的自信，而完全忽略自身缺点则会导致自负。总而言之，两种极端都会使我们失去充分发挥自身优势的机会。因此，我们需要找到合适的方法释放自己的优势，并且把暂吋的缺点转化成优点。

数字表明自我雇佣的英国人大多为男性，工作的吋间比全职工作的员工长而且赚得少。事实上，2007至2016期间，自我雇佣者的实际薪水要比受雇佣员工下降得更快。这或许能解释为何英国近几年的生产率提高速度如同蜗牛爬行。

对于以音乐为爱好的研究者来说，音乐有助于他们的研究。把他们的头脑从实验的结构严密性以及数据的乏味中解脱出来，使之徜徉在韵律与节奏的世界里会帮助他发挥科学创造性。一位研宄者发现，令人满意的表演持续几天甚至仅几个小吋之后，常给他开展研究的灵感。

USmilitaryhasbegundeployingamissiledefensesysteminSouthKorea.TheTHAADsystemisdesignedtoshootdownincomingmissiles.Chinasaysitwilltakeunspecifiedmeasuresagainstit.AndmanyKoreanandChineseareirritatedandtheyhavebeenprotestingagainstSouthKorea'sirresponsibleactionofthisdeployment.

Insomecases,alongerresumemightbeinorder.Forexample,graphicdesignersorvisualartistsmightbenefitfromcreatinganillustratedresume,andacademics,researchers,orlong-timeexecutivesmayneedmorethanonepagetocapturethebreadthoftheirexperience.Butingeneral,it'sbesttoavoidoverburdeningbusyrecruiterswitharesumethatdragsonandon.

Chinaiscomingupwithfinancialincentivestoencouragecouplestohaveasecondchild,assurveysshowmanyarereluctanttoexpandtheirfamiliesduetoeconomicconstraints.AnofficeroftheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionrevealedthepotentialmoveatasocialwelfareconference."TohaveasecondchildistherightofeachfamilyinChina,butaffordabilityhasbecomeabottleneckthatunderminethedecision,"hesaid.

【答案】Therearenopermanentmeritsordefects.Thisarticletellsusthatweshouldtreatthesemeritsanddefectsobjectively.Specifically,itwouldhurtourself-confidencetoadmireother’smeritsblindly,whilecompletelyignoringourownshortcomingswillleadtoself-esteem.Inshort,wewouldloseouropportunitiestogivefullplaytoouradvantagesbecauseoftheseextremes.Therefore,weneedtofindappropriatewaystoreleaseouradvantagesandturnthetemporarydefectsintodefects.

Thefiguresshowthatmostself-employedBritonsaremen.Theself-employedworklongerhoursandearnlessthanthefull-timeemployees.Actually,therealsalaryofself-employedfellfasterthanthatofemployedemployeesbetween2007and2016.ThismayexplainwhyBritonproductivityhasgrownatsnail’spaceinrecentyears.

Forresearcherinterestedinmusic,musicishelpfultotheirresearch.Releasingtheirmindsfromthestructuralrigoroftheexperimentandthetediousdata,toroamtheworldfullofrhythmwouldbeusefulforhimtoplayscientificcreativity.Oneresearcherfoundthatasatisfactoryperformanceoftenlastedforafewdaysorevenafterseveralhours,andofteninspiredhimtodoresearch.

美国军方已开始在韩国部署导弹防御系统。萨德系统旨在击落来袭导弹。中国将采取一定措施表示反对。许多韩国人和中国人都很愤怒，他们一直在抗议韩国不负责任的部署行动。

在某些情况下，可能需要篇幅长的简历达到整齐美观效果。例如，平面设计师或视觉艺术家可能会从制作带插图的简历中获益，而学者、研究人员或资深管理人员可能需要一页以上的页面来展示他们的丰富经验。但总的来说，最好避免给让招聘人员在一份冗长拖沓的简历上花费过多的精力。

中国正在考虑鼓励夫妇生育二胎的经济激励措施，因为调查显示，由于经济限制，许多人不愿扩大家庭成员。国家卫生和计划生育委员会一位官员在一次社会福利会议上透露了这一潜在的举措。他说，“在中国，生第二个孩子是每个家庭的权利，但负担能力却成了阻碍这个决定的瓶颈。”

9.单选题

Therats（

）bacterialinfectionsoftheblood.

问题1选项

A.develop

B.produce

C.stimulate

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。develop意为“发展，患(病)，出现(问题)”；produce意为“生产，制造”；stimulate意为“刺激”；induce意为“引诱”。bacterialinfections意为“细菌感染”，时一种病症，主语为“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A选项符合逻辑。

句意：老鼠出现了血液细菌感染。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总是得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。

原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。

当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(MarcoPolo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。

【答案】Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughnessandpassionforreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,therearesomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassedsomeofyour“primes”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthefuture.Itseemsthatsomeprimeperiodwillreachitspeaklaterinourlife.

Oncetheprimitivemenburstoutlaughingforthefirsttimebecauseofsomethingpleasantaroundthem,andthenthelaughbringstheobviouslypleasanteffectaround,thelaughhashadvaluethatthehumanbeingsisholding.Thepersonwhopossessestheabilitytospreadhappinessbybrightandclearlaughwillgetmoresocialbenefitsthanhisseriousandstuffycolleagues,whichgetshiminanadvantageousposition.Thushebecomesa“goodmixer”whoiscommendedbyothers,especiallygiftedsocially.

TheworldtodayisneithertheeraofSilkRoad,northeageofMarcoPolo.ItjusttakesabouttwohoursfromShanghaitoTokyo.Onthesamedayonthecalendar,youalsocanarriveintheUnitedStatesontheothersideoftheearthfromChina.Thefargeographicdistanceoftheolddayshasbeenshortenedtoanunbelievableextentbymodernscienceandtechnology.It’sthecommonachievementsbroughtaboutbytheprogressofhumancivilization.

11.单选题

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

问题1选项

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intention“打算，意图，意向”，后可接of短语，也可以接不定式短语；B选项interest“兴趣，爱好，利息，趣味”，后接介词in；C选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福”与D选项desire“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫无放弃其研究工作的打算。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswouldlegitimizeherlongeffort.

问题1选项

A.justify

B.testify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。legitimize意为“使合法化，证明……为有理（或正当）”；justify意为“证明……有理”；testify意为“作证”；rectify意为“改正，校正”；verify意为“核实，查对”。

句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到确定所得到的结果可以证明自己长久以来的努力是有理由的。

13.单选题

Althoughsomepeopleadvocateterrorists,loveofpeaceisthe（

）feelingofmanypeopletoday.

问题1选项

A.dominant

B.predominant

C.paramount

D.preeminent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。dominant意为“占优势的，占支配地位的”，强调权威；predominant意为“主要的，占主导地位的”，侧重主要的，有优势的；paramount意为“最高的，至上的”；preeminent意为“卓越的，杰出的”。

句意：虽然有些人鼓吹恐怖分子，但热爱和平是当今很多人的主要态度。

14.单选题

DoyouthinkhewillrelinquishhisseatintheSenate?

问题1选项

A.admonish

B.giveup

C.cede

D.accept

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。relinquish意为“(尤指不情愿地)放弃”；admonish意为“劝告”；giveup意为“放弃”，指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃；cede意为“让给，割让（常表示被迫）”；accept意为“接受，同意”。

句意：你认为他会放弃他在参议院的席位吗？

15.单选题

Nohumanbeingis（

），butAlistairAldingtonmadeveryfewmistakes.

问题1选项

A.fallacious

B.false

C.plausible

D.infallible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。fallacious意为“(思想、论据、道理)谬误的，错误的”；false意为“错误的；不正确的，伪造的”；plausible意为“(借口或解释)有道理的，花言巧语的”；infallible意为“永无过失的，一贯正确的，绝对可靠的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，因此选D。

句意：没有人是永不犯错的，但AlistairAldington很少犯错误。

16.单选题

Cometsarestillregardedwithawebysomepeople.

问题1选项

A.wonder

B.concern

C.resentment

D.detachment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。awe意为“敬畏，惊叹”；wonder意为“惊异，惊叹”；concern意为“涉及，关系到”；resentment意为“愤恨，不满”；detachment意为“超然，公正，独立”。

句意：一些人仍然敬畏彗星。

17.单选题

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearch