2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号13

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

问题1选项

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:纳粹和法西斯主义注定要被扔进历史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

2.单选题

Peoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.obey

B.consent

C.conceal

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】句意:拒绝遵守法律的人要受到惩罚。

动词辨析。obey服从，遵守。consent同意，准许;conceal隐藏，隐瞒;comply遵从，服从。A和D都符合句意。但是obey后面直接接宾语。故选D。

3.单选题

Thatthedriver（

）inordertoavoidanaccidentcouldbeprovenbyexaminingthemarksonthepavement.

问题1选项

A.swerved

B.accelerated

C.dissolved

D.withdrew

【答案】A

【解析】句意:那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。

动词辨析。Swerve突然转向;accelerate加速，促进;dissolve溶解，解散;withdraw撤退，离开。故A符合句意。

4.单选题

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

问题1选项

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。

固定搭配。“as（作副词用）+形容词或副词+as（作连词用）”表示同级比较。

5.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”：toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastfort,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggestthatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximateAD1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsame8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto

（

）.

5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

问题2选项

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.

问题3选项

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000

B.About50,000babiesarebomeverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

问题4选项

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth

问题5选项

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词thelongthinpowderfuseanalogy定位至第一段:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增长比作“一根细长的火药引信，它以平稳的速度缓慢燃烧，直到爆炸”，这种类比是完全正确的)。故选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词societieswereoftenindangerofextinction定位至第二段:Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates(通常，社会明显面临着灭绝的危险，因为死亡率高于出生率)。故选B。

3.判断推理题。最后一段:Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhas

increasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld(从1650年到现在，人口总量从5亿增加到了40亿。并且预计到2000年，全世界人口总量将达到62亿)。因此A项符合原文。

4.作者意图题。作者首先指出了人口增长的现状,然后详细回顾了历史上人口统计特征及原因。故选D。

5.词义题。“demographic”所在句:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthtoalong,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增长比作“一根细长的火药引信，它以平稳的速度缓慢燃烧，直到爆炸”，这种类比是完全正确的)。而且,文章是以人口增长为讨论话题。因此,此题选A。

6.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意:兼职及弹性工作方式加上培训与再培训方案推广，使得更多的妇女能够利用就业机会。

语法题。考查主谓一致。主语是不可数名词growth,故谓语用单数形式，故选D。

7.单选题

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

问题1选项

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告诉我参加会议的学生人数超过了100人。

语法题。考查主谓一致。此句为宾语从句。宾语从句的主语为thenumber,因此其谓语动词应该用单数形式。而且主句的时态为一般过去时,所以宾语从句时态与主句保持一致。故选D。

8.单选题

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

问题1选项

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:发展核科学是给人们造福，而不是危害人们。

短语辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超过，多于;ratherthan而不是。故选D。

9.单选题

TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.

问题1选项

A.by

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他们永远离开了纽约，再也不回去住了。

固定搭配。Forgood永远。

10.单选题

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexamplewereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworldmostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonal-health.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modemmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.

2.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”fatis“out”，thismeans

（

）.

5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.

问题1选项

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

问题2选项

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

问题3选项

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

问题4选项

A.thisis“inside”，fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”，fatis“lazy”

C.thinis“youthfill”，fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”，fatis“unfashionable”

问题5选项

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。关于taboo的解释在第一段:Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior(你知道，这样的行为从某种意义上说是不对的，并且其他人不会接受)。故选C(社会认为不可接受的行为)。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime。因此文章认为一些过去不被人们认同的现象以及一些禁忌，通常在经过一段时间后会慢慢地被人们接受。故选D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词manyothertaboosubjects定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(和其他的禁忌不同，肥胖的话题是美国人一直在讨论着的)。故选B。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词thinis“in”fatis“out”定位至第三段最后一句,这段表明了美国社会对瘦的追求,对肥胖的贬斥。由此推测答案选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段可知,美国人锻炼身体一方面是为了保持苗条的身材和年轻的外形，另一方面还在于锻炼身体和保持身体健康之间的关系。故选B.

11.单选题

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

问题2选项

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

问题3选项

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

问题4选项

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

问题5选项

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。当不同的男性听到“父亲”这个词时，都会有不同的反应。有些人觉得骄倣，有些人担忧。故选B。

2.细节事实题。A:很多书籍写到相关内容。实际上第三段提及大量书籍写到关于母亲角色的转变,而非父亲，故排除。B:不太关注。文章倒数第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人们往往不太关注在这个调节过程当中教育父亲)。因此B项正确。C:角色转变对于男性而言更难。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家认为父亲角色的转变，尽管困难，但是不会有妻子的的角色转变困难，妻子必须承接母亲这一角色)。因此C错误。D:角色转变是困难，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判断推理题。A:母亲能得到社会更多的关注和认可。B:一些作者认为，母亲有创造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母亲的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全转变，且有高度革新的适应性),B项和原文有出入。C:母亲一般待在家里照顾孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我们提及越来越多的女性在外工作),故C错误。D:母亲应该在这个转变过程当中帮助父亲,文章并未提及。结合全文可知,A正确。

4.细节事实题。A:成为母亲和成为父亲一样难。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家认为，父亲角色的改变虽然困难，但是不会有妻子的角色转变困难，妻子必须承接母亲这一角色)。故本题选A。

5.作者意图题。A:解释为什么那么少的书籍写关于父亲的角色。B:赞扬母亲对于家的巨大贡献。C:批评父亲在养育孩子上没有承担足够的责任。D:抱怨社会项目在在帮助父亲角色转变上的缺乏。根据全文内容可知,本题选D。

12.单选题

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我们认为在这么多年里达成目标，于他而言是可能的。

语法题。考查形式宾语。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears为真正的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。当不定式作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末。故A正确。

13.单选题

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.

Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.

Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.

Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.

Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.

1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat

（

）.

4.Theauthor'stone

（

）.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means（

）.

问题1选项

A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram

B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging

C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging

D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement

问题2选项

A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting

B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower

C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive

D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems

问题3选项

A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem

B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared

C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts

D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees

问题4选项

A.skeptical

B.aggressive

C.approving

D.purelyobjective

问题5选项

A.awesome

B.horrifying

C.aspiritualdiscipline

D.vicious

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首段提出慢跑是一种简便易行的且可以保持健康的运动方式。之后分别讨论了跑步鞋、着装、跑步能力。故选A。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了，xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的运动方式就是可以训练心脏、肺部以及整个血液循环系统的运动)。故选D。

3.判断推理题。第三段指出,对于慢跑者来说选择合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者没有做好准备,慢跑也可能会造成损害。故选B。

4.观点态度题。文章指出慢跑简便易行而且可以保持健康,还可以减少患心脏病的几率。故选C。

5.词义题。“mystical”出现在第一段,用于修饰“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑这一运动项目广受欢迎,并有助于保持身体健康。故选C。

14.单选题

“Youmustalwaysobeyyourleaders.’’Oh,Imust,（

）

问题1选项

A.mustn’tI

B.mustI

C.shouldn’tI

D.shouldI

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“你必须服从领导”。“噢，难道必须吗？”

语法题。考查反义疑问句。反问用法(情态动词+主语)表示对说话对象的质疑,反对,惊讶或反驳。

15.单选题

Poetryisanaturalor（

）overflowofpowerfulfeelings.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.homogeneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意:诗是自然而然，自发溢出的强烈的情感。

形容词辨析。Spontaneous自发的，自然的;simultaneous同吋的，同时发生的;instantaneous瞬间的，即时的;Homogeneous同种的，同质的。因此A符合句意。

16.单选题

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

问题1选项

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，无论白天做了什么，我们每晚睡觉时都会有两个小时的时间在做梦。

语法题。考查情态动词+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本该发生而实际上未发生”；mayhavedone表示“对过去发生的行为的一种推测”；wouldhavedone表示“本来会做某事，但实际没有做成”；musthavedone表示“对过去事情的肯定推测”。故选B。

17.单选题

Thereasonforthetrafficaccidentinthemorningwas（

）oneofthedrivershadlostcontrolofhiscar.

问题1选项

A.that

B.why

C.how

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】答案:A。

句意:今天早上的这场交通事故的原因是一个司机的车失控了。

语法题。考查表语从句。系动词was后面接的是一个表语从句,且表语从句中不缺少成分,空格处应填表语从句的连接词,因此填that。

18.单选题

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

问题1选项

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这台机器看上去像一台又大又笨的老式打字机。

形容词辨析。Forceful强有力的，有说服力的;clumsy笨拙的(贬义);intense强列的，紧张的;tricky狡猾的，机警的。因此B符合句意。

19.单选题

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M.andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat~andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnondurableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear~about64itemsperperson~andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes―andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto.

1.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher（

）.

2.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

（

）.

3.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

5.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

问题2选项

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

问题3选项

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

问题4选项

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

问题5选项

A.Satireonanextravagantlifestyle

B.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

C.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

D.Exposureofamass-marketsecret

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词Priestlycriticizesherassistant定位至第一段:Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther(在2006年的电影版‘穿普拉达的女王’中，由MerylStreep扮演的MirandaPriestly因猜想高级时尚没有影响自己没有魅力的助手而斥责她),因此可推知B项“对时尚不敏感”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable―meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(这些服装品牌怂恿有时尚意识的'消费者将衣服看成是一次性的（意味着只洗一次或两次，尽管这些品牌没有做那样的广告），且每隔几周就去更新自己的服装)。因此D项“更频繁地为自己买衣服”正确。

3.词义题。单词“indictment”后面的句子提到:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat―andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(这些服装品牌公恵有时尚意识的消级者将衣服看成是一次性的（意味着只洗一次或两次，尽管这些品牌没有做那样的广告），且每隔几周就去更新自己的服装)。因此推测“indictment”在这里有“控告”的意思；故选A。

4.判断推理题。最后一段:Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto(虚荣心是一种不变的事物；人们在自己不能承担去购买东西时才会开始更可持续性地购物)。由此可推知D项“价格对有利于环境的购物是至关重要的”正确。

5.主旨大意题。由全文主要围绕“批评快时尚行业浪费资源、劳动力，且污染环境”进行分析和论述可推知C项“批评快速时尚行业”正确。

20.单选题

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

问题1选项

A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这位学生称自己觉得这篇文章中有几点难以理解。

语法题。考查过去完成吋态。句中“said”表示一般过去时,句中后面的动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时态的A项“hadfound”正确。

21.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforthere（

）problem