2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号69

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

问题1选项

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。courtesy"礼貌的",demonstrate"举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其来的念头;剌激,推动力"。句意：当她得知自己打破了世界纪录时，情不自禁地在领奖台上落泪了。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Watchingnewsprogramatnighthasbecomean（）partofthelivesofmostpeopleinbigcities.

问题1选项

A.automotive

B.instructive

C.unconventional

D.integral

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。automotive自动的；instructive有教育意义的；unconventional不按照惯例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新闻节目已经成为大多数城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Therearelawstospecifytheperson（s）whowillobtainadeadperson's（）ifnowillexists.

问题1选项

A.heritage

B.fame

C.estate

D.prestige

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。heritage遗产;fame名声;estate房地产,财产;prestige威望。句意：法律规定,如果没有遗嘱,谁将获得死者的遗产。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Ican't（）myeagerwhenIhearofpeoplebeingcrueltoanimals.

问题1选项

A.restrain

B.alleviate

C.deteriorate

D.relieve

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。restrain"抑制,控制";alleviate"减轻,缓和";deteriorate"恶化,变坏";relieve"解除,减轻"。这里指不能控制自己的情绪,所以选项A正确。

5.单选题

Doyouknowthefactthatbroadbeancontain（）thatmustbedestroyedbycookingthemathightemperaturebeforeeatingthem?

问题1选项

A.flake

B.aroma

C.ether

D.toxin

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。flake"小薄片，火花";aroma"芳香,香味";ether"乙醚";toxin"毒素"。句意：你知道吗？蚕豆含有毒素，吃之前必须用高温烹煮。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

ThejokesBilltoldinanefforttocheerusupdidn'tquite（）.

问题1选项

A.comeoff

B.takeoff

C.gooff

D.getthrough

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。comeoff成功,奏效;takeoff脱下,离开;gooff变质;getthrough通过。句意：比尔为了使我们高兴而讲的笑话没有完全奏效。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Totakerevengeofthedefeatlastyear,eachplayerwasmakinghis（）towinthematch.Eventheirfanswerecheeringforthem.

问题1选项

A.setback

B.endeavor

C.remnant

D.distinction

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。setback挫败，退步；endeavor努力，尝试；remnant剩余；distinction区别，差别。句意：为了弥补去年的失败，每个运动员都在努力赢得比赛。甚至他们的球迷也在为他们欢呼。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

问题1选项

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。assert断言，坚持，维护；ascertain查明，确定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿着蜡烛，小心翼翼地登上狭窄的楼梯，来到自己的卧室。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Thedoctorinformedhispatientthatthedrugwasvery（）andcanhaveunpleasantside-effects.

问题1选项

A.potent

B.efficient

C.intricate

D.fragile

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。potent"（药等）有效力的,有说服力的";efficient"有能力的,效率高的",一般指办事效率;intricate"错综复杂的";fragile"易碎的,脆弱的"。句意：医生告诉他的病人这种药的药效很强，而且可能有副作用。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Whenhelefthighschool,he（）togotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangetajobstraightaway.

问题1选项

A.opted

B.forwent

C.indulged

D.excelled

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨析题。opt选择，opttodosth.指选择做某事；forwent摒弃，放弃；indulge沉溺，放纵，后面一般接介词in；excelled超过，一般与at或in搭配。句意：高中毕业后，他选择上大学攻读学位，而不是直接找工作。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

问题1选项

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Theyignoredhim,despitehisrepeated（）thathewasnotonthesceneofmurderthatevening.

问题1选项

A.assumptions

B.suppositions

C.affirmations

D.confirmations

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。assumption"假定,设想";supposition"猜测,推测";affirmation"断言,认定";confirmation"证实,确认"。句意：尽管他一再申明那天晚上他不在谋杀现场，他们对他还是置之不理。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Hehadaquarrelwithhiswifeandjust（）her.

问题1选项

A.becameof

B.gotholdof

C.walkedouton

D.passedover

【答案】C

【解析】动词词组辨析。becameof"使遭遇……;……降临于;发生……情况";gotholdof"抓住;握住,占有";walkedouton"丢在一边";passedover"越过;忽略;宽恕;回避"。句意：他和妻子吵了一架,然后把她丢在一边。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Canyouexplainthis（）oftenyearsinyourjobhistorywhichyouhavenotaccountedfor?

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.gap

C.split

D.paring

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。interruption"中断,干扰";gap"缺口,差距,间隔";split"劈裂,裂缝;paring"削皮"。选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗?选项B正确。

15.单选题

Thecolorandsmellofwaterintheserivers（）itselfhowseriousthepollutionisbutmanypeoplearestillignoringhefact.

问题1选项

A.illustrates

B.demonstrates

C.manifests

D.exemplifies

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析题。manifestoneself"显现,显露";illustrate"说明,阐明";demonstrate"举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";exemplify"例示，举例证明"。句意：这些河水的颜色和气味表明了污染的严重性，但是许多人仍然忽视了这个事实。选项C更恰当。

16.单选题

Ourprogramisdifferent（）itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekastheyincorporatetheinternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

问题1选项

A.nowthat

B.inthat

C.incase

D.regardlessof

【答案】B

【解析】nowthat"既然";inthat"由于";incase"万一,假使";regardlessof"不管,不顾"。句意：我们的项目不同,它强调了商业和工业在将互联网融入企业系统时所寻求的技术技能。前后为因果关系。所以选项B正确。

17.单选题

People'sviewonqualityeducation（）fromindividualtoindividual.

问题1选项

A.changes

B.varies

C.alters

D.transforms

【答案】B

【解析】changefrom...to…."由……改变为……";varyfrom...to…."从……到……不同";alterfrom...to..."由……转变为……";transformfrom...to…"由……转变为…"。句意：人们对素质教育的看法因人而异。选项B符合句意。

18.单选题

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

问题1选项

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建没性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初级的"。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Arithmeticistheonefundamentalscience,（）allotherphysicalsciences.

问题1选项

A.undermining

B.undertaking

C.underscoring

D.underlying

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。undermine破坏，毁坏；undertake承担，从事；underscore强调；underlie成为…的基础，位于…之下。句意：算术是一门基础科学，是所有其他物理科学的基础。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

Sheboughtahousenearthesealastyearsoshecouldtakea（）alongthebeachwhenevershewantedto.

问题1选项

A.stroll

B.stride

C.stretch

D.strand

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。stroll"散步,漫步";stride"大步";stretch"延伸,延续";strand"（线、绳、发的）股;缕"。句意：她去年在海边买了一所房子，这样她就可以随时在海滩上散步了。选项A符合句意。

21.单选题

Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutchangingtheirbodyshape,theyusuallyfocusonjustlosingweight.BooksandmagazinesaboutdietingareamongthemostpopularintheworlD.Dietingisanimportantpartofstayingfitandhealthy,butlosingweightbymeansofdietingtakestime;losingweighttoofastcancausegreathealthproblems.Dietingmeanschangingone'seatinghabitstoahealthierpattern,butmanywomenmistaketheconceptofdietingandthinkthatthelessoneeats,thebetter.Asaresult,theylosehealthaswellasweight.

Aerobicexerciseisamoderateintensityworkoutthat,overacertainperiodoftime,willimprovethebody'suseofoxygen.Nowadaysaerobicexercisehasbecomeaverytrendyworkoutamongyouths.Notonlyisperformingaerobicexerciseinteresting,butitisalsoverybeneficialforhealth.Therearedifferenttypesofaerobicslikejogging,swimming,kickboxing,fitnesswalking,inlineskating,bicycling,etC.Aerobicsstrengthenstheheartandlungs.Itisalsoespeciallypopularwithwomen.

Butneitherofthesetwomethods,dietingandaerobics,canhelpshapethebody.Todothisyouneedtobuildmuscle.So,ifafirmerandshapelierbodyisyourgoal,60percentofyourexerciseroutineshouldinvolvestrengtheningmoves,andonly30percentshouldbeaerobicexercises.

Foraproperbody-shapingroutine,youshouldplanthreestrength-trainingsessionsaweekwithweights.Useweightswhichareasheavyaspossiblewhilestillallowingyoutodo8to12repsofeachexercise.Doonetothreeexercisesforeachmusclegroups-forexample,chestandbiceps,orback,shouldersandtriceps.

Youshouldcombinethiswithfast-pacedaerobicsactivities,likeswimming,cycling,walking,running,orin-lineskating,planthreetofourworkoutsaweek,15to20minuteseach,increasingthepaceeachweek.

Asyoubuildmuscle,youmayfindthatyougainweightinspiteofallofyourcalorie-burningexercise.Don'tworry.It'sprobablymuscle,whichisdenserthanfat.Andmuscleisalsoacalorie-burningtissue.Withmoremuscle,youcanburnmorecalories,evenwhenyouarenotexercising.

Whenyouaretryingtobuildmuscle,youneedtwotothreeservingofproteinaday,butthemainpartofyourdietshouldbecarbohydrates.Andinordertogettheenergyyouneedforahigh-intensityworkout,youshouldeatsomething,especiallycarbohydrates,anhourorsobeforeyourworkout.

Whileweighttrainingwillfirmandshapeyourbody,ithasotherbenefitstoo.Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutdieting?

2."Workouts"includeallthefollowingexcept（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthesuggestionsgiveninthepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.What'stheultimatepurposeofstrength-trainingwithweights?

问题1选项

A.Dietingisaboutchangingone'seatinghabits.

B.Dietingdoesnotnecessarilymeaneatinglessthanoneusedto.

C.Dietingdoesnotnecessarilymeanlosingweight.

D.Losingweightisboundtocausegreathealthproblems.

问题2选项

A.bicycling

B.dieting

C.weighttraining

D.aerobicexercise

问题3选项

A.Exerciseshouldbedoneforeachmajorgroupofmuscles.

B.Whenyoudoweight-training,theweightsyouuseshouldbeasheavyaspossible.

C.Goonaproperdietformuscle-building.

D.Muscle-buildingexerciseshouldbecombinedwithaerobicactivities.

问题4选项

A.Muscle-buildingexerciseresultsinweight-gaining,butthatisnotaproblemtoworryabout.

B.Musclehelpsonekeepfit.

C.Improvedmusclestrengthcanleadtoahigherqualityoflife.

D.Weight-traininghelpsshapeupyoubody.

问题5选项

A.Toincreasethepaceofyouraerobicexercise.

B.Toburnmorecaloriesandloseweight.

C.Tobuildmuscleandloseweight.

D.Toshapeyourbodyandmakeyourlifemoreenjoyable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第一段的倒数第二句"Dietingmeanschanging...oneeats,thebetter."可知选项A和B均正确；根据第一段第三句的上半句"Dietingisanimportantpartofstayingfitandhealthy,..."可知选项C正确；根据第一段第三句的下半句"losingweighttoofastcancausegreathealthproblems."减肥过快会导致严重的健康问题。选项D缺少toofast这个条件,所以不正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第一句"Butneitherofthesetwomethods,dietingandaerobics,canhelpshapethebody."可知dieting和workout是并列关系,并非包含关系。所以选项B正确。

3.细节判断题。根据第四段的第二句"Useweightswhichareasheavyaspossiblewhilestillallowingyoutodo8to12repsofeachexercise."尽可能使用重的杠铃,同时还能做8到12次的锻炼。而不是选项B中所说的越重越好,所以选项B错误。

4.细节判断题。根据末段的最后一句"Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife.".健康状况的改善才能提髙生活质量,而不是增加肌肉力量,选项C本末倒置,所以错误。

5.细节判断题。根据末段的最后一句"Itimprovesboneandmusclestrengthandburnscalories,leadingtoimprovedhealthandahigherqualityoflife."体能训练的最终目的是改善健康状况,从而提髙生活质量。所以选项D符合原文。

22.单选题

Thetroopswereina（）position,completelyexposedtoattackfromtheair.

问题1选项

A.eminent

B.brutal

C.vulnerable

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置,完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。

23.单选题

（）frompower,hehadtogobacktohishometownandtoilinhislittlefarm.

问题1选项

A.Relinquished

B.Tumbled

C.Displaced

D.Retrieved

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。Relinquished放弃；Tumbled倒塌，猛跌；Displaced取代；Retrieved重新取回，挽救。句意：失去权力后，他不得不回到家乡，在他的小农场里劳作。relinquishpower指被迫交出权力。选项A符合句意。

24.单选题

Noonereallyknowswhocomposedthispieceofmusic,butithadbeen（）toBach.

问题1选项

A.associated

B.identified

C.attributed

D.considered

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。associate通常与with搭配,意为"交往,结合";identifyto"认出,识别";attributeto"归属,把……归于",consider不与to搭配。句意：没人知道是谁谱写了这首曲子,但它是巴赫的作品。选项C正确。

25.单选题

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

问题1选项

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。considerably"相当地,非常";approximately"大约,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美国教育服务公司运营着70家学院,主要为大约2.8万名学生提供以职业为中心的学位课程。空后为数字,只有approximately后可接数字。所以选项B正确。

26.单选题

Thevalueoftheindustrial（）droppedfromabout70billiondollarstoslightlymorethan31billion.

问题1选项

A.outcome

B.outlook

C.output

D.outset

【答案】C

【解析】常用搭配。industrialoutput指"工业产量",为常用搭配。句意：工业产值从700亿美元下降到310多亿美元。选项C正确。

27.单选题

ThecourtruledthatJohnwas（）inhittingthemaninself-defensepunished.

问题1选项

A.justified

B.accused

C.approved

D.admitted

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。justified证明...正当；accused指责，控告；approved认可；admitted承认。句意：法院裁决John被证明打人是正当防卫而受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。

28.单选题

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

问题1选项

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。fellshortof达不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是词组。句意：他很聪明,但达不到管理职位的要求。选项A符合句意。

29.单选题

Itis（）thatmakesthefemalehorsetobenddownandlickitsnewbornfoal.

问题1选项

A.impulse

B.inspiration

C.incentive

D.instinct

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。impulse"推动,冲动";inspiration"灵感,启发";incentive"动机,刺激";instinct"本能,直觉"。句意：母马弯下腰去舔它刚出生的小马驹,这是一种本能。选项D符合句意。

30.单选题

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

问题1选项

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。modify"修改,更改;修饰";alter"改变,更改";regulate"控制,管理,调节";revise"修订,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范围较广,指任何的改变,revise通常指修订课本,制度的管理和规定经常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些习俗,这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。所以选项C正确。

31.单选题

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand（）bythesamefederallaws.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.abide

C.sustain

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般与to和with搭配;sustain"承受;维持";comply"遵从，服从"，一般与with搭配。句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言,并且遵守同样的联邦法律。选项B正确。

32.单选题

TheMayacivilizationreacheditsperiodofgreatestdevelopmentaboutA.D.250andcontinuedto（）forhundredsofyears.

问题1选项

A.thrive

B.flourish

C.prevail

D.popularize

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。thrive繁荣,兴旺,主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣,兴旺,指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行,战胜;popularize普及,推广。句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期,并持续繁荣了数百年。所以选项B更合适。

33.单选题

She（）andloweredherheadwhenshecouldn'tanswerthequestioninthepresenceofherclassmates.

问题1选项

A.refuted

B.defied

C.contradicted

D.disputed

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。refute反驳,驳斥;defy挑衅,不服从,公然反抗,还有使落空的意思;contradicted反驳,矛盾;disputed争论,激烈辩论。句意：当她不能在同学面前回答问题时,她感到很落空并低下了头。选项B符合句意。

34.单选题

ToliveintheUnitedSlatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf'sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanqualityoftechnologyis;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisorderedandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmentofsupplementandreplacessomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit（）.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause（）.

4.Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology"(line7,ParA.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology（）.

5.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor's（）.

问题1选项

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.isutilizedbyman

C.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

问题2选项

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

问题3选项

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

问题4选项

A.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

问题5选项

A.keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology

B.prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheIndustrialRevolution

C.cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers

D.exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段第三句“Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.”除非人们用矛去捕获猎物或用机器人去生产机器零件，否则二者都只不过是硬梆梆的物体而已。也就是说只有为人类所用的时候，它们才具有科技含量，所以选项B正确。

2.根据关键词“theChallengerandChernobyl”定位到第二段第五句：挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核事故使人们认识到技术的人为特征是多么重要。下文继续提到，计划良好的系统突然变得完全混乱，而且没有现成的人手来纠正它们。因为技术是人类创造的，容易出问题。所以选项D正确。

3.根据第三段的倒数第二句“Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.”它之所以是革命性的，主要原因是它带来了巨大的社会变革。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第二段所举的例子可知，作者意在说明技术的人为性特征，即技术同人性一样，存在弱点。选项B正确。

5.本题可用排除法。作者在文中并没有对工业革命进行批判，所以选项B不正确；大脑不会被电脑所取代，选项C也表述错误；虽然科技有负面影响，但作者没有进行夸大的描述，所以选项D错误。B,C,D三项均可排除，选项A正确，作者对技术的本质有着敏锐的洞察。

35.单选题

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

问题2选项

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

问题3选项

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

问题4选项

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

问题5选项

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。第一段的最后一句为本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”这句话的潜在意思就是说:现在多才多艺的人越来越少。选项D符合原文。

2.语义题。原文中的分号,以及as说明,前后是同类事物的比较。根据下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以选项A正确。原文句意：有些科学家在他自己的研究领域之外和白痴一样。

3.全文主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲多才多艺的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并没有说如何成为一个多才多艺的人，所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科学们不得不把大部分的生命投入到一个非常有限的研究领域，以便与他们的同行竞争。选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”这里采用双重否定强调这一目标的实现需要付出相当大的代价。所以选项B与原文不符。

36.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.bymeansof

C.atsightof

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词义辨析。byvirtueof"由于,凭借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看见";bywayof"经由,当作"。句意：塑料袋可用来装各种食品,因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。选项A符合句意。

37.单选题

Thoughthisbookwaswrittenmorethan50yearsago,ithasarelativelycontemporaryappeal,andits（）plottingwillamusemysterylovers.

问题1选项

A.intricate

B.disparate

C.compassionate

D.passionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。intricate错综复杂的；disparate不同的，迥异的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate热情的，充满激情的。句意：虽然这本书是50多年前写的，但它具有相对现代的吸引力，其错综复杂的情节会让神秘爱好者感到有趣。选项D符合句意。

38.单选题

Thedoctorwasina（）astowhethertotellthepatientthetruthoralie.

问题1选项

A.prudence

B.dilemma

C.secrecy

D.psychology

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。prudence谨慎；dilemma困境，进退两难；secrecy保密；psychology心理学。句意：医生陷入进退两难的困境，不知该告诉病人真相还是谎言。选项B符合句意。

39.单选题

Bigcitestodayareconfrontedwithveryseriousproblems.Transportisa（1）difficulty:someplannersbelievein（2）transportsystem;othersbelieveinmakingitpossibleforcitizenstomove（3）inprivatecars.Thereareseveralwaysof（4）apublictransportsystem.Sometimesitisbuiltundertheground,sometimesitisonthe（5）,andsometimesitisevenabovegroundlevel,（6）inpartsofNewYorkandmorecrimeandTokyoforexample.Inmostcases,ofcourse,itisa（7）ofsomeoralloftheseelements.

The（8）ofthecitycentershasalsobeenaprobleminthelast30years.Theheartsofmanycitieshavebecomepoorerandpoorer,（9）moreandmorecrimeandviolence,（10

）thepeoplewhocanaffordtohavemovedouttothe（11）.Thisistheoppositeofthesituation100yearsago,（12）wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,andthepoorlived（13

）theoutskirtsofthecity.

Ecologicalproblemsalso（14）,asfactoriesandcarspollutetheair,treearecutdowntomake（15

）forurbanclearways,andcrowdedconditionscausegarbageto（16

）inthestreets.

Inordertosolvetheseproblems,someplannersbelieveweshouldlimitthesizeofourcities,perhapsbyrestrictingpopulation,orperhapsbyoffering（17）jobsintheprovinces.Othersbelievethatcitiescannotbelimitedinsizeandthattheproblemsmustbesolvedina（18）ofways—bycreatinggreenareas,building（19

）housesforeverybody,stoppingfactorypollution,（20

）motortransport,andsoon.

问题1选项

A.minor

B.major

C.little

D.small

问题2选项

A.mass

B.mess

C.massy

D.messy

问题3选项

A.outside

B.through

C.across

D.about

问题4选项

A.settingup

B.makingup

C.takingup

D.buildingup

问题5选项

A.field

B.earth

C.surface

D.soil

问题6选项

A.like

B.as

C.same

D.similar

问题7选项

A.cooperation

B.imitation

C.separation

D.combination

问题8选项

A.decrease

B.decline

C.reduction

D.release

问题9选项

A.or

B.being

C.with

D.against

问题10选项

A.while

B.though

C.because

D.even

问题11选项

A.suburbs

B.downtowns

C.countrysides

D.rural

问题12选项

A.where

B.what

C.when

D.why

问题13选项

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.by

问题14选项

A.arise

B.rise

C.arouse

D.raise

问题15选项

A.place

B.path

C.road

D.way

问题16选项

A.compose

B.present

C.accumulate

D.dispose

问题17选项

A.potential

B.attractive

C.competitive

D.secure

问题18选项

A.various

B.variable

C.variety

D.varying

问题19选项

A.decent

B.fundamental

C.delicate

D.eternal

问题20选项

A.developing

B.