2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号22

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

[A]Althoughpearlsmaybeformedbyanyshelledmollusk,themostvaluablepearlsareobtainedfrom[B]theoysters.Exceptfor[C]imitationpearls,whichareentirelyman-made,allpearlsareformedasecretionaroundanirritatingbodythatentersthesofttissueofamollusk.[D]Iftheirritatingbodyentersthemolluskbyaccident,anaturalpearlforms.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.theoysters

C.imitationpearls

D.Iftheirritatingbody

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠词用法。B选项处oysters是复数形式，表示泛指，前面不应加定冠词the。

2.单选题

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee（

）backbeforeourbirth（

）outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

问题1选项

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列连词。空格处句意：我们的知识局限于此，“······出生之前，······我们死亡之后。”我们对于生前死后的知识应为否定状态。四个选项中只有B选项表示否定。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.这些新设立的企业带动了上千万人就业，而且成长性强，是中国经济增长新的支撑力量。我们不仅降低市场准入门槛，采取“雪中送炭”的政策支持这些新设企业，还加强事中事后监管、创造公平竞争的市场环境，织密社会保障安全网、让创业创新者无后顾之忧，培植企业健康成长的沃土。

2.中国是医疗卫生领域国际合作的倡导者、推动者和践行者，始终致力于实现国际人口与发展大会行动纲领，全面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程特别是健康领域可持续发展目标，积极开展对外医疗援助和全球应急处置，认真履行健康领域国际公约，勇于承担国际人道主义责任。

3.贫困的广泛存在严重妨碍人权的充分实现和享有。减缓和消除贫困，是人权保障的重要内容。多年来，中国政府坚持消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，持续开展以农村扶贫开发为中心的减贫行动，努力实现脱贫致富。

【答案】1.Thesenewbusinesshavegeneratedmorethan10millionjobs,andhavebecomeanewpillarofChina’seconomicgrowththankstotheirstronggrowthprospect.Wehavenotonlyloweredthethresholdofmarketaccessbyofferingmuch-neededpolicysupporttothesenewly-establishedbusinesses,butalsoenhancedon-goingandex-postoversight,createdamarketenvironmentfeaturingfaircompetition,andimprovedthesocialsecuritynetwork,sothatthoseinvolvedinentrepreneurshipandinnovationwillhavenoadditionalworriesandwillgrowhealthilyonthelandwehavefosteredforthem.

2.Chinaadvocates,promotesandcarriesoutinternationalmedicalandhealthcooperation.ItisfirmlycommittedtorealizingtheProgramofActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment,andimplementingtheUnitedNations2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment,especiallysustainabledevelopmentgoalsrelatingtohealth.Chinaactivelyprovidesmedicalaidtoothercountries,andpromptlyconductsglobalemergencyresponses.Itearnestlyimplementsinternationalhealthconventionsandshouldersitsinternationalhumanitarianresponsibilities.

3.Povertyissowidespreadthatithasseriouslyhinderedthefulfilmentandenjoymentofhumanrights;reducingandeliminatingpovertyisthereforeamajorelementofhumanrightsprotection.Overtherecentdecades,theChinesegovernmenthaspreservedinitsattempttoeliminatepoverty,improvepeople’swell-being,andgraduallyrealizecommonprosperity.Ithasmadecontinuousdevelopment-orientedpoverty-reductioneffortsinruralareastohelpthosewhoarestrivingtoescapefrompovertyandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.

4.单选题

Sowhygothroughthe3-to-5year,gruelingandpainfulprocessofgettingadegreewhenyoucanjustgetajobstraightoutofcollegeandgetonwithyourlife,makingasalaryandworkingonstuffthatmatters?

问题1选项

A.arduous

B.hilarious

C.dreadful

D.straightforward

【答案】A

【解析】划线词grueling和后面的painful“痛苦的”都是用来描述获得学位的过程。A选项arduous“努力的；费力的”；B选项hilarious“欢闹的；情不自禁的”；C选项dreadful“可怕的；糟透的”；D选项straightforward“简单的；径直的”。综合分析句意和选项，不难发现A选项“费力的”更合适，C选项过于极端。

5.单选题

（1）

Player1maynotknowtheseparticularwordsofwisdom,butchancesareshe'sthinkingmuchthesameasshetriestodecidewhethertosendPlayer2someofher$10stake.Ifshedoes,themoneywillbetripled,andheranonymouspartnercanchoosetoreturnnone,some,orallofthecash.ButwhyshouldPlayer2sendanythingback?AndwhyshouldPlayer1giveanythinginthefirstplace?Despitetheironlogicofthisargument,shetypesinhercommandtosendsomemoney.Afewmomentslatershesmiles,seeingfromherscreenthatPlayer2hasreturnedatidysumthatleavesthembothshowinganetprofit.

（2）

BasedonexactlythesamecoldlogicthatPlayer1dismissed,theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthatineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers,whereonehastomakedecisionsbasedonaforecastofanother'sresponse,theoptimalleveloftrustiszero.Yetdespitetheeconomicorthodoxy,thebehaviorofPlayers1and2isnotexceptional.Infact,overthecourseofhundredsofsuchtrials,itturnsoutthatabouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.

Zakisaleadingprotagonistintherelativelynewfieldofneuroeconomics,whichaimstounderstandhumansocialinteractionsthrougheverylevelfromsynapsetosociety.Itisahugelyambitiousundertaking.Bylayingbarethemysteriesofsuchnebuloushumanattributesastrust,neuroeconomistshopetotransformourself-understanding.（3）

“Aswelearnmoreabouttheremarkableinternalorderofthemind,wewillalsounderstandfarmoredeeplythesocialmindandthereforetheexternalorderofpersonalexchange,andtheextendedorderofexchangethroughmarkets.”

（4）

AsZak’scollaboratorSteveKnackoftheWorldBankpointsout:“Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry'seconomichealth.Wheretrustislow,individualsandorganizationsaremorewaryaboutengaginginfinancialtransactions,whichtendstodepressthenationaleconomy.”

Andtrustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations.TheWorldValuesSurvey,basedattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,hasaskedpeopleincountriesaroundtheworld,“Doyouthinkstrangerscangenerallybetrusted?”thepositiveresponseratevariesfromabout65%inNorwaytoabout5%inBrazil.（5）

“Policy-makersintheselattercountriesmightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels,”observesKnack.

问题1选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica—riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题2选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题3选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题4选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

问题5选项

A.Evenmoreintriguingly,itseemsthatthisurgetorespondpositivelywhensomeoneshowstrustinusislargelyoutsideourcontrol.

B.Cruciallyforinternationaleconomicdevelopment,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.

C.Disturbingly,countrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%—asisthecaseinmuchofSouthAmericaandAfrica-riskfallingintoapermanentsuspicion-lockedpovertytrap.

D.“It'sgoodtotrust;it'sbetternotto,”goesanItalianproverb.

E.Theybelievetheirfindingsevenhavethepotentialtohelpmakesocietiesmoreproductiveandsuccessful.

F.Hepointsoutthatourbrainshavebeentailoredbyevolutiontocopewithgroupliving.

G.Thisoutcomedoesn'tjustfloutproverbialwisdom,itthumbsitsnoseateconomictheory.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:G

第3题:F

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.此句为整篇文章的开头，用意大利的谚语引入主题，“信任是件好事，但最好不要信任。”，根据第一段的内容，主要讲到了玩家一和玩家二之间的金钱交易行为以及是否彼此信任，可知，文章的主题为信任关系，所以选项D符合文意。

2.文章第一段主要用实例说明了经济交易中的信任关系，也是对意大利谚语的一种反驳和证明，说明经济交易中是存在信任关系的。文章第二段把这种信任再次放到经济理论中进行了讨论。所以第一段实验得出的结果不仅是对谚语的一种蔑视，而且是对第二段中提到的经济理论的挑战。选项G符合题意。

3.根据文章第三段，主要提到了Zak的相关理论和观点，因为空格上文提到了Zak这个人物，所以下文用he来指代。选项F符合题意。

4.根据文章第四段，可知主要提到信任是影响一个国家经济最强大的因素之一，所以本段的首句应与国家经济相关。选项B符合题意。

5.根据文章第五段，主要内容为不同国家之间的信任水平存在差异，并给了一些统计调查数据。空格前给出了挪威和巴西有关信任度的调查数据，可判断出空格中会继续列举数据。又根据空格后文，提到后面一类的国家迫切需要提升国民信任度。可知空格中会列举一些国民信任度较低的国家，选项C符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

6.单选题

Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAge（

）inchargeofevents.

问题1选项

A.theyhadbeen

B.hadtheybeen

C.theyhadhavebeen

D.werethey

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。If引导的虚拟条件句省略if时，谓语动词或助动词提到主语前，形成主谓倒装。题干中had提到they前面，形成部分倒装。How引导的这个句子的正常语序应该是：Iftheyhadbeeninchargeofevents,theywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgeinfancifulmodelschemes。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

35.Voluntaryandnon-remunerateddonationmaybesufficientforacountryoraregion[A]tocoverallitsbloodproductneeds,but[B]requireanefficientorganizationandtheeliminationof“spuriousAltruism”,non-monetaryformsofcompensation[C]thatharmthesocialimageofvoluntarydonationandobstruct[D]itsfurtherdevelopment.

问题1选项

A.tocoverallits

B.require

C.thatharm

D.its

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。B选项的require主语是donation，单数名词，应把require改为requires。

8.单选题

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

问题1选项

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致。第一个空格指代前面句子中的名词unmonitoredworkers。第二个空格处做宾语从句中的谓语动词，主语是productivity，因此只能用三单形式。因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行词sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介词on前置，因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

oncerningspeculation,philosophylooksuponthingsfromthebroadestpossibleperspective;forcriticism,ithasthetwofoldroleofquestioningandjudgingeverythingthatpertainseithertothefoundationsortothesuperstructureofhumanthinking.

问题1选项

A.inebriates

B.forsakes

C.relates

D.emaciates

【答案】C

【解析】Pertain作为后半句的定语从句中的谓语动词，后面有to与之相搭配。选项中常与to搭配的只有relate。A选项inebriate“灌醉，使陶醉”；B选项forsake“放弃，断念”；C选项relate“有联系，涉及”；D选项emaciate“使消瘦”。从句意上来说，也只有C选项relate相符合。

11.单选题

Withalltheseartsandpursuitsofpracticallife,theintellectualbusinessofthinking—ofsuchthinkingatleastasiscommontomostmen—andofcommunicatingthought,hasasortofaffinityandresemblance.For,unquestionably,itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomyandprudentstewardshipofthatever-shiftingmassofincomingandoutgoingthoughtswhichmakeupourintellectualestateandproperty.Andthisisthemorenecessarythegreaterarethetreasuresofthoughtpossessedbyourage.For,inthehighlyrapidinterchangeofandtrafficinideas,whichiscarryingon,thereceiptsanddisbursementsarenotalwaysdulybalanced.Thereismuchcause,therefore,tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould,byallmeans,wishtogainavictory,notindeedforyou,butwithyou,oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought,whichare,however,butcheatsandcounterfeitswhichdistractthemindsofthepresentgeneration,disturbtheharmonyoflife,andbanishpeaceevenfromtheintellectualworld.Andasrespectsthethirdillustration:Ishouldindeedrejoiceashaving,inagreatmeasure,attainedmyobject,ifonlyIshallsucceedindirectingyourattentiontosomestarinthehigherregionofintellect,whichhithertowaseithertotallyunknown,or,atleast,neverbeforefullyobserved.Butaboveall,Ithinkitnecessarytoobservefurther,thatinthesamewayasphilosophylosessightofitstrueobjectandappropriatematter,wheneitheritpassesintoandmergesintheology,ormeddleswithexternalpolitics,soalsodoesitmaritsproperformwhenitattemptstomimictherigorousmethodofmathematics.InthemiddleofthelastcenturyscarcelywastheretobefoundaGermanmanualforanyofthesciencesthatdidnotapethemathematicalstyle,andwhereeverysinglepositioninthelongarrayofinterminableparagraphsdidnotconcludewiththesolemnactofdemonstrativephraseology.Butitisalsowellknownthatthephilosophywhichwaspropoundedinthisinappropriateformandmethodwascrammedfoilof,nay,rather,washardlyanythingmorethanatissueofarbitrary,nowforgotten,hypotheses,whichhavenotbroughttheworldatallnearertothetruth—notatleasttothattruthwhichphilosophyisinsearchof,andwhichissomethinghigherthanamereexampleofaccuratecomputation.Andeveninthepresentday—although,indeed,theapplicationismadeinaverydifferentwayfromformerly—Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies,inwhichallthings,eventhemostopposite,admitofbeingcomprisedandblendedtogether.But,beitasitmay,thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction.Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual(Geistige).Asinacorrectarchitecturalstructureitisnecessarythatallitspartsshouldbeinunison,andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably,soineveryphilosophicalcommunication,thesolidsimplebasisbeinglaid,thearrangementofalltheparts,andthecarefulrejectionandexclusionofallforeignmatter,isthemostessentialpoint,bothforinternalcorrectnessandexternalperspicuity.But,intruth,thematterinhandbearsafarcloserresemblanceandaffinitytonaturalobjectswhichliveandgrow,thantoanylifelessedificeofstone;toagreattree,forinstance,noblyandbeautifullyspreadingoutonallsidesinitsmanyarmsandbranches.Assuchatreestrikesthehastyandpassingglance,itformsasomewhatirregularandnotstrictlyfinishedwhole;thereitstands,justasthestemhasshotupfromtheroot,andhasdivideditselfintoacertainnumberofbranches,andtwigs,andleaves,whichlivinglymovebackwardandforwardinthefreeair.Butexamineitmoreclosely,andhowperfectappearsitswholestructure!Howwonderfulthesymmetry,howminutelyregulartheorganizationofallitsparts,evenofeachlittleleafanddelicatefiber!Inthesamewaywilltheever-growingtreeofhumanconsciousnessandlifeappearinphilosophy,wheneveritisnottornfromitsrootsandstrippedofitsleavesbyapretendedwisdom,butisvividlyapprehendedbyatruescience,andexhibitedandpresentedtothemindinitslifeanditsgrowth.

1.Themainpurposeofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whatistheauthor’sconcernasexpressedthroughthefirstmetaphoricexposition?

3.Thesecondconcernoftheauthorrefersto

（

）.

4.Whatisthefunctionoftheauthor’sfrequentusageofrhetoricalfiguresofspeech?

5.Inthepassage,theauthoroutlinesapleafor（

）.

问题1选项

A.toclarifythesystemofeconomictheory

B.tosuggestanewsystemofphilosophy

C.tocriticizethesystemofmathematics

D.toillustratethesystematicdialectics

问题2选项

A.Randomdisbursementofproposalsandhypothesis.

B.Aconfusionofalgebraicformularies.

C.Anunwarrantedlossofappropriatereference.

D.Violationofintellectualpropertyrights.

问题3选项

A.avariegatedsetoffallacies

B.acantankeroustypeofpessimism

C.unqualifiedquackery

D.theproliferationofmetaphysics

问题4选项

A.Definition.

B.Clarification.

C.Exemplification.

D.Illustration.

问题5选项

A.rigor

B.topicality

C.reliability

D.flexibility

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。文中提到“itisoneamongthemanyproblemsofphilosophytoestablishawiseeconomy”，这是众多关系创建明智经济体的哲学问题之一。其中it是指前面的“theintellectualbusinessofthinking”，后续围绕哲学及思想展开阐述，因此B选项“提出一种新的哲学体系”符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。作者的第一次metaphoricexposition“隐喻性阐述”出现在“…tofearlestathoughtlessandlavishdissipationofthenoblestmentalendowmentsshouldbecomeprevalent,orafalseandbaselesscredit-systeminthoughtspringupamidanabsolutedeficiencyofasolidandpermanentcapitalsafelyinvestedinfundamentalideasandlastingtruths.”即担忧对最高贵的精神天赋的轻率和奢侈的挥霍会成为普遍现象，担忧由于缺乏可靠的资本安全地投资于重要的思想和永恒的真题，虚假和毫无根据的信用体系会涌现出来。所以作者担心的是思想天赋的消耗，C选项“不适当的损失”符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。文中提到“Asforthesecondsimile:Ishould…wishtogainavictory…oversomeofthemanyerrorsandmanysemblancesofthought”，本句说到，作者希望战胜思想中的那些错误和假想。因此A选项“各种错误的见解”符合题意。

第4题:4.写作手法题。文中几处“hasasortofaffinityandresemblance”“Asforthesecondsimile”“andsuchastheeyecantakeineasilyandagreeably”等修辞手法都是为了生动说明文中提出的新哲学体系。因此B选项clarification“说明”符合题意。

第5题:5.作者意图题。在文中，作者由“Germanphilosophyisanythingbutfreefromthosealgebraicformularies…thiselaboratestructureofmechanicaldemonstrationcanneverproduceatrue,intrinsic,andfullconviction”说到德国哲学只是一些代数公式，这种复杂的机械示范永远不会产生真正的、内在的、充分的信念。后又说到“Themethodwhichphilosophyreallyrequiresisquitedifferent,beingabsolutelyinternalandintellectual”，哲学真正需要的方法是与前面提及的德国哲学相反的。通过前后文，作者呼吁的是与“机械示范”相对的“灵活性”，因此D选项符合题意。

12.单选题

In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly（

）theentireindustrialsector.

问题1选项

A.motivating

B.encompassing

C.enticing

D.undercutting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“激励；刺激”；B选项encompass“包含；包围”；C选项entice“怂恿；诱使”；D选项undercut“削（价）竞争；削弱”。句意：1910年，超过60万的黑人工人，或者说10%的黑人工人报告说他们从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这一联邦人口普查类别大致……整个工业部门。综合句意与选项可知B选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Oneoftheimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepoweristhepowertopublicizeinvestigationsand[A]theirresults.Mostcommitteehearingsare[B]opentopublicandarereportedwidelyinthemassmedia.Congressionalinvestigations[C]thusrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakerstoinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterest[D]innationalissues.

问题1选项

A.their

B.opentopublic

C.thusrepresent

D.in

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠词。public表示“公众”时，前面应加定冠词，因此B选项opentopublic应该为opentothepublic。

14.单选题

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

问题1选项

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词比较级。空格前的and表明前后两个部分是并列关系，主语均为people，是集合名词，先排除B和C选项。前半句句意：很少有人有时间去掌握一门外语的“全部”知识。为了保持并列关系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量实际地使用这样一种语言的人就更少了。因此D选项符合题意。

15.单选题

TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved（

）ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.

问题1选项

A.thatheistothink

B.tothink

C.thatheisthinking

D.tobethinking

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。当句子的主语是it时，才会使用itisbelievedthat…的形式，因此排除A和C选项。句意：人们相信财政部长正在考虑征收新税以增加额外收入。由句意可知此处应使用动词不定式的现在进行时tobethinking表示“正在考虑”。因此D选项符合题意。

16.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.当然，他们找不到哪怕一点证据表明以上的伤害与失去政府援助给穷人造成的伤害有任何可比性。

2.第三个，也是与此密切相关的，旨在减轻我们对穷人的责任的设计，是公共援助措施对激励产生不利影响的论点。

3.您真的相信我们这个时代的大人物们，比如说公司的法人或者总经理，会因为赚的少而整日游手好闲，不思工作吗？这是对美国商人，特别是努力工作的商人们的诽谤。信念可以是真理的仆从，也可以是便利的仆从。

4.无可争辩的是，没有任何一种对人的压迫和对思想努力的束缚更甚于来自身无分文的压迫和束缚。

5.我们常听到当富人抱怨他们的自由因征税导致收入减少而受限，却不曾听到因为得到可花之钱而显著提高了穷人的自由的消息。

17.单选题

Inalettertoafriend,GeorgeOrwellwrote,“ItisimpossibletomentionJewsinprint,eitherfavorablyorunfavorably,withoutgettingintotrouble.”Buttherearetimeswhentroublehadbetterbegotintobeforemeretroubleturnsintocatastrophe.Jews,blacks,andhomosexualistsaredespisedbythemajoritiesofEastandWest.Also,asaresultoftheinventionofIsrael,JewscannowcountonthehatredoftheIslamicworld.SinceAmerica’sownChristianmajoritylookstobegettingreadyforgreatadventuresathomeandabroad,Iwouldsuggestthatthethreedespisedminoritiesjoinforcesinordernottobedestroyed.Thisseemsanobviousthingtodo.Unfortunately,mostJewsrefusetoseeanysimilaritybetweentheirspecialsituationandthatofthesame-sexers.Atonelevel,theJewsareperfectlycorrect.Aracialorreligiousortribalidentityisakindoffact.Althoughsexualpreferenceisanevenmorepowerfulfact,itisnotonethatcreatesanyparticularsocialorculturalorreligiousbondbetweenthoseso-minded.AlthoughJewswoulddoubtlessbeJewsiftherewasnoanti-Semitism,same-sexerswouldthinklittleornothingatallabouttheirpreferenceifsocietyignoredit.Sothereisadifferencebetweenthetwoestates.ButthereisnodifferenceinthedegreeofhatredfeltbytheChristianmajorityforC