2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin_______theareasofleastexperience.

问题1选项

A.thatitmightbecalled

B.whatmightbecalled

C.whichmightbecalled

D.itmightbecalled

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。根据in可知横线部分是宾语从句，根据横线后面判断宾语从句缺主语。A选项中that不做主语，故A选项错误。D选项构成完整句子，不符合从句结构，故错误。C选项which表示“哪一个”，不符合句意，故错误。B选项中what指areasofleastexperience“经验最少的领域”，是从句主语，符合题意。句意：事实是，当母亲在所谓不需要经验的领域里有最高的要求。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.

ThatisasignificantshiftinBritain.ForyearsownersoccupyahigherpercentageofhomesinBritainthanintheUnitedStates,France,orGermany.OnereasonhomeownershipissoattractiveinBritainisbecausepropertyvaluesdroppedlessdrasticallythanintheUnitedStates,inpartbecauseofashortageinhousing.Pricesinsomelargecities,includingLondon,haveevenincreasedrecently.Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund,saidAndrewHull,researchfellowattheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch.“Homeownershipisalsoculturallyentrenched,”hesaid.“Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.”

Thebigshifttowardhomeownershipcameinthe1980swhenMrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy,whichallowedmanyinrentedgovernmenthousingtobuytheirhomes.Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.UnlikeGermanyandotherContinentalEuropeancountries,Britain’sprivaterentalmarketishighlyfragmented,withmanylandlordsandlawsthatgenerallyfavorthepropertyowner.Mostleasesareforsixmonthsonly,withlandlordsrarelyagreeingtocommittolongerterms;thismakesrentinghighlyinsecure.

Butasthepainofgovernment-imposedausteritysinksindisposableincomehasshrunkandloanrequirementhavetoughened,forcingmoreandmoreBritonsintorentingratherthanbuying.Overthelast10yearsthenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod,accordingtotheOfficeforNationalStatistics.Risingdemandhaspusheduprentsbyanaverageof4.4percentoverthelastyear,accordingtoLSLPropertyService.InLondonrentsincreased7.8percent.

“Agrowingnumberofyoungwould—bebuyersarepreparingforlifelong-renting—bynecessityratherthanchoice,”saidJonathanMoore,directorofeasyroommate.co.uk,apropertyWebsite.CharlotteAshton,30,haslivedinrentedaccommodationseversincesheleftherparent’shometoattenduniversity.Shesaidshewassavingforadownpaymenttobuyherownhome.“Idobelieveinthefundamentalsofowningbricksandmortarassecurityforthefuture,morethanleavingmymoneyinthebanksasalowinterestrate”,saidMs.Ashton,whoworksinpublicrelations.“Butnowitseemsunlessyouhaveaverywellpaidjobandarewillingtosaveeverypenny,it’sunfeasibletobuywithoutthehelpofthebankofMumandDad.”

Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods,AlisonBlackwell,aresearchdirectorattheNationalCenterforSocialResearchandauthoroftheHalifaxreportsaid.Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.

36.ForBritishpeople,buyinghouseis________.

37.Mrs.Thatcher’sright-to-buypolicyhasledto________.

38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGenerationRentistrue?

39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

40.Morepeople’sinclinationtorentratherthanbuyahousewillnot________.

问题1选项

A.adistantgoal

B.asymbolofsuccess

C.acompulsorychoice

D.nothingbutaninvestment

问题2选项

A.thehomeownershipbust

B.theeconomicrecovery

C.thehomeownershipboom

D.theeconomicrecession

问题3选项

A.Theyconsiderrentingasalifelongplanratherthanatemporarychoice.

B.Theyareinfaceofeconomicdownturnandariskofearlyretirement.

C.Theydespisetheideaofaskingparentsformoneytobuyhouse.

D.Theystillbelieveintheblessingofhousejustliketheirpreviousgeneration.

问题4选项

A.therentalmarketandthebuyingmarketalwaysdevelopinreversedirection

B.itisimpossibleforthefirst-timebuyerstogetamortgageundercurrenteconomicsituation

C.buyinghouseisamoreprofitableinvestmentthanbuyingfundundercurrenteconomicsituation

D.Britain’srealestatemarketislessvolatilethanthatofotherEuropeancountries

问题5选项

A.enlargethewealthdisparitybetweenthehavesandhavenots

B.reducetherenter’scommitmenttothecommunity

C.slowtherecoveryofeconomy

D.curbsocialmobility

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】36.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.（拥有房子是证明成功的主要方式。），可知B选项“成功的象征”正确。A选项“遥远的目标”：根据第一段第一句ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.（对于英国的很多年轻人来说，拥有住房变得越来越难，这被视为一个遥远的目标，如果能实现，也是在晚年。），可知这是对于英国年轻人来说而不是普遍的英国人，故错误。C选项“必须的选择”：文章没有提到，故错误。D选项“除了投资，什么用处都没有”：Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund（人们仍认为住房是比养老基金更好、更安全的投资选择），这里没有说买房只有投资这一个用处，故错误。因此B选项正确。

37.事实细节题。根据第三段第一、二句Mrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy…Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.（撒切尔夫人颁布了购房权政策……大约售出了200万套房子，收入达数百亿英镑。），可知撒切尔夫人的政策促进许多人买房，所以C选项“很多人买房”正确，A选项“不能买房”错误。B选项“经济复苏”和D选项“经济衰退”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

38.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”（一些经济学家担心，随着越来越多的人被迫等待买房，可能会扩大房主和非房主之间已经存在的贫富差距，危及日益壮大的被他们称为“租房一代”的年轻人的退休前景），可知租房一代手里可能会更没有钱，退休也会受到影响，所以B选项“他们面临着经济水平下降和提前退休的风险”正确；他们被迫等待着买房，说明还是想要快一点买到房，故A选项“他们认为租房是一生的计划，而不是暂时的选择”错误。C选项“他们鄙视向父母借钱买房的想法”和D选项“他们像上一辈一样仍然相信房子带来的荣誉”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

39.推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.（大约200万套房子被售出，收入达数百亿英镑。与此同时，租赁市场变得越来越缺乏吸引力。）和第四段第二、三句thenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod（拥有住房的人数从70%下降到了67%。同时，私人租房的人数从10%上升到了16%。），可知买房和租房的此消彼长，所以A选项“租赁市场和购买市场总是朝着相反的方向发展”正确。B选项“在目前的经济形势下，首次购房者不可能获得抵押贷款”，C选项“在目前的经济形势下，买房是比买基金更有利可图的投资”和D选项“英国的房地产市场比其他欧洲国家的不稳定”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

40.推理判断题。根据第六段倒数第二句Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.（租房者往往较少参与当地社区，因为他们被迫搬家更频繁。），频繁搬家不会抑制社会流动性，所以D选项“抑制社会流动性”正确。A选项“扩大富人和穷人之间的财富差距”：根据第六段第一句asmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners（随着越来越多的人被迫等待买房，可能会扩大房主和非房主之间已经存在的贫富差距）可知更多人租房会这会拉大贫富差距，符合文章内容，故错误。B选项“削弱租赁者对社区的承诺”：根据第六段第二句Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods（这还可能对社区的凝聚力产生影响），可知更多人租房会降低社区凝聚力，符合文章内容，故错误。C选项“减缓经济复苏”：根据第六段最后一句Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.（而且，由于租房者倾向于节省开支以支付押金，所以整体经济可能会受到影响。），可知更多人租房会减缓经济发展，符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Fibersofhairandwoolarenotcontinuousandmustnormallybespunintothread______wovenintotextilefabrics.

问题1选项

A.asarethey

B.whentobe

C.thattheyare

D.iftheyaretobe

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：毛发和羊毛纤维是无法连续不断，如果要织成纺织织物，通常必须纺成线。横线到句尾部分为条件状语从句。betodo可用于条件状语从句，意为“如果想……”；根据fibers和weave的被动关系确定用被动语态，D选项iftheyaretobe符合题意。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed______.

问题1选项

A.hasproduced

B.havebeenproduced

C.wouldhaveproduced

D.hadbeenproduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：1897年至1919年间，至少29部出现人造生命的电影被制作出来。根据主语motionpictures和谓语动词produce的关系确定用被动语态，根据事件发生在过去以及wereportrayed确定用过去完成时，D选项hadbeenproduced符合题意。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

OnJan.17,1995,Kobewashitbya6.9-magnitudequake.TheGreatHanshinEarthquakekilled6,400people.Damagewasestimatedatmorethan$100billion,similartocurrentestimatesofthetolloflastweek’s9.0-magnitudetemblorintheTohokuregionofnorthernJapan.Yet,within18months,economicactivityinKobehadreached98percentofitspre-quakelevel.Astate-of-the-artoffshoreportfacilitywasbuilt,housingwasmodernized—andascruffyportcitybecameaninternationalshowpiece.

TheMarch11earthquakeandtsunamidevastatedasocietythat,forallitswealth,wasstuckinarut.Overthepasttwodecades,Japan’seconomicgrowthaveragedananemic1percentayear.Politically,thecountrywasrudderless.TheLiberalDemocraticParty,whichhadgovernedalmostcontinuouslysincetheendoftheU.S.militaryoccupationfollowingtheWorldWarII,hadfinallywornoutitswelcome.AndthenoviceDemocraticPartyofJapan,whichhadassumedpowerin2009,wasflailing.

Forfourdecadesafterthewar,Japanexperiencedcozypoliticsbackedbyarobusteconomy.Lightlypopulatedruraldistricthadadisproportionateeffectonnationalpolitics.Thegovernmentfinancedmultibillion-dollarbridgestonowhere,expensiveportfacilitiesforsmallfishingvillageandbullettrainstotraversebucolicruralareas—andseeminglylinedeveryriverbedinJapaninconcrete.

Butin1900,thebubbleburst.Theworking-ageshareofthepopulationbegantofall.In1998,thelaborforcestartedtoshrink,andadecadelater,thecountry’spopulationbegantodecline.Eventually,votersconcernedaboutthemountingcostsofwastefulprojectstossedouttheLDP.

BeforetheearthquakeandtsunamidevastatedtheTohokuregiononMarch11,thecountrywasalreadyfacingaslowingeconomy,fiscalstrainanddeflation,anddecadesofwastefulspendinghadsaddledthecountrywithadebtmorethantwicethesizeoftheeconomy.Now,beyondthetragedy’shumantoll,theeconomiccostsarestillbeingcounted—andcouldbevastlyexpandedifthenuclearreactordamageisclosertothatofChernobylthantoThreeMileIsland.Butifrebuildingishandledskillfully,thereishopethatadifferentkindofJapanwillemerge.

Despiteitsweakstartingpoint,thegovernmentholdsafewcards.Ninety-fivepercentofJapan’sdebtisownedbyitscitizens,noforeignhedgefunds;it’sunlikelythatthosecitizenswoulddumptheirbondholdingsifthegovernmenttakesonmoredebttorebuildthecityofSendai,forexample.Financially,thegovernmenthasmoremaneuveringroomthanmightseemapparent.

Somerebuildingcanbefinancedbyredirectingspendingfromuselesswhite-elephantprojectstothehigherpriorityofremakingTohoku.Thequalityofpublicinvestmentinthenationcouldimprove,perhapspermanently,asaresultofthiscrisis.

Whatisreallyatstake—andwhatwilldeterminewhethertheseotherchangeshaveanychanceofcomingtopass—isthestructureofJapanpolitics.IftheincumbentDPJsuccessfullymanagesthisemergency,theepisodecouldreassureJapanesevotersthatthisfledglingpartyrepresentsacrediblealternativetotheLDP.Japanwouldthenhaveatruetwo-partysysteminwhichpoliticalpowerandideasaregenuinelycontested.TheGreatTohokuEarthquakecouldbetheshockthatpushesJapannotonlytorebuildacity,buttoremakeitselfpoliticallyforthe21stcentury.

21.Theauthorwrotethefirstparagraphinanattemptto________.

22.Accordingtothetext,theauthorsuggeststhatDemocraticPartyofJapan________.

23.ExcepttheMarch11earthquakeandtsunami,thehindrancesthatJapan’seconomicgrowthconfrontsEXCLUDE________.

24.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

25.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpropertitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.exemplifyhowseveretheconsequencesoftheGreatHanshinEarthquakeare

B.indicatethattheMarch11disastercouldbringoutanewJapanlikeGreatHanshinEarthquakedid

C.makeananalogybetweentheGreatHanshinEarthquakeandtheGreatTohokuEarthquake

D.statethepost-quakereconstructionisdisproportionatetothedamagecausedbythequake

问题2选项

A.hasbeentherulingpartyforapproximately50-oddyears

B.isfailinginleadingtheJapanoutofthedifficulties

C.isanewlyemergentpartinJapan’spoliticalcommunity

D.hassuccessfullymanagedthisemergency

问题3选项

A.deflation

B.theaginglaborforce

C.massivedebts

D.fiscaldeficit

问题4选项

A.CriticismismixedwithoptimismforJapan’seconomicandpoliticallandscape.

B.Theburstingbubbleofeconomyresultsinthedecreasingworking-agepopulation.

C.Japan’spartysystemhasbeenaone-partyonesinceWorldWarIItillDPJ’soffice.

D.ThemeritsJapancanderivefromthequakeoverwhelmtherisksandconsequencesofit.

问题5选项

A.WilltheCrisisCreateaNewJapan?

B.TheHistoryofGreatEarthquakesinJapan.

C.HowJapaneseGovernmentWillCopeWiththe311Emergency.

D.VirtuesandVicesofMarch11EarthquakeandTsunami.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第三句Damagewasestimatedatmorethan$100billion,similartocurrentestimatesofthetolloflastweek’s9.0-magnitudetemblorintheTohokuregionofnorthernJapan.（地震造成的损失估计超过1,000亿美元，与上周日本北部东北地区9.0级地震造成的损失类似。），作者分别列出两个地震的损失情况，所以C选项“将阪神大地震与东北大地震进行类比”正确。A选项“举例说明阪神大地震的后果有多严重”和D选项“说明震后重建与地震造成的损失不成比例”：作者只是陈述了事实，没有这样的意思，故错误。B选项“表明3月11日的灾难可能带来一个像阪神大地震那样的新日本”：作者没有要预示的意图，故错误。因此C选项正确。

22.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句AndthenoviceDemocraticPartyofJapan,whichhadassumedpowerin2009,wasflailing.（2009年刚上台的日本民主党也陷入了困境。），可知民主党没有解决掉问题，所以B选项“没有成功领导日本走出困难”正确，D选项“成功地处理了这一紧急情况”和A选项“已经执政了大约50多年”错误。C选项“是日本政治共同体中一个新兴的部分”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Theworking-ageshareofthepopulationbegantofall.（劳动年龄人口的比例开始下降。），第五段第一句thecountrywasalreadyfacingaslowingeconomy,fiscalstrainanddeflation,anddecadesofwastefulspendinghadsaddledthecountrywithadebtmorethantwicethesizeoftheeconomy.（日本已经面临着经济放缓、财政紧张和通货紧缩的问题，数十年的浪费开支使日本背负了超过经济规模两倍的债务。），可知日本经济增长的障碍包括了A选项“通货紧缩”，B选项“劳动力老龄化”和C选项“巨额债务”，符合文章意思，故错误，D选项“财政赤字”没有提到，不符合文章意思，因此D选项正确。

24.观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句Whatisreallyatstake—andwhatwilldeterminewhethertheseotherchangeshaveanychanceofcomingtopass—isthestructureofJapanpolitics.（真正利害攸关的是日本的政治结构，这将决定这些其他变化是否有机会实现。）和最后一句TheGreatTohokuEarthquakecouldbetheshockthatpushesJapannotonlytorebuildacity,buttoremakeitselfpoliticallyforthe21stcentury.（日本东北大地震可能不仅会促使日本重建一座城市，还会促使日本在21世纪重塑自己的政治形象），可知作者对于日本的前景处于中立态度，所以A选项“对于日本的经济和政治前景，既有批评也有乐观”正确。B选项“经济泡沫的破裂导致了劳动年龄人口的减少”：根据第四段第一、二句Butin1900,thebubbleburst.Theworking-ageshareofthepopulationbegantofall.（但在1900年，泡沫破裂了。劳动人口的比例开始下降。），这里没有提到经济泡沫破裂和劳动人口减少的直接关系，故错误。C选项“日本的政党制度自二战以来一直是一党执政，直到民主党上台”：根据第二段倒数第二句TheLiberalDemocraticParty,whichhadgovernedalmostcontinuouslysincetheendoftheU.S.militaryoccupationfollowingtheWorldWarII（自二战后美国军事占领结束以来，自民党几乎一直持续执政），自民党几乎一直持续执政不代表一直执政，故错误。D选项“日本可以从地震中获得的优点压倒了它的风险和后果”：根据第五段最后一句Butifrebuildingishandledskillfully,thereishopethatadifferentkindofJapanwillemerge.（但如果重建工作处理得当，一个不同类型的日本将有望出现。），文章没有提到地震带来的好处比损失大，只有处理得当，益处才会呈现，故错误。因此A选项正确。

25.主旨大意题。文章第一段指出神户因为地震而现代化，后面提到日本的各种问题，再在文章最后展望日本在政治经济方面可能的情况，所以A选项“危机会创造一个新日本吗”正确。B选项“日本大地震的历史”，C选项“日本政府将如何应对311紧急事件”和D选项“3月11日地震和海啸的利弊”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas______inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.beingcreate

B.havingcreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.creating

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项havingbeencreated符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

______wasnotourconcern.

问题1选项

A.Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination

B.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot

C.Thoughhemightpasstheexamination

D.Whilehepassedtheexamination

【答案】B

【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他考试及格与否不关我们的事。横线部分为主语从句。B选项Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot中whether…ornot“无论，是否”，符合题意。A选项Nomatterhowhemightpasstheexamination去掉might选项符合语法，翻译成：无论他怎样通过考试。C选项Thoughhemightpasstheexamination中though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不符合语境。D选项Whilehepassedtheexamination中while“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，不符合语境。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Shesaysmorethanone______dismissedfromthiscompany.

问题1选项

A.havebeen

B.shouldbe

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：她说这家公司应该解雇的不止一个人。morethanone表示复数意义，但是使用单数形式，A选项havebeen错误。现在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，这里没有强调对现在造成影响，C选项hasbeen错误。过去完成时表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件，这里也不是过去完成时，D选项hadbeen错误。B选项shouldbe在这里表示猜测，是一般现在时，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways_____withotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.

问题1选项

A.combined

B.havingcombined

C.combine

D.beingcombined

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在自然界中找不到游离的铝，因为铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的是和氧结合在一起，。根据owingtoits确定用名词形式，根据语境确定动名词应该是被动形式，表示状态，D选项beingcombined符合题意。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodation,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginlineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.

25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

C.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

问题2选项

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

问题3选项

A.havebenefitedmanypeople

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

问题4选项

A.inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.inexaggeratedstatement

D.ascasuallyaspossible

问题5选项

A.UseHumorEffectively

B.VariousKindsofHumor

C.AddHumortoSpeech

D.DifferentHumorStrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.（如果你想在你的谈话中使用幽默使人们微笑，你必须知道如何识别共同的经历和问题。）和第三句Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.（根据你的谈话对象，问题会有所不同。），可知幽默最重要的是讨论的问题，并且针对不同的人要用不同的问题，故C选项“向不同的人提出不同的问题”正确。A选项“利用不同类型的观众”和D选项“对听众表示同情”：根据第一段第二、三句，幽默必须与听众相关，是因为有助于同情听众从而亲近听众，策略在于谈论的问题。B选项“取笑那些没有条理的人”：文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

22.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors（所有的听众都对医生有相同的看法）和最后一句“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”（“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时他认为自己是一名医生。”）可知，在护士眼中，医生把自己当成神一样，可以不讲道理，故B选项“非常清楚他们神一样的角色”正确。A选项“对新人无礼”，C选项“有权享有某些特权”和D选项“即使在午餐时间也很忙”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

23.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句it’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood（你就适合对餐厅难以下咽的食物开玩笑），可知对公共服务开玩笑往往幽默效果很不错，故D选项“经常拿来开玩笑”正确，C选项“不合适做幽默主题”错误。A选项“使许多人受益”和B选项“是公众关注的焦点”：文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

24.语义推测题。根据第四段Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural…inarelaxedandunforcedmanner…makingalight-heartedremark（如果你在幽默时感到尴尬，必须练习到更自然……用一种轻松和自然的方式……轻松愉快地说话），可知幽默需要传达出自然和随意，故D选项“尽可能随意”正确，B选项“尽可能尴尬”错误。A选项“良好措辞”：措辞方面没有提到，故错误。C选项“陈述夸张”：是方法，不是必要条件，故错误。因此D选项正确。

25.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile（如果你想在谈话间用幽默让人发笑），后文通过原则和各种方法在讲如何恰当地使人发笑，故A选项“有效运用幽默”正确。B选项“各式的幽默”，C选项“为演讲增添幽默”，D选项“不同的幽默策略”是其中的一个方面或者细节，不足以概括全文。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

_______sleepiscrucialtothehealthofadults,newresearchsuggeststhatlackofsleepmayaffectteens’health,too.

问题1选项

A.Justas

B.Aslongas

C.Despitethat

D.Nomatterhow

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项Justas“正像”；B选项Aslongas“只要”；C选项Despitethat“尽管”；D选项Nomatterhow“不管怎样”。句意：_______睡眠对成年人的健康至关重要，新的研究表明，睡眠不足也可能影响青少年的健康。根据too可知睡眠不足会同时影响青少年和成年人，所以Justas“正像”让句子通顺，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Blackpeoplearebynomeans______whitepeople.

问题1选项

A.inferiorover

B.moreinferiorthan

C.inferiorto

D.moreinferiorto

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词用法。A选项inferiorover错误，inferior不和over连用；B选项moreinferiorthan“更低劣的”，黑人和白人都不低劣，用比较级不符合语境；C选项inferiorto，beinferiortosb./sth.“较差的”，符合题意；D选项moreinferiorto用法错误。句意：黑人一点也不比白人低劣。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerning______orindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.

问题1选项

A.whetherthefederalgovernment

B.eitherthefederalgovernment

C.thatthefederalgovernment

D.thefederalgovernment

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意：美国政府早期的特点是一场关于是联邦政府还是州政府应该拥有更多权力的辩论。根据题目划分句子成分可知，concerning到句子结尾是修饰debate的后置定语，横线到句子结尾是修饰concerning的状语从句；either…or“或者……或者……”，whether…or…“是……还是……”，结合语境A选项whetherthefederalgovernment符合题意。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

问题1选项

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：随着第一次世界大战的来临，美国成为电影工业的主导力量。advent一般和介词of连用而不和under、in、at连用，B选项Withtheadventof“随着……的出现”符合语境。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

问题1选项

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项harmony“融洽；和谐；和声”；B选项turmoil“混乱，骚乱”；C选项distortion“曲解；变形，失真”；D选项accord“协议”。句意：这个行业进入_______，一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理论。根据语境，大家的观点不一致，turmoil“混乱，骚乱”比较能够形容这个情况，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Itisamazingthattworesearchesworkingindependentlymadethesamediscovery______.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.conscientiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项spontaneously“自发地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项collaboratively“协作地”；D选项conscientiously“良心上”。句意：令人惊讶的是，两个独立工作的研究人员______获得同样的发现。根据语境，这里指两个研究人员在研究时互不联系，没有任何外部的干涉，却有相同的发现，A选项spontaneously“自发地”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Workersinthiscountryaregettinghigherwageswhileturningoutpoorproductsthatdonot______thetestofinternationalcompetition.

问题1选项

A.keepupwith

B.standupto

C.complywith

D.attendto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项keepupwith“赶得上”；B选项standupto“经得起；抵抗”；C选项complywith“遵守”；D选项attendto“照料；致力于”。句意：该国工人们拿着更高的工资，但他们生产的产品却不能______国际竞争的考验。根据语境，B选项standupto“经得起；抵抗”搭配test“考验”比较合理，意指产品质量低劣，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

18.翻译题

41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。

42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。

43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。

44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。

45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

19.单选题

______hegaveupthespeech.

问题1选项

A.Atalossforaword

B.Whileatalossforaword

C.Whenatalossforaword

D.Ifatalossforaword

【答案】A

【解析】考查原因状语。句意：他想