词汇团1120学习汇总-文本周五中级阅读

周五中级阅读上下文和来判断词义。Thefoodirradiationprocessisasimpleone.ThenewU.S.plant,VindicatorofFloridaIncorporatedinMulberry,Fla.,usesamaterialcalledcobalt60toirradiatefood.Cobalt60isradioactiveisotope(form)ofthemetallicelementcobalt.Cobalt60,whichgivesoffradiationintheformofgammarays,isalsousedforradiationtherapyforcancerpatientsandforsterilizinghospitalequipment.Theradioactiveisotopeiscreatedbybombardingcobaltwithsubatomicparticlesinanuclearreactor.However,irradiationplantsdonotthemselvescontainnuclearreactors.Intheirradiationplant,foodisexposedtothinrodsofcobalt60.Therodsgiveoffgammarays,whichdisruptchemicalprocessesincontaminatinganisms.Thedisruptionbreaksdownthecellwallsofanismsordestroystheirgeneticmaterial.Thedose,setbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA),isenoughtokillanismsonfood,butnotenoughtoproducesignificantchangesinthefooditself.Althoughirradiationslightlydecreasesthenutritivevalueoffoods,thelossislessthanthatproducedbysomeothermethodsoffoodpreservation.Canning,forexample,resultsinamuchgreaterlossofnutrients.Thosewhoobjecttoirradiationsaythattheprocessmaycreatesubstancesnotfoundinnonirradiatedfood.Sincethe1960’sresearchershavestudiedirradiatedfoodatmicroscopiclevelstotrytofindsuchsubstances,calleduniqueradiolyticproducts.Afterreviewingthesestudies,theFDAdeterminedthatcompoundsformedduringirradiationaresimilartosubstancefoundinnonirradiatedfoodsandarenotdangeroustoconsume.Destructionofmicroanismsthatcauseillnessisanimportantgoalofirradiation.About250millioncasesoffoodpoisoningor1per everyyearintheU.S.,accordingtoFDAestimates.Foodpoisoningcancausevomiting,diarrhea,fever,headache—and,occasionally,death.Becauseoftheapparentsafetyoffoodirradiation,andtheproblemspresentedbycontaminatedfood,scientificgroups—includingtheAmericanMedicalAssociation,theWorldHealthanization,andtheUnitedNationsfoodandAgricultureAssociation—havevoicednearlyuniversalsupportfortheprocess.Worldwide,38nationshaveapprovedirradiationfor355products.Likemicrowaveovens,foodirradiationhasarousedapprehensionandmisunderstanding.Yetithasbeenscrutinizedmorethoroughlythanothermethodsoffoodtreatmentthatwehavecometoregardassafe,anditappearstobeamethodwhosetimehascome.Cobalt60,besidesirradiatingfood,isalsoemployed [A].detectmetallicflaws[B].runanuclearreactor[C].curecancerpatients[D].strengthenconcretewallsGammaraysusedtoirradiate [A].aregenerallynotstrongenoughtodestroycontaminating [B].donotbringaboutsignificantchangesinthefooditself[C].maydestroysomeofthenutrientsinthefood[D].shouldbesubmittedtoFDAforapprovalIrradiated [A].certainlylosesitsnutritive[B].maintainsitsnutritivevaluenodifferentfromthenonirradiated[C].keepsitsnutritivevaluebetterthancannedfood mendedasthebestofall Withcasesoffoodpoisoningincreasing, [A].foodirradiationshouldbecarriedoutwithcare[B].itismoreurgenttoirradiatefoods[C].medicalresearchesintotreatmentofthediseasedshouldbestrengthe[D].AmericansarebeginningtoacceptfoodThepassagemaybetaken [A].anews[B].atextbookoffoodprocessing[C].abookofpopularscience[D].amanualoffoodirradiation【必背词汇irradiate在文中的意思是“照射”，irradiate作形容词时表示“发光的”。例如：Butsomeauthorssuggesttoprophylacticallyirradiatethewholeneck.但有些研究者主全颈预防照射。又例如：Irradiateisn'tgone,it'sjust"Notinrightnow."辐射不是被砍掉了,而只是“现在不在中”radiation在文中的意思是“辐射”，词根radi表示"辐射,光线"radiant发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的radioactive放射性的,有放射能的n.radar,电波探测器radial光线,radiation发散,发光,发热,辐射,放射,放射线,radioradiate发光；放射，辐射；散布，例如：Theradiationcandamagemicroprocessorsandcomputermemories,causingthemtomalfunction.辐射会损坏微处理器和电脑内存，使之失灵。再比如：Thematerialcanabsorboutward-goingradiationfromtheEarth.该物质可以bombarding在文中的意思是“以高能量粒子或放射能冲击”，例如：Thereproductionandgrowthofthecancerouscellscanbesuppressedbybombardingthemwithradiation.可以通过放疗杀死癌细胞来抑制其再生和扩散。再比如：Muchofthesunlightbombardingtheplanetisabsorbedbytheoceans.海洋吸收了射到compound的意思为“复合物”，compound,mixture这两个名词均有"复合物"之意。例如：firedonthemastheyfledintotheembassycompound.当他们逃进使馆大院时，向他们开了枪。又如：ThelessstablecompoundswereconvertedintoacompoundcalledDelta-ATHC.不太稳定的化合物被转换成了一种叫做Delta-ATHC的化合物。contaminate在这里，表示“污染”pollute“污染”。例如：Onesecretmilitaryunittriedtocontaminatethedrinkingwateroftherefugees.一个军事分队企图污染难民的饮用水。又比如：Thesourcesofanismsthatmaycontaminatethewoundarenumerous.可以沾染伤口的细菌来源是很多的。【答案和解析选[C]Cobalt60（60）除了可以用来放射食物外还可以用来干什么？本题herapy）和给医院的医疗器械。A.探测金属物质的细小缺陷；原文中并没有说钴60可以做这个；B.核反应堆，钴60放射是在核反应堆中产生的而不是反应堆马射线放射食物的原理：主要是食物污染的化学过程。FDA研究表明，辐射那点计量A.在中断污染食物方面的能力还不够强。这与原文不符，原文说这个计量刚刚好的，足可以阻断食物污染；C.可能会毁掉语气，实际上食物放射一定会引起营养流失的，而不是可能流失；D.食物方式应当提交到FDA并得到允许的。实际上FDA已经允许了，并且实验研究数据就是FDA出来的呀！营养就是非常少，A选说的只是营养会流失，流失很多也叫流失呀，所以A选说的有些确了；B选说营养与没有经过放射的食物相比营养没有变化，与原文不符；D选射就是让吃的安全的，食物的原因并不是食物放射造成的，A错误