高中英语Unit1 教学知识细解码学案含解析牛津译林版必修第三册

11Unit1Natureinthe根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．harm．&vt伤，损害→harmfuladj有害的→harmlessadj无害的2．longadj长的，长时间的→n长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅(电影片长3.生存活vt.幸于难→survivaln存事物→survivorn．幸存者；生还者4．disappearvi.不存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→n．消失失踪5．agriculturen．农业，农学→agriculturaladj农业的．varietyn．不种类；变化，多样性；变种，体①Iwasimpressedbythevarietyofdisheson不种类②Wewantmorevarietyinourwork.变，多样性③Applescomeinagreatmanyvarieties.变，变体．livingadj活着的，活；在使用的n．生计，谋生；生活方式①Fathernevertalkedaboutwhathedidforliving.生计②Chineseisoneofthemostbeautifullanguagesthatislivingintheworld.在使用的③HeisthefinestlivingpianistthatIhaveeverseen.活着的andPhrases知识要点1harmnvt.伤，损害(教材P)Thehumanracehasdoneharm.人类已经造成了许多危害。[例1]Whatshouldbedonetopunishpeoplewhodoharmtotheanimals?应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？[例2]Toomuchdirectsunlightwillharmplants.过多的阳光直射会损害植物。[造句]他对热带雨林造成了严重危害。Theydidseriousharmtotropicalrainforest.[知识拓展(1)dosb./sth.harm＝doharmtosb./sth.

33对……有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.某事并无害处(2)harmful.beharmfulto...(3)harmless.

有害的对……有害无害的[即学即练单句语法填空①Walkingintheairfullofsmogisharmful(harm)tous.②Drinkingtoomuchdoesharmhealth.③Thereisnoharmsaying(say)sorrytohimfirst.④Weallknowthatsmokingdoes(do)harmtoourhealth.知识要点2varietyn．不种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(教材P)Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。[例1]Weallneedvarietyourdiet.我们都需要饮食多样化。[例2]I'malwayspleasedtooutnewvariety.我一直乐于尝试新品种。[造句]我有各种款式和尺码的货品。Westockawidevarietyofstylesandsizes.[归纳拓展(1)avarietyof＝varietiesof＝various各种各样的；不同种类的(2)varyvvaryfrom...to...varywith...

变化多；变化；使多样化从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动随……而变动[即学即练单句语法填空①Forvarious(variety)reasons，wecouldn'tattendherwedding.②Studentsareofferedvarieties(variety)ofcoursesinthisdepartment.③ThatsortofthingvariesfromtopersonAfricancountries.④Themenuintherestaurantvarieswiththeseason.[小片段助记]Iamgladthatourstudentshavevarietiesofquestionstoaskin，andI

wouldlovetoanswertheminvariousways.In，thequestionsfrompersonperson.知识要点3survivevi.生存，存活.存，幸免于难(教材P)Whileasignificantofjaguars，theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest'sfoodchain.尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。[例1]Isitenoughsurvivedfortime?能保存很长一段时间就足够了吗？[例2]Ican'ton￡20aweek.我每周靠20英镑难以生存。[造句]很鸟死于这次严冬。Manybirdsdidn'tsurvivetheseverewinter.[归纳拓展(1)survivesth.surviveonsurvivesb.by...(2)survival.(3)survivor.

幸免于；从……中挺过来活过来依靠……生活比某人多活……生存；幸存生还者，幸存者[名师点津]survive作幸存；幸免于难”解时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用介词或from。[即学即练单句语法填空①Theoldwomansurvivedherdaughterbyyears.②IfyoudevelopAIDS，yourchancesofsurvival(survive)areverysmall.③Heisluckytohavesurvived(survive)theterribleaccident.知识要点4breakdown使分为，使变化成(教材P)Whenajaguar，atinyarmymicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。[例1]Peacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.两国之间的和平谈判破裂，没有达成协议。[例2]Thecomputersystembrokedownsuddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformation.在他搜寻资料时，电脑系统突然坏了。

33[造句]塑袋很难分解。Plasticbagsaredifficulttobreakdown.[归纳拓展breakupbreakinbreakintobreakoutbreakthroughbreakawayfrom

破裂，绝交；解散；破碎闯进；打断闯入；侵占(战争、火灾、疫病等)暴突破；冲破；有重要发现逃脱；脱离[即学即练单句语法填空①It'sveryimpoliteofyoutobreakinwhilewe'retalking.②Hishousewasbroken(break)intolastnight.③Whenthewarbrokeout，hewasonlyfour.④Mygirlfriendhasupme.[小片段助记]Unfortunately，thepeacetalksbrokedownintheend.Asa，awarbrokebetweentwocountries.Thenativepeoplehadtobreakawayfromtheirhomesandsufferedlotfromthe知识要点5dueto由于，因为(教材P)Overpastyears17percentoftherainforestdisappearedtohumanactivitiessuchasagricultureandcattlefarming.在过去的50年里，由于农耕和牛等人类活动，大约17%雨林消失了。[例1]InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationboomingduetohighbirthrates.在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长。[例2]Duetowidespreaduseofpenicillin，manylivesweresavedduringthewar.正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间很多生命得以挽救。[造句]比因下雨而延期。Thegamewasputoffduetotherain.[归纳拓展(1)due

.

应付的；应得的；适当的；预期的；到期的beduetodosth.beduetosb.bedueforsth.

预期/预定要做某事应支付应予应于某人应得到某物

(2)表示“由于”的词组还有：owingtobecauseofasaresultofthankstoonaccountof

由于因为；由于由于多亏；由于由于，因为[即学即练单句语法填空①Theteamareduetofly(fly)toItalynextmonth.②Themeetingisn'tduetostart(start)untilthree.③Havetheybeenpaidmoneythatisduetothem?④Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffduetothebadweather.知识要点6damagevtn．害，伤害，损坏，破坏(教材P)．..canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”……我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？[例1]Thedamageismoreseriousonthefirstplant.对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。[例2]Asweallknow，eatingtoomuchdamageourhealth.众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。[造句]暴对庄稼造成了很大的损害。Theheavyrainhasdone/causedgreatdamagetothecrops.[归纳拓展do/causedamageto...damageone'shealth

对……造成损害损害某人的健康[即学即练单句语法填空①Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetothecity.②Itwilltakeseveralmonthstorepairtheshipdamaged(damage)inthestorm.③Asweknow，smokingseriouslydamages(damage)ourhealth.④Theyhaverepairedthebuildingsdamaged(damage)inthefire.知识要点7buildup逐增加，扩大(教材P)Foranother，duetotheAmazon'shotclimate，itisdifficultforthesoiltobuildupenoughnutrients.另一方面，由于亚马孙的炎热气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。[例1]Thesecrettooilpaintingisuplayeronlayeronacanvas.画油画的秘诀就是在画布上涂上一层又一(颜料)。

22[例2]Trafficisbuildinguponroadsintothecity.来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。[造句]当各方面的压力逐渐增加，那家工厂每况愈下。Allthepressurebuiltatandthefactorywentfromto[归纳拓展buildsth.upbuildupone'sstrengthbuildsb.upbuildupone'svocabularybuildon

创建；开发恢复体力增强体质增加词汇量把……建立于；依赖[即学即练单句语法填空①Youcanbuildonhishonesty.②Itmaytakeafewweeksforyoutobuildupyourstrengthagain.③Shehasbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.④Greenhousegasescontinuetobuilduptheatmosphere，causingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.Patterns重点句式1

倍数＋thesizeof...(教材P)Withareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres，theAmazonrainforestmorethanhalfthesizeofChina．亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方公里，相当于中国面积的一以上。[句式分析本句中用了“倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height/weight...)＋of＋比较的对象”这一结构。[例1]Beijingistentimesthesizeofmyhometown.北京是我家乡的十倍大。[例2]Thisriveristhreetimesthelengththatone.这河是那条河的三倍长。[造句]那飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。Theplaneflewtentimesheightofthekite.[知识拓展常见的倍数表示法：(1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级＋as...(2)倍数＋比较级＋than...

33(3)倍数＋从[翻译]①Thistableisthreetimes三长than②Thepriceofthehousethisistwicewhatitwaslastyear(是去年的两倍.[即学即练单句语法填空①Thisbridgeistimesthewidth(wide)ofthatone.②Theredruleristimeslonger(long)thantheyellowone.③Thecityistentimesasbig(big)asmyhometown.④AnewiPhonecostsaboutthreetimesthepriceofsecondhandone.重点句式2“语＋系动词＋主语”装句式(教材Pthatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.在那之上是在黑暗的雨林地面上的大量落叶。[句式分析本句为完全倒装句表的介词短语abovethat位句子开头句行了全部倒装。正常语序为Theoflitteronthedarkfloorisabovethat。[例1]Inmiddleofthehallwasstandingatallyoungman.在大厅中央站着一个高个子的年轻人。[例2]guestsisthepersonyouarelooking你找的那个人就在客人当中。[造句]窗旁边是一位悲伤的母亲。Nearthewindowisasadmother.[知识拓展需要完全倒装的情况：(1)当作表语的“介词短语/形词分词”置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，构成“表语(介词短语形词分)＋连系词＋主语”结构。(2)表示地点、时间、方向等的词短语放在句首时。常见的介词有among，between，in，at，beneath等(3)表示方向、地点和时间的副，out，off，there，now等于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。[翻译]①Herecomesthebus(汽车来)②Infrontofourschoolstands(我们学校前面矗立)atower.[即学即练单句语法填空

①Sittinginthehallwere(be)thetwoastronautswhowereveryyoung.②Herecomes(come)agoodchanceyoucanusesummervacationtogoonstudytours.③Onthewallare(be)hangingtwooldpaintings.④PresentattheeveningpartyonThursdaywas(be)ourEnglishteacher.1教材P)The，fromwhichtherainforestgets，iscloseto6，400kilometresinlength—roughly100kilometreslongerthantheRiver.[分析]此为主从复合句，其中fromwhichtherainforestgetsits为“词＋which”导的定语从句，修饰先行词TheRiver。[译文]亚孙河接近6400公长，比长江大约还长100公里，亚马孙雨林便是由其得名。2教材P)Eachleveloftheforestformslittleworld，homedifferentkindsoflivingthings.[分析]此为简单句。hometodifferentkindsoflivingthings是词world的同位语。[译文]雨的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。3教材Pimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinction，weareleftwitha：weaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet？[分]

此句为主从复合句。其中As引时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着……”。canaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”是名词question的同位语。[译文]人活动的影响不断增大，濒危物种名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？教材

高考(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheir1.Thehumanracehasdoneharm.leavestoshowwhenthey'reshortwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.2.Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupport(2020·全卷aredifferentanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.kindsoffruittreesaswellas

ofanimals.(2020·天津卷Jones'ideahasbeenfully3.Whenajaguardies，aarmymicrorealized—the“HAPPYTOCHAT”benchesorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandhelpbreaktheinvisiblesocialreturnthenutrientstothebarrierthatkeepspeoplefromsayinghello.4.Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionlongerweareleftwithaquestion：canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”

(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thepollutedairaroundisharmful(harm)toourhealth.2．Hewasorderedtopay(damage)totaling3．Shesurvivedherhusbandbytenyears.4．Sheistheonlysurvivor(survive)intheaccident.5policeofficercametoourourcarbrokedownontheway.6．Theband'sfirstalbumisduetocome(come)outthismonth.7．Buildyourselfuptopeakperformanceontheoftheexam.8．Theproductionisnowthreetimeswhatitwasfiveyearsago.9．Infrontofourhouselies(lie)ariverwheretoswim.10．Theislandsuchawidevariety(vary)ofsceneryandwildlife.Ⅱ.短语填空in；break；breathelifeinto；due；build；feedon；indangerof；playarole；morethan；beknownas1．Increasedproduction，inturn，leadtoincreasedprofits.2．Thegraduatesbreathedlifeintoourbusiness.3．Asisknowntoallpandaisindangerofbecomingextinct.4likehermorethanher5countryneedsnewleadershipifistoplayroleinfuturedevelopment.6．Birdsfeedonnuts