高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件

1、Lesson ThreeShips in the DesertLesson ThreeShips in the DeseCompare the following:Desert : n. dezt wildness; waste land; waterless and treeless, often sand covered;Desert : v. di z:t abandon; give up; go away fromDeserts: n. di z:ts (usu.pl.) what sb. deservesDessert: n. di z:t course of fruit, etc.

2、 at the end of a meal; (U.S.A) any sweet dish (e.g. pie, pudding, ice-cream) served at the end of a meal; (Gr. Brit.) the sweetCompare the following:Desert :For examplesThe Sahara DesertThe streets were deserted. He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.They are rewarded (punished) accordin

3、g to their deserts.Some people failed to get their deserts.He is a man of deserts.Dessert fork knife spoon wineFor examplesThe Sahara Desert1. Introduction about the author Al Gore was born in 1948 in Washington D.C., U.S. He has been a Senator (1984-1992) representing the State of Tennessee, and U.

4、S. Vice-President (1992-2000) under President Bill Clinton. He ran for the Presidency against George W. Bush jr. but the latter won the closely tied election and has become the 43rd American President. The text is taken from Al Gores book Earth in the Balance1. Introduction about the authAl Gores pr

5、ofound analysis of where humanity has gone wrong ranges across history, politics, science, economics, psychology, philosophy, and religion. Al Gores profound analysis ofGore demonstrates that the quality of our air and water is urgently at risk. He clearly illustrates how problems that once were reg

6、ional have now become global. Gore argues for a worldwide mobilization to save us from disaster. Gore demonstrates that the qua高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件Why did the writer go to the Aral Sea? What did he see there?Why did the writer go to the A高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件Some Proper NamesThe Aral

7、Sea:咸海 (see Note 2)Great Lakes: 五大湖 (see Note 3) Trans-Antarctic Mountains : 南极山脉 (see Note 4) Four Oceans: the Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic OceanSeven Continents: Asia; North America; Africa; Europe; Australia; Antarctica; South AmericaAntarctic Peninsula: 南极半岛 ，又名 Graham Land 旧名为 Palmer Peninsul

8、aSome Proper NamesThe Aral Sea:Some Proper NamesArctic Circle:北极圈Mid-night sun: 午夜太阳 (see Note 8)Ozone depletion: 臭氧层空洞 (see Note 16)Ozone is an unstable, pale-blue gas, O3 with a penetrating odor.Depletion means the gradual using up or destruction of capital asserts esp. of natural resources .The p

9、olar region: 南北极地区 at the very bottom of the earth; at the other end of our planet; Antarctic as one end and Arctic as the other end. Some Proper NamesArctic CircleSome Proper NamesClear Air Act: 净化空气法案 (see Note 5) one of the oldest environmental laws of the US as well as the most far-reaching, the

10、 costliest (the most valuable), and the most controversial,. It was passed in 1970.The glacier: 冰河、冰川 n. a slowly moving river or mass of ice and snow that forms in areas where the rate of snowfall constantly exceeds the rate at which the snow melts.The polar ice cap：极地冰帽Submarine sonar tracks: 水下声纳

11、系统探测Noctilucent cloud: 夜光云彩Translucent: adj. Partially transparent , as frosted glassSome Proper NamesClear Air ActSome Proper NamesLatitude: 纬度In high northern latitudes 在北纬高纬度地区（距离赤道很远的地区） High latitudes; low latitudes：低纬度地区（距离赤道很近的地区） Warm cold latitudes; south north latitudeEquator: 赤道Equatorial

12、: of or near the equatorLongitude：经度Altitude: height , esp. above sea-level.Cf. attitude: the position or manner of standing of the body; a manner of feeling and behavingSome Proper NamesLatitude: 纬度Chlorofluorocarbons: CFC 氟里昂Chlorine 氯Chlorocarbon 氯碳化合物Fluorine: 氟Chlorofluorocarbon : any of a seri

13、es of gaseous or low-boiling, inert, nonflammable derivatives of methane or ethane, used as refrigerants and solvents and as propellants in aerosol productsChlorofluorocarbons: CFC 氟里昂Ch(of light) that is beyond the purple end of the range of colors (spectrum) that make up light that can be seen by

14、human beingsultraviolet rays: 紫外线 ultra-: beyond e.g. ultrared （红外线的）, ultrashort （超短波的）, ultrasonic （超音波的）, ultramodern（极其现代化的） ultraviolet: (of light) that is beyond the Axiom: n. a statement, esp. one that is short, that is generally accepted as true and doesnt need to be proved.It is an axiom th

15、at if equals are added to equals the result will be equal.等量加等量和相等，这是一条公理。Cf. maxim: n. a rule for good and sensible behavior, esp. when expressed in a short well-known saying 格言，箴言 , 例如：Time and tide waits for no man.Axiom: n. a statement, esp. onNOAA=national oceanic and aeronautic administration

16、国家海洋和大气局NOAA=national oceanic and aero高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件China has set up two scientific research stations at Trans-Antarctic Mountains : Zhongshan Station in the East and Great Wall in the West.China has set up two scientifithe sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the skythe sun shini

17、ng at midnight through the ozone depletiona hole: ozone depletion 臭氧层空洞the sun glaring at midnight th高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件To chart the course of CO2 emission and temperature in the AntarcticTo chart the course of CO2 emiAmazon rain forestThe Brazilian Amazon contains about a third of the Eart

18、hs remaining tropical forest and a very high portion of its biological diversity. One hectare 公顷(2.47 acres) of Amazonian moist forest contains more plant species than all of Europe. Yet still it is being destroyed just like other rainforests around the world.Amazon rain forestThe Brazili高级英语第三课Ship

19、s-in-the-Desert课件 高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件What does the writer call “ghosts in the sky”?“noctilucent clouds” This “luminous cloud” occasionally appears when the earth is first hidden in the evening darkness; shining unsteadily above us with a partially transparent whi

20、teness, these clouds dont seem natural.What does the writer call “gho高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件高级英语第三课Ships-in-the-Desert课件termitetermiteBiomass：the total mass of living matter within a given unit of environmental areaBiomass：the total mass of liviSummary of para 1-7Par

21、aplaceproblemcauseseriousnesseffect1Aral sea desertification Ill-considered irrigation plan Size, speed Sea becoming desert 2South Pole Air pollution, ozone depletion Burning skin 3South PoleRising level of CO2s, temperature rising Industrial Revolution Steep lines on the chat, picking up speedGloba

22、l warming 4North Pole thinning of polar capGlobal warming Disastrous consequences, tsunami, changing weather system,5North Polethinning of polar capGlobal warming Scientists report, rate: 2% in 10 years Rising temperature6Brazildeforestation Raising cowsAreas burnt each yearExtinction of rare birds

23、7Near North Pole Shining clouds Increase of methane gasesAppearing more often Loss of ecological balanceSummary of para 1-7ParaplaceprClassification of environmental threats into three categoriesLocal regional Strategic/globalwater pollution acid rain chlorine increaseair pollutioncontamination of a

24、quifers global warmingwaste dumping oil spillClassification of environmentaaquifer: an underground layer of porous (多孔的)rock, sand, etc, containing water, into which wells can be sunk.Seepage:渗漏； pore:气孔 water table: 地下水位；saturate: 渗漏aquifer: an underground layer Summary1.Theme: By presenting exampl

25、es of the deterioration in the global ecological system, the author succeeds in creating a sense of urgency on the part of readers that something must be done to save our environment. He also makes it clear that the most important thing for man to do is to discard his obsolete ideas and to adopt new

26、 ways of thinking about the relationship between man and nature.Summary1.Theme: By presenting Summary2. three developing lines (the author does the following three things):1). Presenting facts (paras 1-15);2). Examining causes (paras 16-20);3). Finding a solution (paras 21-end).So the passage can ro

27、ughly be divided into three parts according to the above framework Summary2. three developing linSummary3. methods of development:Illustrationthinning of ice cap, global warming, strange clouds Classificationlocal, regional, strategic Definitionmethane gas, pressure ridge, noctilucent cloud Cause an

28、d effect population surge, advancement of science and technology Comparison and contrast past and present of the Aral Sea Analogy military systemSummary3. methods of developmeunderstatement: (a statement that expresses an idea too weakly), because with sand all around, there was no hope, no chance o

29、f catching any fish, let alone catching a lot of fish. Comparing understatement and euphemism: They are similar in functions. While euphemism is often a set phrase used for glorifying an unpleasant or tabooed subject, understatement covers a much wider range without set forms. understatement: (a sta

30、tement tEuphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant. Its function is to give better sounding name to elevate sth unpleasant or imperfect, to soften the shock of reality or to cover up dreadful facts. Understatement is used

31、 to express an idea too weakly to replace strong word with weak terms such as: using a bit, rather or pretty instead of very. It can sometimes create humorous or ironic effect.Euphemism is the substitution Examples:General statement: We can solve this problem.Understatement: This problem is not abov

32、e us.这个问题难不住我们。Some of the items are good, others might be better. (are not good enough) 有些不那么精彩。He is a man not without ambition. (having some ambition)他不是一个没有抱负的人。Examples:Writing features:1. a formal writing of exposition2. using transitional expressions to link sentences and paras3. using techni

33、cal terms4. using figures 5. using military examples6. using synonyms7. using rhetorical devicesWriting features:1. a formal 4. Language appreciation The author developed this exposition by the cause and effect method. He chose typical examples to support his ideas. To make his writing clear, vivid

34、and forceful, he used figures of speech such as understatement, alliteration, metaphor, rhetorical question and metonymy. 4. Language appreciation The Language appreciation His formal style, serious tone as well as military metaphors indicated that environmental protection is a kind of war. Although

35、 this writing is about a scientific research on the environment, the writer uses very few technical terms so that ordinary people can understand it easily.Language appreciation His for5. Summary of the words and phrases:Words of general usea good catch divertcomparable to dock at restunderlying caus

36、e, dominant cause sample remotest and least accessible placeinexorable changein such quantities, in such volume5. Summary of the words and ph threat, threaten, buildup, increase, acceleration ofaccelerate exponentiallyat staketransform, reshape, pervasive, spreading , prevailing, prevalentdiscardassumptionyardstick threat, threaten, Words of Area The AralAntarcticafrigid Arctic Ocean North and South PolesThe equatorAmazon rain forestlocal, regional, global (context)Words of Area The AralWords of Environmental crisisimages of destruction, distressing imagespollution, contaminationmonitor