高考英语一轮复习讲义：D篇阅读精析Day8-9

1、2023届高考英语一轮讲义：D篇阅读精析Day8-9Day8第一段：Phil Hyde was walking in Norfolk in 1979, feelingratherdisconsolateaftermissinga rare rosecoloured starling, when a little egret suddenlyappeared, to excited shouts from other birders. The white, heronlike bird was then highly unusual: the British Birds Rarities Com

2、mittee tallied just 14 in the whole year. But that soon changed. In 1991 the committee stopped recording little egrets because they had become toocommon. These days, in parts of England, you can see 14 little egrets without moving your feet. Britonscare a good deal aboutwild birds. The Royal Society

3、 for the Protection of Birds has 1.1m members, more than all political parties put together; almost 700,000 people take part in its annual garden birdwatch. In some ways it is agloomyenthusiasm. The populations of many bird species, especially those found on farmland, have crashed over the past few

4、decades. But there are a few startlingexceptionswhich reveal as much about Britain as the countrys avian failures do.参考译文：1979年，菲尔海德在诺福克郡散步时，错过了一只罕见的玫瑰色椋鸟，对此他感到相当沮丧。这时一只小白鹭突然出现，引起了其他鸟友的兴奋叫声。这种白色的、类似于鹭鸶的鸟在当时是极其罕见的：英国鸟类稀有性委员会全年只记录了14只。但这种情况很快就改变了。1991年，委员会停止了对小白鹭的记录，因为它们已经变得非常普遍。如今，在英格兰的部分地区，你不需要动就能看到

5、14只小白鹭。英国人对野生鸟类非常关心。皇家鸟类保护协会有110万会员，比所有政党加起来都多；几乎有70万人参加其年度花园观鸟活动。在某些方面，这是一种阴郁的热情。在过去的几十年里，许多鸟类的数量已经达到上限，特别是那些在农田里发现的鸟类。但也有一些令人震惊的例外，这些例外与英国的鸟类管理失败一样揭示了英国的情况。知识点解读：1.Rather:做形容词时表示“相当的”，例如，“Her new glasses make her look rather owlish. 她着新眼镜看上去很文气。”常可以跟“quite”替换，例如，“The sky is quite blue and cloudles

6、s.蔚蓝天空晴朗无云。”“quite”常见的搭配有如下：quite a number/lot of：相当多，例如，“There is quite a number of things happened in this way in your life, it depends on your attitude to make one thing worth to do or not.人生中确实有许多时候是这样：一件事是否值得去做取决于你如何看待它。”quite another：另一回事；完全不同的，例如，“To say is one thing; to do is quite another.说

7、是一回事，做完全是另一回事。”quite an event：大事，重大的事情，例如，“Meeting you was quite an event in her life.认识你是她一生中的一件大事。”“rather”常考的搭配有如下：or rather：更准确地说，或者说，例如，“The subway was delayed for quite a while, or rather for a whole quarter of an hour. 地铁阻塞了好一阵子，确切地说，有整整一刻钟霎时间。”rather too ：稍嫌一点，例如，“The train was rather too cr

8、owded for a comfortable journey.火车太拥挤，旅程不舒服。”2.disconsolate：形容人时表示“郁郁寡欢的”，例如，“It was a weary, disconsolate Tom who returned home to spend a week serving the regular customers for Massa Murray.汤姆回家一个星期为默里老爷的老顾客干活时显得疲惫不堪、郁郁不欢。”形容事情时表示“惨淡的，暗淡的”，常见的表达有“the disconsolate future 前途渺茫”（相反的表达为“a promising fu

9、ture 前途光明”）3.miss：作动词时可以表示“错过”，此时有一个很地道的表达为“miss the boat错失良机”，相当于“miss an opportunity”例如，“Here comes the chance, you should take advantage of it. Dont miss the boat. 机会来了，你应该好好利用.不要错失良机。”此外还要区分“missed”和“missing”，作形容词时前者表示“错过的”，后者表示“丢失的、失踪的”。mon：多用于物，侧重很常见，不稀奇，形容人时是中性词，例如，“common sense常识”、“common pr

10、osperity 同繁荣”和“common people 大众，平民（正常人）”。我们要注意区分“common”和“ordinary”，指物时，“ordinary”表示“每天发生，十分平淡奇”，形容人时是贬义词，指“无特别之处，很一般”，类似于中文说的“平庸之辈”，带有感情色彩。5.care a good deal about：十分关心、十分在乎。6.gloomy：形容人时表示“心情忧郁”活着“为人悲观的”，例如，“In such an apprehensive and gloomy mood, Lu Xun is heavily affected in the mode of behavio

11、r, emotion and thinking. 在强烈的焦虑、抑郁中，鲁迅的行为方式、情感方式乃至思维方式均受很大影响，甚至一度出现心理障碍。”形容事情时，表示“令人沮丧的、前途黯淡的”，例如，“With the gloomy prospect of returning to work, many people could suffer post-holiday syndrome, experts said.一想到又要回到单调的上班生活，这种惨淡前景让许多人都患上假后综合症。”Exception：例外，“破例”的表达为“make an exception”。第二段：Immigrantsare

12、 the biggest winners, in proportionate terms. Little egrets arrivedof their own accordfrom France and have spread through Britain. Red kites were carefullyreintroducedto southern England from 1990. Like little egrets, since the mid1990s their numbers have risen by 20 times or more. Ringnecked parake

13、ets probablyescaped fromcages and started breeding. Their population has risen similarly. Some other species that have become more common in Britain, such as blackcaps and chiffchaffs, have stoppedmigratingsouth in winter, says David Noble of the British Trust for Ornithology, a charity.参考译文：按比例来说，外

14、来鸟类是最大的赢家。小白鹭自发从法国迁入英国，并在英国境内泛滥。从1990年开始，红鸢被谨慎地重新引入英格兰南部。和小白鹭一样，自1990年代中期以来，它们的数量增加了20倍甚至更多。环颈鹦鹉可能从笼子里逃出来并开始繁殖。它们的数量也有类似的上升。英国鸟类学基金会（British Trust for Ornithology）的大卫-诺布尔（David Noble）说，其他一些在英国变得更加普遍的鸟类，如黑帽和红嘴鸥，冬季已不再向南迁移。知识点解读：1.Immigrant：外来移民（移入），例如，“He was an immigrant boy who went from rags to ric

15、hes and became chairman of his own company, owning dozens of shops throughout the country.他曾是一个移民孩子，由贫至富，成为公司的董事长，并在全国各地拥有几十家商店。”学弟学妹们要区分“immigrant”和“emigrant”、“migrant”:emigrant:同样指“移民”，但是是指“移居外国（地）的人（移出）”，例如，“The emigrant found his livelihood almost immediately on arrival.这些移民一到就能找到生计。”Migrant：“移民

16、”的统称，常指为工作移居的人和迁徙动物，例如，“The job situation in China is grim, so effective measures must be taken to help new graduates, migrant workers or other groups, hesaid.中国的就业形势比较严峻，所以必须采取有效的措施来帮助毕业生，外来务工人员或其他团体。”2.of ones own accord:自愿地，例如，“Police are hoping that the person of interest surrenders of his own a

17、ccord. 警方希望涉案人员主动自首。”3.Introduce：作动词有“引入、引进”的意思，学弟学妹要区分“introduce”和“import”这两个词，它们虽然都可以作为“引进、进口”使用，但是“introduce”一般是引进“外来物种（生物）”、“制度”和“技术”，例如，“Chios is said to have introduced slavery into Greece.据说是希俄斯把奴隶制引入希腊的。”但是“import”一般是进口“商品”、“货物”，例如，“Homemade goods are edging out imported foreign goods.国产货正逐步

18、取代进货物。”其对应的反义词为“export”，意为出口。escaped from：逃离，躲开，例如，“A convict escaped from prison and shook off the policemen trying to follow him.一个囚犯越狱并摆脱了警察的追踪。”有个地道的表达为“a narrow escape”，意为“死里逃生”，例如，“She had a narrow escape from the serious disease.她侥幸从那次疾病中活了下来。”第三段：Mr Hyde says that birders havewelcomedlittle

19、egretsasnew additions to Britains avifauna. “It helps that they are beautiful,” adds Mr Noble. But then, so are other species. Red kites, now a whistling, forktailed fixture of southern skies, are a rich reddishbrown. Ringnecked parakeets are shockingly green, with red beaks.参考译文：海德先生说，观鸟者欢迎小白鹭成为英国鸟

20、类动物群的新成员。“它们长得很好看，让我们的城市更美观，”诺布尔先生补充道。但是，其他鸟类也是如此。鸢鹰如今常活跃于英国南部的天空，声音如哨，尾巴开叉，呈现出一种浓郁的红褐色。环颈鹦鹉颜色绿得惊人，喙却是红色的。知识点解读：1.welcome sb/sth as：欢迎某人/某物作为加入/到来，例如，“We welcome Ms. Wang to join us as a new member of the association. We welcome Ms. Wang to join us as a new member of the association.”2.It helps that

21、：在写作中表达某项措施的好处、意义时，可以用上这个表达，虽然很简单，但是表达很地道。3.shockingly：原文关于“令人震惊地”有很多个表达，具体如下，大家可以好好积累下：surprisingly, stunningly，alarmingly, startlingly.第四段：Britons have their doubts about both.Last summer theresidentsof HenleyonThames, in Oxfordshire, wrote to their local newspaper with accounts of kitesstealingfo

22、od out of peoples hands. Elsewhere, kites are said to have droppedraw meaton peoples heads andeyed upa small dog hungrily. In July Oxfordshire Live, a news website, reported that a kite hadpincheda steak from a childs plate. The boys grandfather commented that there are “too many of them now” and th

23、at they are “getting braver around people”.参考译文：英国人对这两种鸟类都心存疑虑。去年夏天，牛津郡的居民给当地报社投稿，称鸢鹰从人们手中偷走食物。在其他地方，据说鸢鹰将生肉丢在人们的头上，并饥肠辘辘地盯着一只小狗。7月，新闻网站Oxfordshire Live报道说，一只鸢鹰从一个孩子的盘子里抓了一块牛排。男孩的祖父评论说，“现在鸢鹰的数量太多了”，而且他们“在人群周围变得越来越肆意妄为”。知识点解读：1.resident：居民（人或动物都可以）、住户，常见的表达有“permanent resident永久居民”，例如，“On attaining t

24、he age of 21 years, the person will cease to be a permanent resident of the HKSAR.该人士在年满21岁时，即不再是香港特区永久性居民。”还有“local resident当地居民”和“urban/rural resident城镇居民/农民”。2.steal：偷，常见的用法为“steal sth from ab”或者“steal sth out of place”，表示“偷、抢、骗、欺诈”这类词的用法一般都是如此，比如说“con骗”，“Theyve conned me out of all my money.他们骗走

25、了我所有的钱。”3.raw meat:生肉。“raw”除了可以表示“生的”，还可以表示“未加工的”，例如，“raw materials原料 （对应的反义词为“finished products”成品）”和“raw water未净化的水”。4.eyed up：盯着，例如，“Men eyed up prize cows; women sneaked open jewellery boxes.男子在盯着最好的牛，女人则偷偷打开了珠宝盒。”Pinch：关于这个词有个地道的表达为“pinch pennies”，意为“一毛不拔，铁公鸡，精打细算”，例如，“We ll have to spend money

26、 when necessary . Dont try to pinch pennies all the time.该花钱时我们还是得花。别总是精打细算。”Day9第五段：Ringnecked parakeets, which have established noisy colonies as far north as Glasgow,are suspected ofmuscling other birds out of nesting holesfor which there is some evidence from Belgium. The Daily Mail, a newspaper

27、 thatamplifiesBritish anxieties, has called their squawking call “aharbingerofdoomfor native birds”.Their evident foreignness offends. “Yes, they look spectacular on bird tables,” wrote a columnist for the Sunday Mercury, a Birmingham newspaper. “But so would a Bengal tiger on your patio.”参考译文：环颈鹦鹉将

28、北至格拉斯哥的地方都变成了他们的领地，嘈杂至极，人们怀疑将其他鸟类挤出它们的巢穴比利时有些证据能证明这一点。每日邮报，一家放大英国人焦虑的报纸，称它们的叫声是本地鸟类的厄运预兆。它们明显的外来性使人不快。伯明翰报纸星期日水星报的一位专栏作家写道：是的，它们在鸟桌上看起来很壮观，但是在你的院子里放一只孟加拉虎也很壮观。知识点解读：1.be suspected of：被怀疑，受猜疑，例如，“He that is of the opinion money will do everything, may well be suspected of doing everything for money.认

29、为钱是万能的人，不免让人怀疑他万事都是为了钱。”2.Muscle sb out of sp：暴力驱赶某人离开某地，或者利用自己的权势逼迫他人离开，例如，“When we were kids, my older brother was constantly muscling me out of his tree house. 当我们还是孩子的时候，我哥哥经常把我从他的树屋里挤出来。”3.Amplify:放大，常指声音扩大，或者补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等，例如，“He amplified on his remarks with drawings and figures.他用图表详细地解释了他话。

30、”同样表达“扩大”的词还有如下：Enlarge：主要指面积或体积等扩大，例如，“This photograph is too small, please enlarge it for me.这张照片太小, 请把它给我放大。”Expand：指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面扩大或增加，例如，“The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding.教师队伍日益扩大了。”经济学上常用的表达还有“expand market 开拓市场”和“expand domestic demand 扩大内需”。Multiply：通常指自然繁殖而产生增长，有时也指同类事物数量

31、成倍增，例如，“He would crush me with a storm and multiply my wounds for no reason.他用暴风折断我，无故地加增我的损伤。”Augment：较正式用词，一般指有基础上增含量而扩大，例如，“He augments his income by teaching in the evening.他通过晚上教书来增加收入。”4.Harbinger：预兆，例如，“The cock is the harbinger of dawn.雄鸡报晓。”另外一个常用于表示“预兆”的词是“omen”，“好兆头”常用的表达就是“auspicious ome

32、n好兆头”，而“不祥之兆”则是“ill omen”。5.Doom：作名词时表示“厄运”，作动词时表示“使注定失败”，常见的表达有“be doomed to+n”，例如，“All his intrigues are doomed to failure.他所有的阴谋诡计要失败。”固定搭配“doom and gloom”表示“前景暗淡”，例如，“One of the only bits of good news amid this doom and gloom is the steady rise in digital music sales.不幸中的万幸是，数字音乐的销量在稳步上升。”第六段：“P

33、eople can start todespisebirds that becomeabundant,” says Mark Cocker, who has written many books about birds and peoples attitudes to them. They particularlyobject tosuccessful species that are noisy, bold and adaptablein short, birds with human characteristics. Hostility can linger long after a bi

34、rdceases tothrive. Mr Cocker says that many old people continue to dislike starlings, which thrived in the 20th century before decliningalarmingly.Their number is thought to be less than half of what it was in the mid1990s.参考译文：“人们会开始鄙视那些数量越来越多的鸟，”马克科克说，他写了许多书，内容有关鸟类和人们对它们的态度。他们特别反对喧闹、大胆和适应性强的成功鸟类总的

35、来说，是具有人类特征的鸟类。敌意会在鸟类不再繁盛后长期存在。科克先生说，许多老人仍然不喜欢椋鸟，它们在20世纪蓬勃发展，然后惊人地减少。据认为，它们的数量还不到1990年代中期的一半。知识点解读：1.despise：鄙视，特指由于卑鄙、软弱，渺小或无价值等而被轻视，例如，“He despised people who were lavish with their praises.他看不起那些阿谀奉承的人。”同样表示“鄙视、看不起”的还有如下：look down upon：指自地位优越而蔑他人或事，例如，“Do not look down upon these saplings, they wi

36、ll grow into a forest in a few years.不要小瞧这些树苗，要不了几年这里就会蔚然成林。”Scorn：指极端的蔑视，常伴有愤怒或恼怒的情感，常见的表达有“pour/heap scorn on sb/sth嗤之以鼻；不屑一顾”，例如，“Critics of the president have been pouring scorn on the plan ever since it was first proposed. 自该计划首次提出以来，总统的批评者一直对该计划嗤之以鼻。”Loathe:憎恨, 恶，例如，“I loathe having to get up

37、so early in the morning!我对这么早起来实在感到厌恶！”2.abundant：充足的，某物极为丰富有或大量的供应，常见的表达是“be abundant in”，例如，“China is abundant in agricultural produce.中国是一个农产品丰富的国家。”表示“丰富的”还有以下的词：ample：满足需要的情况下还有余，例如，“The sun was setting fast, but there was still ample light.夕阳西下, 天色很快暗下来, 但是还有足够光线。”copious：丰富的，多产的，例如，“She was a

38、 copious writer. 她是一位多作家。”Plentiful：普通用词。3.object to：反对，例如，“The general public objects to the use of drugs.大众使用毒品。”其近义表达为“be opposed to”，例如，“The summit can, though, be opposed to decline as evil to good. 虽然如此，颠峰能够跟衰微对立，如同恶与善对立。”4.cease to：逐渐消失直到停止，例如，“A man of learning, if he does not wish to degrad

39、e himself, must never cease to participate in public affairs.一个有学问的人，如果不愿意自己堕落，就绝不应该停止参加社会活动。”第七段：Red kites were common in 16th and 17thcentury London. Although some welcomed them as rubbishremovers, othersdetestedtheir habit of taking human food and killing chickens. “Our good Housewives are very a

40、ngry with them, and of all birds hate and curse them most,” wrote one ornithologist. They were eventually poisoned to nearextinction in Britain.参考译文：鸢鹰在16和17世纪的伦敦很常见。虽然它们作为垃圾清理者受到了部分人的欢迎，但其他人却厌恶它们抢夺人类食物和杀鸡的习惯。一位鸟类学家写道：我们的好主妇对它们非常生气，在所有的鸟类中最讨厌和诅咒它们。它们最终在英国被毒死，以至于接近灭绝。知识点解读：1.detest：讨厌；厌恶；憎恨，例如，“I detest him for he often goes out of his way to slander others.我很讨厌他，因为他经常特别喜欢诽谤别人。”我们在这扩展学习几个词：abhor:憎恨，厌恶，憎恶,尤其是因为道德原因，例如，“Most people abhor the criminal of kidnapping the children.大部分的人憎恶绑架儿童的罪犯。”Abominate：痛恨；讨厌，例如，“People who survived all abominate her, But no one remembers, that once, she was eleg