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1、.英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学约5世纪1485 贝奥武甫Beowulf高文爵士和绿衣骑士Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父。Father of English Poetry 坎特伯雷故事The Canterbury Tales 二、文艺复兴时期文学15世纪后期17世纪初 托马斯莫尔 Thomas More 乌托邦Utopia埃德蒙斯宾塞Edmund Spenser 仙后The Faerie Queene)弗兰西斯培根Francis Bacon 论说文集E

2、ssays)克里斯托弗马洛 Christopher Marlowe 帖木儿大帝Tamburlaine浮士德博士的悲剧The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus马耳他岛的犹太人The Jew of Malta 威廉莎士比亚William Shakespeare 喜剧仲夏夜之梦A Midsummer Nights Dream、威尼斯商人The Merchant of Venice悲剧罗密欧与X丽叶Romeo and Juliet、哈姆莱特Hamlet、奥赛罗Othello、李尔王King Lear、麦克白Macbeth历史剧亨

3、利四世Henry IV传奇剧暴风雨The Tempest 本琼生 Ben Johnson人人高兴Every Man in His Humor 狐狸Volpone练金术士The Alchemist 三、17世纪文学约翰弥尔顿 John Milton 失乐园Paradise Lost 复乐园Paradise Regained诗剧力士参孙Samson Agonistes 约翰班扬John Bunyan 天路历程The Pilgrims Progress威廉康格里夫William Congreve 以爱还爱Love for Love 如此世道The Way of the World 四、启蒙时期文学1

4、7世纪后期18世纪中期18世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性,强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅,追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大蒲柏Alexander Pope是新古典主义诗歌的代表。亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯Tom Jones 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛游记 Gullivers Travels丹尼尔笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记Robinson Crusoe亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 汤姆琼斯Tom Jones奥利弗哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsmith 荒村The Deserted

5、Village 詹姆斯汤姆逊James Thomson 四季歌The Seasons威廉柯林斯 William Collins 黄昏颂Ode to Evening托马斯格雷 Thomas Gray 墓园哀歌Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 五、浪漫主义时期文学1798-1832罗伯特彭斯 Robert Burns 威廉布莱克 William Blake 威廉华兹华斯 William Wordsworth 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 抒情歌谣集Lyrical Ballads Byron,Shelley,Keats

6、六、现实主义时期文学19世纪30年代-1918维多利亚时代1832-1901罗伯特布朗宁 Robert Browning戏剧独白 皮帕走过了Pippa Passes 指环与书The Ring and the Book阿尔弗雷德丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson 悼念In Memoriam A. H. H 勃朗特三姐妹 夏洛蒂勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte 简爱Jane Eyre 艾米丽勃朗特Emily Bronte 呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights)安妮勃朗特 Anne Bronte 阿格尼斯格雷Agnes Grey。 托马斯哈代 Thomas Hardy德伯家的苔丝T

7、ess of the DUrbervilles无名的裘德 Jude the Obscure 查尔斯狄更斯Charles Dickens 雾都孤儿Oliver Twist大卫科波菲尔David Copperfield远大前程Great Expectations荒凉山庄Bleak House 双城记A Tale of Two Cities 一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学约5世纪1485贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems

8、 that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features: Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonan

9、t sound头韵 Some examples on P5 Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟1340()1400(首创“双韵体,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿John Dryden称其为“英国诗歌之父。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)T

10、he father of English poetry.It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a prehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. Willi

11、am Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity. = 1 * GB3 坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English = 2 * GB3 特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulf = 2 * ROMAN II The Rena

12、issance Period文艺复兴时期文学15世纪后期17世纪初 A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th c

13、entury, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two featuresa thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature the keen interst in the activities of humanity.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which

14、the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three histor

15、ical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:new discoveries in geography and astrologythe religious reformation and economic expansionrediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th ce

16、ntury to the early 17th century. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599后人称之为“诗人的诗人。 The poets poet.The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet ( B ) A. Spensers idealism B. his st

17、ruggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody = 1 * GB3 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves.Artistic features:Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbc

18、c. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. = 2 * GB3 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱2. Thomas More托马斯莫尔14781535One of the greatest English humanists = 1 * GB3 乌托邦3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验

19、科学的先驱。Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.Writing style:brevity, pactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason. = 1 * GB3 学术的推进 = 2 * GB3 随笔(famous quotas: )The theme of Of Stud

20、ies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4.Ben Jonson = 1 * GB3 = 2 * GB3 狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“University Wits, the pioneer of English drama完善了无韵体诗。Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor

21、 to _ with his “mighty lines ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse = 1 * GB3 浮士德博士的悲剧根据德国民间故事书写成 = 2 * GB3 帖木耳大帝马耳他的犹太人6.William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616 = 1 * GB3 Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII = 2 * GB3 Four edi

22、es: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. = 3 * ROMAN III The 17th Century17世纪文学1. John Milton约

23、翰弥尔顿16081674诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。 = 1 * GB3 Epics:失乐园复乐园 = 2 * GB3 Dramatic poem:力士参孙 = 3 * GB3 论出版自由为英国人民声辩 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can e

24、ndure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688代表作天路历程,XX寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大XX题材文学杰作。Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人) = 1 * GB3 Religionary Allegory:天路历程3. John Donne the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗):用语the diction is simple, the imagery is from the ac

25、tual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.主题:love, religious, thoughtArtistic features:conceits or imagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段论 = 1 * GB3 Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子 = 2 * GB3 Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets = 3 * GB3 Valediction: = 4 * ROMAN IV The 18th

26、Century启蒙时期文学17世纪后期18世纪中期:Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the

27、15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起:In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说):mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)1

28、. Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏1688174418世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体/ “ heroic couplets。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。As a representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to EnglandEg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to Engla

29、nd ( C ) A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift = 1 * GB3 批评论Artistic features:1.Using “heroic couplets = 2 * GB3 卷发遇劫记 = 3 * GB3 道德论人论愚人记2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊17091784 = 1 * GB3 Dictionary =英语大词典3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。 = 1 * GB

30、3 格列佛游记(fictional work)Four parts:Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议 = 2 * GB3 书战 = 3 * GB3 木桶的故事 一个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mos

31、tly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. = 1 * GB3 鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narr

32、ates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. = 2 * GB3 = 3 * GB3 5. Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父 。He is called “Father of English novel. He was the first to write a

33、 “ic epic in prose(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. = 1 * GB3 novels:弃婴汤姆琼斯约瑟夫安德鲁大诗人江奈生威尔德爱米利亚 = 2 * GB3 plays:一七三六年历史记事堂吉柯德在英国6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯17301774 = 1 * GB3 poems:旅游人荒村 = 2 * GB3 novel:威克菲尔德牧师传7.Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利施莱登17511816 = 1 *

34、 GB3 情敌 = 2 * GB3 造谣学校8. William Blake威廉布莱克17571827 = 1 * GB3 天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. = 2 * GB3 经验之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiole

35、nce = 3 * GB3 天堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰安德生,我的爱人 一朵红红的玫瑰 往昔时光 不管那一套 我的心在那高原上 = 5 * ROMAN VThe Romantic Period浪漫主义时期文学1798-1832The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordswor

36、th and Coleridges , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry sho

37、uld be free from all rules, imagination, nature, monplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).“The Lake Poets湖畔诗人,who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯177018

38、50与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“ HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/141089.htm t _blank 湖畔派诗人。 The Lake Poets 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of natur

39、e in poet mind while he is in solitude.ment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.Lines posed A Few Miles Above

40、 Tintern AbbeyThe Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 序曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治17721834 The Lake Poets 古舟子颂 柯里斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦17881824拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热

41、、浪漫,却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷,却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄。“Byronic herois a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. = 1 * GB3 唐璜恰尔德哈罗德尔游记该隐 = 2 * GB3 当初我们俩分别 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱17921822 = 1 * GB3 Poetic Drama:解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebr

42、aies mans victory over tyranny and oppression = 2 * GB3 麦布女王伊斯兰的反叛钦契一家诗辩无神论的必要性Lyrics: 西风颂Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. pare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who

43、 scatter the seads shich sill e to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.ment: Percy Bysshe Shelleys Ode to the West Win

44、d is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rer

45、za rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe )致云雀5. John Keats约翰济慈17951821(“美即是真,真即是美是他的著名诗句。) = 1 * GB3 Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂夜莺颂心灵颂 忧郁颂 = 2 * GB3 秋颂Theme: The theme of John Keats poem, To Autumn, is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every

46、type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.ment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of ch

47、ange. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen简奥斯丁17751817She pared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. = 1 * GB3 理智与感情 傲慢与偏见(chapter I)【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice

48、dissolved【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】ic characters曼斯菲尔德

49、庄园爱玛诺桑觉寺劝导7. Walter Scott沃尔特斯科特17711832(历史小说之父)Father of history novels = 1 * GB3 罗伯罗伊 = 2 * GB3 艾凡赫 = 6 * ROMAN VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900mon sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the mon people and every

50、day events.1. Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯18121870批判现实主义小说家critical realist writer 匹克威克外传 奥利弗特维斯特雾都孤儿 老古玩店 圣诞颂歌 董贝父子大卫科波菲尔 荒凉山庄艰难时世 双城记(London & Paris) 远大前程 我们共同的朋友是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家,影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新,而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷18111863 or a Novel

51、without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan) 3. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特18161855 简爱Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with t

52、he master,Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their

53、basic rights and equality as a human being. 雪莉 教师4. Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特18181854 呼啸山庄A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella 5

54、. George Eliot乔治艾略特18191880 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 亚当比德 织工马南米德尔马契6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德丁尼生18091892维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人 悼念To memorialize his friend 国王叙事诗7. Robert Browning罗伯特白朗宁18121889 我已故的公爵夫人海外乡思Elizabeth Barrett Browing: 葡萄牙十四行诗8. Robert Louis Stevenson金银岛 9. Thomas Hardy托马斯哈代18401928小说多以农村生活为背景

55、;自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment = 1 * GB2 Novels 德伯家的苔丝Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 无名的裘德 绿荫下远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长还乡 = 2 * GB2 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国 = 7 * ROMAN VII 19001950 The 20th CenturyPlayw

56、rights = 1 * GB3 Oscar Wilde = 2 * GB3 George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡王尔德18561900The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake = 1 * GB3 4 edies:认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子一个无足轻重的女人理想的丈夫 = 2 * GB3 Novel:多利安格雷的画像 = 3 * GB3 Fairy Stories:快乐王子故事集2. George Bernard Shaw乔治伯纳萧18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家critical realistic

57、 dramatist = 1 * GB2 Plays = 1 * GB3 Plays Unpleasant 华伦夫人的职业鳏夫的房产 = 2 * GB3 Plays Pleasant武器与人左右命运的人Plays 人与超人匹格玛利翁苹果车圣女贞德Novelists (Realists)1. Joseph Concrad = 1 * GB3 吉姆爷 = 2 * GB3 黑暗的心1.Why the books title is Heart of DarknessThe story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of pe

58、oples skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilizedMiddle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppressed, as the Dark Ages.According to Chri

59、stianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage.【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Yet, in Concrad, the usual

60、 pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo.The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind. White also suggests any n

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