2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号6

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Grandma always paid attention to the needs, wishes and feelings of those around her. She was the most （ ）woman Ive ever known.问题1选项A.artificialB.merryC.considerateD.brilliant【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；co

2、nsiderate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。2.单选题They tried to collect all the pictures they could （ ）.问题1选项A.lay their hands onB.capitalize onC.wash their hands ofD.make the best of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。lay ones hands on意为“找到，得到，伤害”；capitalize on意为“充分利用某事物，从某事物中获利”；wash on

3、es hands of意为“洗手不干，退出、不参与”；make the best of意为“充分利用”。句意：他们试图收集所有他们能找到的照片。3.单选题The（ ） can help people to see very small objects.问题1选项A.metropolitanB.microphoneC.microscopeD.microware【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。metropolitan “大城市人”；microphone “扩音器”；microscope “显微镜”；microwave “微波炉”。句意：显微镜能让人看到很小的东西。选项C符合题意。4.单选题Th

4、e new secretary has written a remarkably （ ） report only in a few pages but with all the details.问题1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise “简明的”；clear “清楚的”；precise “精确的”；elaborate “详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。5.单选题Government today plays an increasingly larg

5、er role in the （ ）of welfare, economics,and education.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope “范围，眼界，视野”；range “范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain “领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。6.翻译题Arnold Toynbee说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们的孩子的能力所允许的范围

6、内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺孩子失败的权利，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。【答案】Arnold Toynbee has said that all progress, all development come from challenge and a consequent response. Wi

7、thout challenge there is no response, no development, no freedom. So first we owe to our children the most demanding, challenging curriculum that is within their capabilities.The second opportunity we can give our boys and girls is the right to failure. What kind of a test is it, what kind of freedo

8、m where no one can fail? We live in a narrowed world where we must be alert, awake to realism; and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure. These are hard words, but they are brutally true. If we deprive our children of the right to fail we deprive them of their know

9、ledge of the world as it is.7.单选题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the prese

10、nt by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves, memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain beca

11、use he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer w

12、ith that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” string of alphabetic or numerical characters ready for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the

13、total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words a

14、nd combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?2

15、.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?5.Human beings make themselves di

16、fferent from other animals by（ ）.问题1选项A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.It is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects our past experiences with the present问题2选项A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps inf

17、ormation for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past问题3选项A.Computers have better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 wordsD.Human beings are fa

18、r superior to computers问题4选项A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It may change what has been stored in it问题5选项A.having the ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to recogni

19、ze faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历，这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”（The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habit

20、s and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来，因此选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情，还包括动物典型行为的改变”（It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the

21、 way an animal typically behaves），可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的，排除；文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use），由此可知选项B正确，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠记忆，可以把过去的经验与现在联系起来，选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确，排除。因此，选项C符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万左右的英语单词，

22、但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分，人类还能记忆很多其他的内容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人类比电脑要强，因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人能够记住的事情和

23、事情最重要的部分的能力时，这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity），因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”（It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart f

24、rom other animals），因此选项B符合题意。8.单选题Henrys news report covering the conference was so （ ）that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。understanding “理解”；comprehensible “可理解的”；comprehensive “综合的；广泛的”；understandable “可以理解的”。句意：亨利的新闻报道

25、非常详尽，几乎没有遗漏。选项C符合题意。9.单选题The city government is （ ）reforming the social security system.问题1选项A.contemplatingB.reflectingC.overtakingD.nourishing【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。contemplate意为“考虑，考虑接受（发生某事的可能性），深思熟虑”；reflect意为“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；overtake意为“追上，赶上”；nourish意为“滋养，施肥于”。句意：市政府正在考虑改革社会保障制度。10.单选题Every month 3 is

26、（ ）from our salary for house repairing payment.问题1选项A.excludedB.expelledC.compelledD.docked【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exclude “排除，排斥”；expel “开除，逐出”；compel “迫使，强迫”；dock “扣除”。句意：每个月会从我们的工资中扣除3元作为房屋维修基金。选项D符合题意。11.单选题Russian and Norwegian scientists have reported finding stone objects and animal bones in the fa

27、r north of European Russia. The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.The Russian and Norwegian team worked at a camp along the Usa Riv

28、er and the Arctic Circle. The scientists say they found several ancient stone tools. They also found 123 bones from animals such as horses, reindeer and wolves.The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth（猛码）.The huge, curved tooth was more t

29、han 1 meter long. The tusk is covered with small cuts. The scientists believe humans made the marks with sharp-edged stone tools.The scientists used a process known as radiocarbon（放射性碳）dating to measure the age of the tusk. Radiocarbon dating shows the level of a radioactive form of carbon in a subs

30、tance. The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand years old.The scientists say they are not sure what kind of humans left the stone objects and bones along the river. They said the people were either early humans called Neanderthals（穴居人）or modern humans.Modem humans spread through Europe and Asi

31、a 30 thousand years ago. The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.The objects were discovered about 300 kilometers northeast of another area where scientists say humans once lived. That area has objects more closely

32、linked to modem humans. Those objects are believed to be about 28 thousand years old.Nature magazine also published a report by John Gowlett of the University of Liverpool in England. He said the discovery shows the ability of early humans to do the unexpected. He also said the discovery should rene

33、w debate about the effects of the climate on the movements of early human population.1.Before the finding of stone objects and animal bones in the north of European Russia, some experts thought human beings lived in that area about （ ）.2.The following statements are true about the significance of th

34、is finding EXCEPT that（ ）.3.Which is the most important discovery among the findings?4.How old is the tusk? About（ ）years old.5.Which would be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.10 thousand years agoB.15 thousand years agoC.28 thousand years agoD.20 thousand years ago问题2选项A.it brings forwards the

35、time in which ancient hunters lived in the areaB.it provides the evidence of a high level of ancient human societyC.it showed the unexpected ability of the early humansD.it indicates the effect of climate on the movement of early human population问题3选项A.A mammoth tusk covered with small cuts.B.Ancien

36、t stone tools.C.123 bones from animals.D.A long elephant tusk.问题4选项A.25 thousandB.28 thousandC.40 thousandD.36 thousand问题5选项A.New Discovery of Ancient Human BeingsB.Evidence of Ancient HuntersC.Unexpected Surviving Abilities of Ancient Human BeingsD.New Findings of Ancient Animals【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A

37、第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第一段最后两句“The scientists say the objects provide the first evidence that ancient hunters lived in the area more than 30 thousand years ago. They say this is at least 15 thousand years earlier than experts had thought.”科学家说，这些物体提供了第一手证据，证明古代猎人在3万多年前就生活在这个地区。他们说，这至少比专家们预想的早了1.5

38、万年。由此可知，专家们预想的人类生活在这个地区的时间是在3万减去1.5万等于1.5万年以前，也就是15 thousand years ago，所以选项B正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的内容“The scientists say the ancient people needed a high level of social development to survive in the extremely cold environment.”科学家们说，古人需要高度的社会发展才能在极端寒冷的环境中生存。由此可知，古代社会并没有高度发展所以选项B不正确。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“mo

39、st important discovery”定位到第三段第一句“The scientists say their most important discovery was a tusk from an ancient elephant called a mammoth.The tusk is covered with small cuts.”科学家们表示，他们最重要的发现是一头名为猛犸象的古代大象的长牙。.长牙上有很多小切口。由此可知，选项A符合原文。第4题:细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“The tests showed the tusk is about 36 thousand year

40、s old.”测试显示，这只象牙大约有3.6万年的历史。选项D符合原文。第5题:主旨大意题。原文第一段指出科学家在欧洲北部发现了很多有关古代猎人的证据，接下来的段落具体阐述和分析这些证据，最后得出结论，这些证据也体现了环境对早期人类迁徙的影响。由此可知，本文的主要内容是关于古代猎人的证据，选项B最为恰当。12.单选题We dont think that his（ ）ability has been well developed.问题1选项A.possibleB.potentialC.initialD.invisible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。possible “可能的”；pote

41、ntial “有潜力的”；initial “最初的”；invisible “看不见的”。句意：我们认为他的潜力没有被好好挖掘。选项B符合题意。13.单选题Our （ ） talks promised a good future for our cooperation.问题1选项A.interiorB.insuranceC.initialD.invisible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。interior “内部的”；insurance “保险”；initial “最初的”；invisible “看不见的”。句意：我们的初次会谈为我们的合作展现了一个好的未来。选项C符合题意。14.单选题

42、People tend to ignore the delayed effects of（ ）to chemicals because the danger doesnt become apparent immediately.问题1选项A.exposureB.exploitC.explosionD.exponent【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure “暴露”；exploit “功绩”；explosion “爆炸”；exponent “倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。15.单选题Physically

43、we feel comfortable. But （ ）, we suffer a lot.问题1选项A.psychologicallyB.moderatelyC.naturallyD.precisely【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。psychologically “心理上地”；moderately “适度地”；naturally “自然地”；precisely “精准地”。句意：我们身体上很舒服，但是精神上备受折磨。选项A符合题意。16.单选题The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on

44、（ ）respect and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。17.单选题The importance of interior design becomes （ ）when we realize how much time we spend

45、 surrounded by four walls.问题1选项A.attractiveB.appropriateC.evidentD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。attractive意为“有魅力的，吸引人的”；appropriate意为“适当的，合适的”；evident意为“明显的，明白的”；obscure意为“昏暗的，朦胧的”。句意：当我们意识到我们花了多少时间待在家里时，室内设计的重要性就变得明显了。18.单选题Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more

46、durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。选项A符合题意。19.单选题Since the two countries couldnt （ ） their differences, they decided to declare war on each other.问题1选项A.resignB.renew

47、C.recoverD.restore【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resign “辞职，放弃”；renew “更新”；recover “恢复”；restore “恢复，还原”。句意：由于两国不能放弃他们的不同之处，他们决定相互宣战。选项A符合题意。20.单选题Cares should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is（ ）loud continuous noise.问题1选项A.associated withB.subjected toC.filled withD.attached to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

48、be associated with意为“与联系”；be subjected to意为“受到，被折磨”；be filled with意为“充满，装满”；be attached to意为“附属于，喜爱”。句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。21.翻译题In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being

49、 borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological (a.人类学的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盘) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the perspective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonio

50、us cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is the essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combinat

51、ion of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.

52、停滞的)or even are stable there is no chance to try.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accepting the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another ch

53、ance, I will try again.” That keeps him going. Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中，梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上，即便不是在人种的意义上，这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突，从这个角度来看，这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢？目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国

54、文化的主要特性：有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地去发现自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间，不仅仅是地理意义上的空间，更是指机会，指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中，在停滞不前的社会中甚至在那些稳定的社会中没有尝试的机会。如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败，他总是想：“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败，他就会失去信心，变得悲观失望，接受自己所处的地位。在美国，他想的是：“我还会有机会，我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。22.单选题This ticket （ ）you to a free boat tour on the lak

55、e.问题1选项A.entitlesB.appointsC.grantsD.credits【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。entitle给某人权利或资格；appoint任命，委派；grant授予，允许；credit信任，归功于。句意：这张票使你有资格免费在湖上乘船游览。选项A符合句意。23.单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sur

56、vive “幸存，生还”；suspend“延缓”；suffer “遭受，允许，宽恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的帮助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下来。选项A符合题意。24.单选题The survey found 80 percent of viewers were （ ）by the violent scenes in the film.问题1选项A.damagedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使气馁。句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被

57、电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。be offended by意为“被.触怒”，选项C符合句意。25.单选题When making modern cameras people began to （ ）plastics for metal.问题1选项A.surroundB.substanceC.stretchD.substitute【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。surround “包围”；substance “物质；实质”；stretch “伸展，拉紧”；substitute “替代，代替”。句意：在制造现代相机时，人们开始用塑料代替金属。选项D符合题意。26.单选题A railway ticket

58、 should indicate the place of departure as well as the （ ）of the trip.问题1选项A.arrivalB.imageC.destinationD.sequence【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。arrival意为“到达，抵达”；image意为“形象，印象，画像”；destination意为“目的地，终点”；sequence意为“一系列，一连串，顺序”。句意：火车票应注明出发地点和旅行目的地。27.单选题Tom, did it ever （ ）to you that you would be punished for cheati

59、ng on exams?问题1选项A.happenB.occurC.reflectD.strike【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。happen “发生,碰巧”；occur “发生，出现”；reflect “反应”；strike “撞击；罢工”。句意：汤姆，你是否曾想过会因为考试作弊受到处罚呢？occur to “想起，突然想起”。选项B符合题意。28.单选题The republication(再版)of the poets most recent works will certainly （ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.magnifyB.enlargeC

60、.strengthenD.enhance【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。magnify放大；enlarge扩大；strengthen巩固，加强；enhance提高，增加。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再次出版必将提高他在全国的声誉。选项D更符合语境。29.单选题We should get （ ）to that new journal.问题1选项A.a subscriptionB.a prescriptionC.an inscriptionD.a conscription【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。subscription “捐献，订阅”；prescription “药方，指示”；inscrip