2025年广东深圳高三一模高考英语试卷试题（含答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2025年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试英语2025.2试卷共8页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(标本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.1．Whatdoesthecampoffer?A．Samplegatheringpractice.B．Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C．Researchlabmembership.D．Lecturesonmarineknowledge.2．Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A．$400. B．$765.C．$1,125. D．$1,250.3．Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A．Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.B．Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C．Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.D．Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮湿的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潜艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.4．HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A．Byholdinganin-persontalk. B．Bymakingalong-distancecall.C．Bysendingaletterbackhome. D．Byhavinganinstantvideochat.5．Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A．Theunrealisticfantasies. B．Thefictionaltechnologies.C．Thelatestresearchfindings. D．Theimaginedfutureworlds.6．WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A．Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B．Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C．Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D．Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A．Strong-willed. B．Fantasy-seeking.C．Positive-minded. D．Forward-thinking.CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”8．WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A．Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.B．Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C．Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.D．Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.9．WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A．Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B．Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C．Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D．Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A．Fullymasteredasubject. B．PutgreateffortintoasubjectC．Reallyenjoyedasubject. D．Benefitedalotfromasubject.11．Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A．Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.B．Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C．Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.D．Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(发射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(扰乱),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝胶)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.12．Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A．thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB．theinspirationforanewinventionC．thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD．thereasonfordevelopingasensor13．Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A．c-a-e-d-b. B．c-a-d-e-b.C．a-c-e-d-b. D．a-e-c-d-b.14．Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A．Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B．Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C．Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D．Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB．Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC．E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD．ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.16Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安装)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.17It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.18Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.19Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasting.20It’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.Thisdoesn’tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereislabourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethatexpense.A．Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.B．However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.C．Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.D．Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.E．Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.F．Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.G．Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴达的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareofalongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheairflowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewaterintomyskin,andthesunburneduponmyback.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwouldtears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收获)whatyou.”“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlikeinthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfactioninme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe.21．A．remind B．warn C．attract D．train22．A．wealth B．luck C．labour D．wisdom23．A．gently B．hardly C．loudly D．usually24．A．climbed B．bit C．cut D．fell25．A．arched B．broad C．strong D．straightened26．A．hold B．produce C．drop D．replace27．A．quick B．proud C．quiet D．patient28．A．Slowly B．Slightly C．Safely D．Sadly29．A．pick B．find C．sow D．wish30．A．fields B．books C．neighbours D．clothes31．A．affordable B．acceptable C．dependable D．livable32．A．boats B．weeds C．fishes D．waves33．A．welledup B．brokeup C．cooledoff D．heldoff34．A．drag B．kick C．plant D．lift35．A．promoted B．educated C．comforted D．rewarded第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OnAugust5,2024,ChinesebadmintonplayerHeBingjiaowonasilvermedalattheParisOlympics.However,36trulystoodoutwasatouchingmomentonthepodium(领奖台).Asshereceivedhermedal,HeBingjiaoheldabadge(徽章)37(feature)theSpanishflag,whicharousedwidespreadcuriosityonline.Thisgesturewastoexpressrespectandcareforhersemifinalopponent,Spain’sCarolinaMarin,who38(retire)fromthematchduetoinjury.HeBingjiaoexplained,“IbroughttheSpanishbadgebecauseMarin’ssufferingbrokemyheart.Ihopesheseesthisandwishheraspeedy39(recover).”Duringtheirsemifinalmatch,Marinperformedwellbut40(force)tostopaftergettinginjured.HeBingjiaoimmediatelyreachedout,offeringsupportandcheckingonMarin,whowas41(visible)upset.Theactrapidlymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteepraisedHeBingjiao42showingtheOlympicvaluesofrespectandfriendship.Spanishmediaalsohighlightedthe43(emotion)moment,withmanyfansapplaudinghersportsmanship.PauGasol,thelegendarySpanishbasketballplayer,calledit44beautifuldisplayofOlympicspirit.HeBingjiao’sactionnotonlydemonstratedherrespectforheropponentbutalsoreflectedthetruespiritoftheOlympics—competition,45(pair)withunityandmutual(相互的)respect.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．假定你是李华，你校正在为英语文学阅读室设计标识，现向学生征集意见。请你给负责此项工作的外教Mr.Green写邮件，从以下标识中选择你最喜欢的一个，并说明理由。注意：1.写作词数为80左右;2.可以增加适当细节，以使行文连贯;3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Green,IamwritingtosharemyideasonthelogodesignforourEnglishliteraturereadingroom.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ThecarturnedontothefamiliarroadthatledtoGrandma’sfarm.“Jude,thissummerholidaywillbeagreatchanceforyoutostaywithyourgrandma,”Dadsaidashedrove.Everymoment,weweremovingfartherawayfromthecity,theplacewhereIknewhowtodothingsright.Thecarenginewasn’toffbeforeGrandmahuggedme.Islowlydraggedmyselfoutofthecar.“Jude,youlookunhappy.Why?”Grandmaasked.Sheactedlikenothingbadhadhappenedlasttime.CouldIaskhowmuchmoneyherneighborMr.Jacksonhadlostbecauseofmymistake?Washestillupsetwithme?“I’mfine,”Ianswered.“I’mjustmissingmycomputercamp.ComputersaresomethingI’mgoodat.”“Thatsoundsdisappointing.”Grandmanodded.IlikedvisitingthefarmduringbreaksbeforeImessedthingsuplastsummer.Grandmalivedalone,andMr.Jacksonwaslikefamilytoher.ThenonedayIforgottolockthegateandletthegoatsintohisflowerbeds.Helostalmostallhisrosesforthefarmers’market.Now,backatthefarm,Ifeltnervous.IwastryingtohideintheroomwhenIsawMr.Jackson!HewasopeningthedoorandcallingGrandma.“Ineedhelp!”heyelledtoher.“Justasecondforthefreshlyharvestedroses!”Thatwaswhenhesawme.Ifeltmyhearttightenandwasreadyforhiscriticism.Ideservedit.Hehadprobablybeenwaitingforthismomentsincelastsummer.However,Mr.Jacksongreetedmehappily,“Great,Judeishere!Yourgrandmaalwaystellsusyouareawonderfullycompetent(有能力的)computerprogrammer.”Ishookmyhead.“Iamnotcompetent.IamsorryImessedthingsup.”Hewassurprisedandcomfortedme,“Itwasanaccident.Beingcompetentdoesn’tmeanyounevermakemistakes.”Ilookedoutofthewindow.Therewerepilesofroseswaitingtobesold.“Jude,canyouhelpus?Wewanttosellrosesonline.Wehaveacomputerandalltheparts(零件)forourinternetconnection,butwejustcan’tsetitup,”Grandmaasked.Nointernet.Theyseemedtoliveinthetwentiethcentury.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MaybeIcouldbesomeonewhowasreallycompetent.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withinafewhours,ordersforrosesfloodedin.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．A2．C3．B【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了鲍林格林州立大学的夏令营，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。1．细节理解题。根据“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?(营员们可以参加哪些活动？)”部分中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(标本)collectionprocedures(实践标本收集程序)”可知，该夏令营提供标本收集练习，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Whatdoesthecostcover?(费用包括什么？)”部分中“Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.(非住宿项目的费用为850美元，住宿项目的额外费用为400美元。项目总费用包括食宿费、实验室和活动的所有材料以及实地考察的交通费。提前加入可享受九折优惠)”可知，住宿项目总费用为850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折优惠，即1250×90%=1125美元，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“ApplicationRequirements(申请要求)”部分中“Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.(注：由申请人以外的人提供的问题的答案将取消申请资格)”可知，提供别人给出的答案会导致申请人被取消资格，故选B。4．D5．C6．B7．D【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科幻小说之父之一JulesVerne及其作品。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hedescribedthe‘phonotelephone’whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent(他描述了可以远距离传送声音和图像的‘电话机’。主人公FritzNapoleonSmith能够通过这种技术轻松地与他在另一个大陆的妻子交流)”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮湿的)withtears.(Smith先生能够清楚地看到他的妻子，尽管他和她相隔很远……Smimth夫人立即出现在长焦屏幕上，脸上带着微笑，眼里含着泪水)”可知，Smith和妻子交流时使用可以远距离传送声音和图像的“电话机”，妻子的脸会出现在屏幕上，所以Smith是通过即时视频聊天和妻子联系，故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe‘hardsciencefiction’ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.(与同时代的其他作家写更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未来愿景中追求现实主义，总是基于前沿科学和他自己的广泛研究。这为20世纪及以后的‘硬科幻小说’奠定了基础)”可知，“硬科幻小说”以最新的研究结果为基础，故选C。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潜艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.(他的许多故事都描写了一位才华横溢但疯狂的科学家，他的发明最终带来的坏处大于好处。在《海底两万里》中，尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只。Verne认为，人类的本性决定了技术是善的力量还是毁灭的源泉)”可知，Verne描写尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只，这是描写科技带来的坏处，推知他意识到了科技的危险，故选B。7．推理判断题。根据第一段中“healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting(他还在他的作品中预言了100多种现代发明和技术)”和第四段中“Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.(Verne以技术为基础的冒险故事代表了一种通过小说想象未来的新方法)”可知，Verne的作品预言了100多种现代发明和技术，以技术为基础想象未来世界，故他具有前瞻性思维，故选D。8．D9．C10．A11．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的研究，通过具体研究案例，来说明智力谦逊如何帮助人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。8．推理判断题。根据第二段第二至第四句“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.(他发现过度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人们认为某件事情正确时，这种过度自信可能会导致灾难性的决策。1986年，NASA认为每次太空飞行发生损失的风险大约是1/100,000。这种过度自信的信念可能引发了“挑战者号”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D项。9．细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.(她发现，智力谦逊的学生更有可能去检验自己是否真正理解了学习材料，并寻找自己理解上的漏洞。当他们看到考试成绩时，他们会调整学习策略，以提高学习表现，并掌握好材料为下一次考试做准备)”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故选C项。10．词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.(这些学生以为自己对某个科目gotdownpat，但在考试中被要求解释时，他们发现自己的理解并没有自己想象的那么多)”可知，学生们在考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A项。11．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.(好消息是，过度自信有一种“疫苗”，科学家称之为“智力谦逊”——即认识到你的信念可能是错误的)”及全文最后一句“Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”(如果你觉得很难质疑一种信念，可以尝试迈出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所说的“questionabelief”即前文所说的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，即如何练习做到“智力谦虚”。故选D项。12．B13．A14．C15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需触摸即可感知物体的位置。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，第一段主要介绍了一种鱼类，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，受此启发，科学家们开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统，由此可知，第一段旨在介绍一个新发明的灵感。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(发射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(扰乱),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepos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