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1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing pe

2、ople to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted i

3、n widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution i

4、n understanding how climate has changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet t

5、o dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in

6、 nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by gl

7、obal climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global en

8、vironment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appearedis a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth

9、s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1.Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged .2.Earth scientists have come to understand that climate ( ).3. Scientists believe that human evolution( ).4.Evi

10、dence of past climatic changes indicates that( ).5.The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that( ).问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original settlement问题2选项A.is going through a fundamental c

11、hangeB.has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC.will eventually change from hot to coldD.has gone through periodical changes问题3选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been affected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact

12、 on climatic changes问题4选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future问题5选项A.hum

13、an civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of na

14、ture【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming.”在把他们周

15、围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后,人们被迫放弃他们原有的生活方式,转而采用一种全新的生存战略,导致了大面积的饥饿和疾病。这种适应就是农业由此可知,农业作为一种生存战略出现是因为人们放弃了原有的生活方式,选项A符合原文。第2题:判断推理题。题目问的是气候是如何变化的。根据关键词“earth scientists”定位到第二段的内容“Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined

16、 to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.”研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅清晰的图像,阐明强大的地质和天文力量结合在一起改变了地球的环境,从热到冷,从潮湿到干燥,周而复始这些可以追溯到数亿年前。由此可以推断,气候的变化是周期性的,阶段性的,所以选项D正确。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“human evolution”定位到第三段“Most importa

17、ntly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species.”最重要的是,科学家们开始意识到气候变化对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响。选项C符合原文。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go t

18、hrough dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.”事实上,过去的气候变化模式表明,即使没有人类活动的影响,未来的地球气候肯定也会经历巨大的变化。选项C符合原文。第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲的是气候变化对人类活动的影响。文章末尾还指出,即使没有人类活动的影响,全球气候依然会发生巨大的变化,所以作者主要强调的是:面对气候的急剧变化,人类实际上是无能为力的。选项B正确。2.单选题Youll have to change your ( )of life now tha

19、t you have got a baby.问题1选项A.formB.moldC.moodD.mode【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状,形式”;mold意为“模型,压模”;mood意为“心情”;mode意为“方式,风格,样式”。由change your _ of life(改变你的生活_)可知D选项最符合逻辑,mode of life表示“生活方式”。句意:既然你有了孩子,你就必须改变你的生活方式。3.翻译题In 1924, a Mexican philosopher wrote a book dreaming of the possibility that, in the

20、future, all races on the planet would merge into one type of man. This of man is being borne in Los Angeles, in the cultural sense if not the anthropological (a.人类学的) sense. A vast mosaic (n.拼盘) of different races, cultures, religions, and moral habits are working toward one common aim. From the per

21、spective of a world submerged in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable. It is truly striking.What is common aim that harmonizes competing cultures in one place?It is not only the better living standard. What attracts immigrants to America is th

22、e essential characteristic of American culture: the chance to try. There is a combination of two things that are important: culture and space. The culture allows you to try to be somebodyto find yourself, your place, your status. And there is space not only in a geographical sense, but in the sense

23、of opportunity, of social mobility. In societies that are in crisis or are stagnant(a.停滞的)or even are stable there is no chance to try.If the immigrant to America at first fails, he always thinks, “I will try again.”If he had failed in the old society, he would be discouraged and pessimistic, accept

24、ing the place that was given to him. In America, hes thinking, “I will have another chance, I will try again.” That keeps him going. Hes full of hope.【答案】1924年,一位墨西哥哲学家在他的一本著作中,梦想着未来地球上所有不同种族都融合成一种类型人的可能性。在文化的意义上,即便不是在人种的意义上,这样一种类型的人正在洛杉矶诞生。由不同种族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行为组成的巨大合成体正奔向一个共同的目标。世界充满着宗教的、种族的、民族的冲突

25、,从这个角度来看,这种融洽的合作令人难以置信。也的确令人瞩目。使得在一个地区的相互竞争的文化和谐共存的共同目标是什么呢?目标不仅仅是更高的生活水准。吸引移民前来美国的是美国文化的主要特性:有尝试的机会。文化与空间这两个重要方面结合了起来。文化使你得想办法出人头地去发现自我,找到自己的位置、自己的地位。还有空间,不仅仅是地理意义上的空间,更是指机会,指社会身份的流动性。在充满危机的社会中,在停滞不前的社会中甚至在那些稳定的社会中没有尝试的机会。如果美国移民开始时遭遇失败,他总是想:“我要再试一下”。如果他在原来的社会中遭遇失败,他就会失去信心,变得悲观失望,接受自己所处的地位。在美国,他想的是:

26、“我还会有机会,我还要试一下。”这使他坚持下去。他充满了希望。4.单选题The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural ( ).问题1选项A.traditionB.transportationC.transmissionD.transformation【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。tradition“惯例,传统”;transportation“运输”;transmission“传递,传送”;transformation“转换,改革”。句意:20世纪见证了全世界

27、巨大的政治、经济和文化的变革。选项D符合语境。5.单选题I will hold you personally ( )if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。destructive意为“破坏性的”;liable意为“(法律上)负有偿付责任,可能(做某事)”,指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚;diverse意为“不同的,多种多样的”;responsible意为“负责的,可靠的,有责任的”,指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务,或在

28、出差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。句意:假如这个项目出了任何问题,我将追究你个人的责任。6.单选题Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩)of environmental claims inhale by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) finding

29、s-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. I

30、t was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International direct

31、or Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.The report focused on claims made by specific products such as de

32、tergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too

33、 vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,” said report researcher Philip Page.“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners

34、were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading. he said.The ISO labeling standards can vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “en

35、vironmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO”, said page.1.According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that( ).2.As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, t

36、he consumers( ).3.A study was carried out by Britains NCC to( ).4.What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to( ).问题1选项A.all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards

37、B.consumers would believe many of the manufactures claimC.the claims made by products are often unclear or deceivingD.few products actually prove to be environment friendly问题2选项A.are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buyB.are still not willing to pay more for products with

38、green labelingC.are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environmentD.still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment问题3选项A.examine claims made by products against ISO standardsB.inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products

39、 they buyC.find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standardsD.revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization问题4选项A.They are likely to lead to serious environmental problemsB.Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the falseC.They could ar

40、ouse widespread anger among consumerD.Consumers will be tempted to buy products they dont need问题5选项A.warn consumers of the danger of so-called green productsB.see all household products meet environmental standardsC.make product labeling satisfy ISO requirementsD.verify the efforts of non-polluting

41、products【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是 “NCC最不能忍受的是什么?”文章第二段提到“报道中不能让人忍受的是德国蚯蚓之友化肥,无污染面粉,还有英国的环境友好厕纸”(Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting”),即不能忍受这些宣传,原因在第七段:近200

42、0种产品并没有像他们标榜的那样对环境无害,很多都不符合ISO的标准(Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards),由此可知,上面的那些宣传在虚假夸大,选项C “产品的宣传经常很模糊或者带有欺骗性”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是消费者的反映。文章第四段提到“尽管现在很多产品的宣传都很美好,但是需要清楚的是消费者仍然无法知道他们

43、买的产品对于环境的影响有多大”(While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy),选项D“仍然不知道不同产品对环境的影响”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到了NCC做这个调查的目的:用ISO的标准来检测一些特定的产品,比如杀虫剂,探究这些产品的说明是否符合标准(The

44、 report focused on claims made by specific products such as detergent insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999),选项A符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章倒数第二段最后一句话提到“如此高的数字表明消费者

45、很难从这些误导人的产品中分辨出正确的产品”(The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading),选项B“消费者很难分清真伪”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句提到“我们现在正在推动让跨国公司达到ISO的标准”(What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO),选项C“让产品标

46、签符合ISO的标准”符合题意。7.单选题More care will ( )you against making so many mistakes.问题1选项A.ensureB.guaranteeC.convinceD.assure【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。convince意为“使相信,说服,使承认”,ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保证”的意思。ensure指确保某种行为一定会发生;guarantee指对某事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保”,对事物、商品等质量、性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证;assure指向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意,以消除疑虑)a

47、ssure sb. of sth /assure sb. that.句意:多加小心会确保你不会犯这么多的错误。8.单选题Physically we feel comfortable. But ( ), we suffer a lot.问题1选项A.psychologicallyB.moderatelyC.naturallyD.precisely【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。psychologically “心理上地”;moderately “适度地”;naturally “自然地”;precisely “精准地”。句意:我们身体上很舒服,但是精神上备受折磨。选项A符合题意。9.单选题Al

48、though we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were ( )by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.displacedB.distractedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。displace “取代”;distract “分心”;disperse “分散,传播”;discard “丢弃”。句意:尽管我们尽力将精力集中在讲座上,但注意力还是被隔壁房间的噪声给分散了。选项B符合题意。10.单选题Do you want fly first or ( ) cla

49、ss?问题1选项A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。economical class “经济舱”。选项B符合题意。11.单选题You can ( )the video camera on a tripod(三脚架),so that you dont have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions.问题1选项A.withstandB.fixC.plantD.dwell【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。withstand抵抗,反抗;fix固定;pl

50、ant种植,培养;dwell居住,存在于。句意:你可以将摄像机固定在三脚架上,这样当你提问的时候就不用担心需要稳稳的抓住它了。选项B符合句意。12.单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a ( )as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想,幻觉”;dilemma“困境,进退两难”; contradictio

51、n “矛盾,否认,反驳”;conflict “冲突,斗争”。句意:杰克做事不果敢,他经常进退两难,不知道做什么。选项B符合题意。13.单选题On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor ( )which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.问题1选项A.incidentB.eventC.caseD.affair【答案】B【解析】同义词辨析题。四个词都有事件的意思,incident指的是突发的,概率较小的事件;event指大型的活动或事件;case一般指案件;affair一般指私事。句意:在

52、新年前夕,纽约市举行了一场户外活动,吸引了100多万人参加。根据参加的人数可推测活动规模之大,所以选项B更恰当。14.单选题Henrys news report covering the conference was so ( )that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensibleC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。understanding “理解”;comprehensible “可理解的”;comprehensive “综合的;广泛的”;under

53、standable “可以理解的”。句意:亨利的新闻报道非常详尽,几乎没有遗漏。选项C符合题意。15.单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fas

54、hion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, o

55、f course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to. And girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fash

56、ion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as

57、well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused at depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats; more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War

58、 Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, shirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as yo

59、u like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circums

60、tances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However,

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