2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号74

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Under no _ will I go there again.问题1选项A.circumstancesB.situationC.environmentD.occurrences【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”，under no circumstances“无论如何都不”；B选项situation“形势，局面”；C选项environment“环境”；D选项occurren

2、ces“发生的事情；（某事物的）发生”。句意：在任何_下我都不会再去那里了。根据语境，这里指的是在任何情况下都不会再去那里，结合词组under no circumstances“无论如何都不”，A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.翻译题Technology is a two-edged sword. Rarely is this as clear as it is in the realm of health care. Technology allows doctors to test their patients for genetic defect

3、sand then to turn around and spread the results throughout the world via the Internet. (1) For someone in need of treatment, thats good news. But for someone in search of a job or an insurance policy, the tidings can be all bad.Last week a corollary (推论) to the patients bill of rights now before Con

4、gress: a right to medical privacy. Beginning in 2002, under rules set to become law in February, patients would be able to stipulate the conditions under which their personal medical data could be divulged. They would be able to examine their records and make corrections. They could learn who else h

5、ad seen the information. (2) Improper use of records by a caregiver or insurer could result in both civil and criminal penalties. The plan was said to be an unprecedented step toward putting Americans back in control of their own medical records.(3) While the administration billed the rules as an at

6、tempt to strike a balance between the needs of consumers and those of the health-care industry, neither doctors nor insurance companies were happy. The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent

7、 if the purpose was “health-care operations”. That, physicians said, was a loophole (漏洞) through which Health Maintenance Organizations and other insurers could pry (窥探) into the doctor-patient relationship, in the name of assessing the quality of care. Meanwhile, the insurers protested that the rul

8、es would make them vulnerable to lawsuits.They were especially disturbed by a provision holding them liable for privacy breaches (违背) by “business partners” such as lawyers and accountants. Both groups agreed that privacy protections would drive up the cost of health care by at least an additional $

9、3.8 billion, and maybe much more, over the next five years. (4) They also complained about the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules enforcement rules.One aim of the rules is to reassure patients about confidentiality, thereby encouraging them to be open with their doctors. (

10、5) Today various cancers and sexually transmitted diseases can go untreated because patients are afraid of embarrassment or of losing insurance coverage. The fear is real: an official noted that a January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates found that one in six U.S. adults had at some time

11、 done something unusual to conceal medical information, such as paying cash for services.【答案】1. 对于需要治疗的人来说，这是个好消息。但对于在找工作或准备买保险的人来说，这些可能都是坏消息。2. 医护人员或保险公司不当使用医疗记录可能会招致民事和刑事处罚。3. 尽管政府声称这些规定旨在试图平衡消费者和医疗保健行业的需求，但医生和保险公司都对此不满。4. 依据新法规的执行细则，联邦政府将加大审查力度，他们也对此不满。5. 如今，各种癌症和性传播疾病都可能得不到治疗，因为患者害怕尴尬或失去保险。3.单选题

12、_ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.问题1选项A.That the sun and not the earthB.Being the sun and not the earthC.It is the sun and not the earthD.The sun and not the earth【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查主语从句。句意：在中世纪，行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这是一个很难理解的概念。句子开头到planetary system

13、是主语从句，意思是“行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球”，其中横线部分充当主语从句的主语。that引导的主语从句在句首时，that不能省略，A选项That the sun and not the earth符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。4.单选题These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.问题1选项A.unrecordingB.to have been unrecordedC.unrecordedD.to be unrecor

14、ded【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些调查表明，许多犯罪没有被警方记录下来，主要是因为并非所有的受害者都会报案。many crimes go _ by the police是indicate的宾语从句，many crimes是主语，go是系动词，横线部分是表语；根据by可知横线部分有被动含义，C选项unrecorded符合题意。A选项unrecording没有被动含义；B选项to have been unrecorded和D选项to be unrecorded用法错误。因此C选项正确。5.单选题Of the thousands of different kinds of

15、animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries

16、 of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even

17、 in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming (到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters

18、 require.All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless (倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the ani

19、mal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All s

20、orts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.1. What main idea does the author want to co

21、nvey in the first paragraph?2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably _.3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _.5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?问题1选项A.In some regio

22、ns a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.B.An animal will be useless unless domesticated.C.There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.D.Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.问题2选项A.require its master to offer some foodB.seek for food on its ownC.refuse

23、 to obey its masterD.immediately fall ill问题3选项A.There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.B.The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.C.They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.D.They have great adaptation for the environment.问题4选项A.not to a

24、llow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseB.to join some sort of pet-keeping organizationsC.not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itD.to pay attention to its proper feeding问题5选项A.The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals.B.Some Tips on Pet-keeping.C.Domesticated Animals-Mans Best

25、friend.D.Proper Diet-the Road to Health.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number.（在世界上存在的成千上万种不同的动物中，人类已经学会了与大量的动物交朋友。），可知人类和许多动物关系密切，随后举出具体的例子，D选项“人与许多

26、动物建立了密切的关系”正确。A选项“在某些地区，驴似乎是一种非常有用的牲畜”，B选项“除非被驯化，否则动物是无用的”和C选项“世界上有成千上万种动物”不是表达的重点。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.（他们指望主人满足他们的需要，只要主人满足了他们的需要，他们就满足于去做主人所要求的事

27、情。），可知家畜把所有需求的满足放在主人身上，如果不被满足，就不会服从主人，C选项“拒绝服从主人”正确，B选项“寻找食物”错误。A选项“要求它的主人给一些食物”：动物不会表达明确的要求，故错误。D选项“很快病倒”：根据第三段第三句Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull.（有些人用餐桌上的残羹剩饭来喂宠物狗或猫，然后又想知道为什么这些动物看起来无精打采。），可知缺乏营养不会让动物马上病倒，而是

28、没有精神。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的极地地区，而萨卢基则生活在中非最热的地区。），哈士奇和萨卢基分别可以在极寒和极热的地方生活，可以说明狗对环境的适应力很强，但不能说明它们是最强壮的狗，A选项“地球上生活着各种品种的狗”和D选项“他们对环境有很大的适应能力”符合文章内容，B选项“哈士奇和萨卢基是世界上已知

29、的最强壮的品种”不符合文章内容。C选项“他们可以充当人类的朋友、守卫和仆人”：根据第一段第二句Some are pets, and offer him companionship some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself.（有些是宠物，给他陪伴，有些给他保护，有些做人类自己不能做的艰苦工作。），分别对应朋友、守卫和仆人的角色，符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第三段第一句提出All domestic animals need proper f

30、ood.（所有的家畜都需要适当进食。），随后具体地说明如何适当进食，D选项“注意适当喂养”正确。A选项“不允许它进行过量的运动”：文中没有提到。B选项“加入宠物饲养组织”：根据第四段第三句All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price.（生病的动物可以得到各种各样的药物和治疗，在一些国家有组织免费或低价提供。），可知这主要是针对治病，而不是

31、保持身体健康。C选项“毫不犹豫地花大量的钱来照顾”：Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.（这些有用、友好、勤劳的动物值得为它们的健康花费一些时间、金钱和注意力。），这里指花费一些金钱而不是大量。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出人类需要家养动物，第二段讲家养动物需要人类获取住所和食物，第三段和第四段讲如何照顾家养动物，综合来看，C选项“家养动物人类最好的朋友”正确。A选项“饲养家畜

32、的优点”和B选项“养宠物的一些建议”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。D选项“正确的饮食通往健康之路”：文章不是讲饮食，而是家养动物。因此C选项正确。6.单选题The alcohol intake of Greeks is also modest _ European terms, but theyre the biggest smokers in the 15-country bloc, _ up eight times a day for every man, woman and child.问题1选项A.during, lightedB.in, lightingC.for, light

33、edD.as, lighting【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配与非谓语动词。句意：在欧洲，希腊人的饮酒量也不算高，但他们却是15国中吸烟人数最多的国家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次烟。根据固定搭配in terms of“在方面，从角度”，确定第一根横线用介词in；第二根横线考查非谓语动词，其逻辑主语和本句的主语一致，动作是主语主动发出，确定用现在分词lighting，B选项in, lighting符合题意。因此B选项正确。7.单选题The computer revolution may well change society as _ as did the Industrial Rev

34、olution.问题1选项A.fundamentallyB.comparativelyC.certainlyD.insignificantly【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项fundamentally“根本地”；B选项comparatively“相对地”；C选项certainly“无疑地”；D选项insignificantly“无关紧要地”。句意：计算机革命很可能像工业革命一样_改变社会。根据语境，这里指的是计算机革命和工业革命一样对社会的影响重大，A选项fundamentally“根本地”符合题意。题干中提到计算机革命很可能会改变社会，C选项certainly“无疑地”错误

35、。因此A选项正确。8.单选题This mountain range has many high _ and fertile valleys.问题1选项A.peaksB.hillsC.phasesD.pink【答案】B【解析】【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项peaks“山顶；顶峰”；B选项hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C选项phases“阶段”；D选项pink“粉红色”。句意：这条山脉有许多高_和肥沃的山谷。根据语境，这里指的是这条山脉包含了许多座山，B选项hills“山丘”符合题意。因此B选项正确。9.单选题It is well-known that the retired

36、 workers in our country are _ free medical care.问题1选项A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitled to“有权享有；有的资格”；B选项involved in“涉及”；C选项associated with“与有关”；D选项assigned to“被分配给”。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人_免费医疗。根据语境，这里指的是退休工人有免费医疗的权利，A选项entitled to“有权享有；有的资格”符合题意。因此A选项

37、正确。10.翻译题For many traditionalists in business and economics, the death of old-style competition as the number-one route to success will hard to swallow. But in the new view, Darwinian competition is of limited value in longer term. (1)The more important challenges is to create opportunities and adap

38、t to changes in a complex network of companies that may sometimes be cooperators sometimes competitors.Just as the idea of economic webs is forcing companies to change their business strategies, so it is altering views about economics. (2) In place of classic theory of decreasing returns as resource

39、s and markets are exploited economist Arthur sees what he calls increasing returns. “Increasing returns are the tendency for what is ahead to get farther ahead,” he says. “if a product or a company or a technologyone of many competing in a market-gets ahead by chance or clever strategy, increasing r

40、eturns can magnify this, and the product or company can make a killing from a product that is not as good as its competitors.”(3) If business systems and ecosystems have something basic in common there is worrying news for bosses. The first rule of complex systems is that it is almost impossible to

41、predict who is a friend and who is an enemy,” says Pimm. He describes field experiments in which a predator is removed from a community. You might expect its prey, species A, to thrive. (4)But about half the time species A suffers because the predator has another prey species B, competing with speci

42、es A. With the population of species B no longer kept in check by predator, it may even push species A to local extinction.Business ecosystems face problem of deciding who is a friend and who is an enemy. And the bad news doesnt stop here. “When everything is connected directly or indirectly to ever

43、ything else, changes in one part of the system may be propagated throughout,” says Pimm. (60) “Sometimes species may go extinct though no fault of their own.”【答案】1. 在复杂的企业网络中，企业之间有时合作有时竞争，更重要的挑战是创造机会并适应变化。2. 随着资源和市场的开发，传统的收益递减理论被经济学家亚瑟提出的收益递增理论取代。3. 如果商业系统和生态系统有一些基本的共同点，那么老板们就会担忧。4. 但物种A总是遭殃，因为捕食者有另

44、一个猎物物种B，而物种B与物种A竞争。5. 有时，尽管不是自身的错，物种也可能会灭绝。11.单选题_ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.问题1选项A.In spite ofB.Because ofC.But forD.As for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项In spite of“尽管”；B选项Because of“因为”；C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”；D选项As for“至于”。句意：_英语考试，上星期天我就去听音乐会了。根据语境，这里指的是因为有英语考试

45、这个缘故，我没有去听音乐会，C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12.单选题_, the more severe the winters are.问题1选项A.The more you go northB.The farther north you goC.The more north you goD.The farther you go the north【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查比较级。A选项The more you go north“去北方的次数越多”；B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”；C选项The more nor

46、th you go语法错误，more和north不放一起；D选项The farther you go the north应该是go to the north。句意：_，冬天的寒气越重。结合语境，B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”符合题意。因此B选项正确。13.单选题My mother came here only for a _ stay. She would fly to Los Angeles the next day.问题1选项A.prematureB.transientC.shortenedD.prolonged【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨

47、析。A选项premature“草率的；提早的”；B选项transient“短暂的”；C选项shortened“缩短的”；D选项prolonged“长期的”。句意：我母亲来这里_停留。第二天她将飞往洛杉矶。根据第二天就要走，可知这里指的是短暂停留，B选项transient“短暂的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。14.单选题The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.问题1选项A.had not workedB.not to workC.does not workD.did not work【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟

48、语气。句意：经理宁愿他的女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语通常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。在这里没有明确表明和女儿在同一个办公室工作的事情已经发生，而是表示将来，希望这样的事情不会发生，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去时，D选项did not work符合题意。A选项had not worked是过去完成时，用于已经发生的事情。B选项not to work和C选项does not work语法错误。因此D选项正确。15.单选题He gave us a good _ of his experience.问题1选项A.

49、demonstrationB.frequencyC.descriptionD.instruction【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项demonstration“表现，显露；游行示威”；B选项frequency“重复率”；C选项description“描述；类型”；D选项instruction“命令”。句意：他向我们很好地_了他的经历。根据语境，这里指的是分享他的经历，C选项description“描述”符合题意。因此C选项正确。16.单选题The age of gilded youth (纨绔子弟) is over. Todays under-thirties are the

50、 first generation for a century who can expect a lower living standard than their parents. Research into the lifestyles and prospects of people who were born since 1970 shows that they are likely to face a lifetime of longer working hours, lower job security and higher taxes than the previous genera

51、tion. When they leave work late in the evening, they will be more likely to return to a small rented flat than to a house of their own. When, eventually, they retire, their pensions are far lower in real terms than those of their immediate forebears.These findings are revealed in a study of the way

52、how the ageing of Britains population is affecting different generations. Anthea Tinker, professor of social gerontology at Kings College London, who carried out much of the work, said the growth of the proportion of people over 50 had reversed the traditional flow of wealth from older to younger ge

53、nerations. “Todays older middle-aged and elderly are becoming the new winners.” she said, “They made relatively small contributions in tax but now make relatively big claims on the welfare system. Generations born in the last three to four decades face the prospect of handing over more than a third

54、of their lifetimes earnings to care for them.”The surging number of older people, many living alone, has also increased demand for property and pushed up house prices. While previous generations found it easy to raise a mortgage, todays under-thirties have to live with their parents or rent. If they

55、 can afford to buy a home, it is more likely to be a flat than a house. Laura Lenox-Conyngham, 28, grew up in a large house and her mother did not need to work. Unlike her wealthy parents, she graduated with student and postgraduate loan debts of 13,000. She now earns about 20,000 a year, preparing

56、food to be photographed for magazines. Her home is a one-bedroom flat in central London and she sublets the lunge sofa-bed to her brother. “My father took pity and paid off my student debts.” she said, “But I still have no pension and no chance of buying a property for at least a couple of years-and

57、 then it will be something small in a bad area. My only hope is the traditional one of meeting a rich man.” Tinkers research reveals Lenox-Conyngham is representative of many young professionals, especially in London, Manchester, Edinburgh and Bristol.1. By saying “the growth of the proportionto you

58、nger generations” (Para. 2), Anthea Tinker really means that _.2. Why are todays older middle-aged and elderly becoming the new winners?3. Which factor pushed house prices?4. In what way does Laura Lenox-Conyngham make her living?5. We can conclude from the passage that _.问题1选项A.currently wealth flo

59、ws from old generation to younger generationB.traditionally wealth flows from younger generation to old generationC.with the increasingly big population of over 50, the trend arises that wealth flows from younger generation to old generationD.with more and more people of over 50, traditions have bee

60、n reversed问题2选项A.Because they contributed a small portion in lax but enjoy more on the welfare system.B.Because they contributed a lot in tax and now can claim much on the welfare system.C.Because they made small contributions, but now can make money easily.D.Because they outnumber younger generatio