2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号10

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.翻译题Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion

2、 of those living alone. The newest crop of singles is high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as life style choices. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light.【答案】以前独自生活的人都是一些处在婚姻生活之两端的人们20多岁的专业人员或寡居的老人。领取养老金的

3、人，特别是上了年纪的妇女，构成了独自生活人群的绝大多数；而新一批单身族则是30到40岁高收入人士，他们日益认为独自生活是一种生活方式的选择。独自生活被认为是消极的黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活则意味着温暖与光明。2.单选题The（ ） of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the country.问题1选项A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项clash“冲突，不协调”；B选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；C选项clarity“清楚，明晰

4、”；D选项clatter“ 哗啦声，嘈杂的谈笑声”。句意：泉水的（ ）吸引了这个国家其他地方的许多游客。本句表达的意思是“泉水的哗啦啦声吸引了人们的注意”，因此D选项符合题意。3.单选题（ ）money from his department, Mr. Williams would have been promoted to the position as director.问题1选项A.If he did not stealB.Had he not stolenC.Did he not stealD.Should he not steal【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。条件状语从句中的虚拟语

5、气，对过去的虚拟，had提前，省掉if，原句是：If sb. had not done sth., sb. would have done.意思是如果某人没有做，某人就会，A选项少了一个should；C选项和D选项都是疑问句的语气，排除；因此B选项符合题意。句意为：威廉姆斯先生要不是偷部门的钱，他早就被提升为主任了。4.单选题During the 19th century further advances were made, notably Bessemers process for（ ）iron into steel, which made the material more commer

6、cially viable.问题1选项A.alteringB.varyingC.convertingD.transforming【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项altering“变更”；B选项varying“相异，（根据情况）变化”；C选项converting“使改变，皈依”；D选项transforming“转化，发生巨变，发生巨大变化”。句意：在19世纪取得了进一步的进展，特别是将铁_为钢的贝西麦工艺，使这种材料更具有商业可行性。这里表达的意思是“将铁转化为钢”，因此D选项符合题意。5.单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, i

7、t must also satisfy a number of important practical（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationsB.regulationsC.observationsD.considerations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obligations“义务，债务”；B选项regulations“条例，规程”；C选项observations“观察，观察值”；D选项considerations“考虑，注意事项”。句意：虽然建筑具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实际_。本句表达的意思是，虽然具有艺术性，但是还是要满足一些重要的实际注意事项。因此D选项符合题

8、意。6.单选题In todays working world the roles of men and women are becoming（ ）.问题1选项A.dwarfedB.incorporatedC.correlatedD.blurred【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dwarfed“矮小的”；B选项incorporated“合并的”；C选项correlated“有互相关系的”；D选项blurred“模糊的，记不清的”。句意：在当今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正变得越来越（ ）。按照选项和题干的意思，可以判断出此处想要表达的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（边界）变得越来越模糊。

9、”因此D选项符合题意。7.翻译题The intimacy between man and nature begins with the birth of man on the earth and becomes each century more intelligent and far-reaching. To nature, therefore, we turn as to the oldest aim most influential teacher of our race, from one point of view once our task-master, now our serv

10、ant, from another point of view, our constant friend instructor and inspirer. The very intimacy of this relation robs it of a certain mystery and richness which it would have for all minds if it were there ward of the few instead be being the privilege of the many. To the few it is in every age, ful

11、l of wonder and beauty; to the many it is a matter of course.【答案】从地球上出现人类开始，人与自然之间的亲密关系也随之诞生，而且不断地被发扬光大，这种关系每一世纪都比以前变得更为明智而深远。所以，我们求助于自然，并把自然视为人类的最年长和最有影响力的老师。从某一个观点来看，自然曾一度是我们的监工，现在却变为我们的奴仆。但从另一个观点来看，自然一直是我们最忠实的朋友、教导者和启发者。这种和谐紧密的关系，如果仅仅是少数人的特权，而大多数人并不能享有，那便会在人们心目中引发一种神秘和情趣。但是事实上，这种亲密关系是被天下所有的人共享的，这

12、就使那和谐紧密的关系失去了神秘和情趣。对于少数人来说，这种关系在每个时代都充满了奇妙和美好；对于多数人来说，这种关系只是理所当然的一件事。8.单选题Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,（1）into a hobby and lately has（2）into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, PhD candidates（3）Electrical Engineering at

13、Stanford University, started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep（4）of their personal interest on the Internet. Before long they（5）that their home brewed lists were becoming too long and（6）. Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo.During 1994, they（7）yahoo into a customized d

14、atabase designed to（8）the needs of the thousands of users（9）began to use the service through the closely（10）Internet community. They developed customized software to help them（11）locate identify and edit material（12）on the Internet. The name Yahoo is（13）to stand for “Yet another Hierarchical Officio

15、us Orale”, but Filo and Yang insist they selected the（14）because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first（15）on Yangs workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was（16）on Filos computer “Konishiki.”In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View,

16、California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files（17）to larger computers（18）at Netscape. As a result Stanfords computer network returned to（19）, and both parties benefited. Today, Yahoo （20）organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.问题1选项A.becameB.grewC.turnD.inten

17、d问题2选项A.madeB.sawC.lookedD.turned问题3选项A.inB.onC.aboutD.for问题4选项A.touchB.contactC.trackD.record问题5选项A.foundedB.foundC.arguedD.reported问题6选项A.unwieldyB.toughC.tamableD.invaluable问题7选项A.exchangedB.shankC.soldD.converted问题8选项A.explainB.serveC.discoverD.evaluate问题9选项A.whichB.thatC.actuallyD.eagerly问题10选项

18、A.relativeB.interactiveC.boundD.contacted问题11选项A.fluentlyB.efficientlyC.exactlyD.actually问题12选项A.transmittedB.purchasedC.soldD.stored问题13选项A.aboutB.boundC.goingD.supposed问题14选项A.fableB.modeC.nameD.brand问题15选项A.supportedB.residedC.livedD.linked问题16选项A.connectedB.lodgedC.introducedD.linked问题17选项A.over

19、B.awayC.insideD.beneath问题18选项A.housedB.caughtC.hosedD.hidden问题19选项A.averageB.normalC.ordinaryD.equal问题20选项A.attainsB.detainsC.maintainsD.contains【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:B第12题:D第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:B第17题:A第18题:A第19题:B第20题:A【解析】1.考查动词词组辨析。A选项“变成，成为”；B选项“发展为”；C选项“转

20、变成”，D选项“想要，意指”，句意：就像计算机时代的许多其他方面一样，雅虎一开始只是一个想法，后来_了一种爱好。A选项是一个中性词，用于意义好、坏两方面的变化都可以；B选项更侧重强调结果；C选项时态不对；D选项词组含义不适合语境，因此B选项符合题意。2.考查动词词组辨析。A选项“把制成”；B选项“调查，观察的性质”；C选项“调查，观察”；D选项“变成，转变成”，句意：与计算机时代的许多其他方面一样，雅虎一开始只是一个想法，后来变成了一种爱好，最近又（ ）一种全职的热情。本句表示的是“变成了一种全职的热情”，因此D选项符合题意。3.考查固定搭配。A选项“在内”；B选项“在之上”；C选项“关于”；

21、D选项“为了”，句意：雅虎的两名开发人员大卫费罗和杨致远是（ ）斯坦福大学电子工程专业的博士生。而表示某个修某个具体专业的人，要用in Electrical Engineering表示，因此A选项符合题意。4.考查固定搭配。A选项“保持联系”；B选项“保持联系”；C选项“记录，与保持联系”；D选项“保持的记录”，句意：1994年4月开始他们的指南，作为一种在互联网上（ ）个人兴趣的方式。本句表示“记录个人的兴趣爱好”，因此C选项符合题意。5.考查动词辨析。A选项“建立”；B选项“发现”；C选项“争论，争辩”，D选项“报道”，句意：不久之后，他们（ ）自己自制的清单变得太长，太不实用了。本句表示

22、“发现自己的清单太长”，因此B选项符合题意。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项“笨拙的，笨重的”；B选项“艰难的，粗糙的”；C选项“可驯服的”；D选项“无价的，非常贵重的”，句意：不久之后，他们发现自己自制的清单变得太长，太（ ）了。本句想要表达的是“清单太长太笨重”，因此A选项符合题意。7.考查动词辨析。A选项“交换”；B选项“（花等）从病梗上枯萎脱落”；C选项“卖”；D选项“转变，改变”，句意：在1994年，他们把雅虎（ ）一个定制的数据库。本句表示“把雅虎变成一个”，因此D选项符合题意。8.考查动词辨析。A选项“解释”；B选项“为服务，招待”；C选项“发现，发觉”；D选项“评价，估价”，句意：在

23、1994年，他们把yahoo转换成一个定制的数据库，以（ ）成千上万用户的需求。而serve the need是固定搭配，表示“满足某人的需求”，因此B选项符合题意。9.考查定语从句。A选项“哪个是（引导非限制性定语从句）”；B选项“那个”；C选项“实际上”；D选项“热情地”，句意为：用户（ ）开始通过紧密联系的互联网社区使用这项服务。这里考查的是定语从句，A选项不能用于主语为人的定语从句，排除；C和D不是定语从句的关联词，排除；当先行词为人时，可以用that作关系代词，因此B选项符合题意。10.考查名词辨析。A选项“亲戚，相关物”；B选项“交互，交互式的”；C选项“跳跃，限制”；D选项“交往

24、，接触”，句意：通过紧密（ ）的互联网社区开始使用这项服务的用户。closely bound意为“紧密相连”，因此C选项符合题意。11.考查副词辨析。A选项“流利地”；B选项“有效地，效率高地”；C选项“恰好地，正好”；D选项“实际上，事实上”，句意：他们开发了定制软件，帮助他们（ ）定位、识别和编辑存储在互联网上的材料。本句想表达的含义应该是“高效的定位”，因此B选项符合题意。12.考查动词辨析。A选项“传输，传送”；B选项“购买”；C选项“卖”；D选项“储存，储藏”，句意：他们开发了定制软件，帮助他们有效地定位、识别和编辑（ ）在互联网上的材料。根据句意应该是“储存在互联网上的资料”，因此

25、D选项符合题意。13.考查固定搭配。A选项“关于”；B选项“界限，边界”；C选项“离开，离去”；D选项“认定，据说”，句意：Yahoo这个名字（ ）来代表“又一个层级官话”。be supposed to“应该”，根据句意可知，要表达的含义是“这个名字应该是代表”，因此D选项符合题意。14.考查名词辨析。A选项“寓言，无稽之谈”；B选项“模式，方式”；C选项“名字，姓名”；D选项“品牌”，句意：但是Filo和Yang坚持说他们挑选了这个（ ）因为他们认为自己就是Yahoo。根据上文可知Yahoo是他们网站的名字，因此C选项符合题意。15.考查动词辨析。A选项“支持”；B选项“居住，存在”；C选项

26、“活着，居住”；D选项“相关联”，句意：雅虎首先（ ）的是杨的工作站。reside on“驻留于”，是原文要表达的含义，因此B选项符合题意。16.考查动词辨析。A选项“链接”；B选项“存放，保管”；C选项“介绍”；D选项“相关联”，句意：而搜索引擎（ ）在Filo的电脑里。这里是用了拟人的手法，表示搜索引擎暂时是在Filo的电脑里借住（运行），因此B选项符合题意。17.考查动词词组辨析。A选项“搬到”，此处over表示经过一段距离”；B选项“搬离”；C选项“搬进”，后面不用再加介词to；D选项“搬到下面”，句意：邀请Filo和Yang讲他们的文件（ ）更大的空间去。这里的“搬”是有距离的，并且

27、是搬到某个地方，因此A选项符合题意。18.考查动词辨析。A选项“给房子住”；B选项“抓”；C选项“用水管淋浇”；D选项“藏”，句意：邀请Filo和Yang将他们的文件转移（ ）到网景公司更大的电脑上。这里也是用了拟人的手法，给这些文件住的地方（储存它们），因此A选项符合题意。19.考查形容词辨析。A选项“平均的”；B选项“正常的，正规的”；C选项“普通的”；D选项“平等的”，句意：之后，斯坦福的电脑（ ）。return to normal“恢复正常”，因此B选项符合题意。20.考查动词辨析。A选项“获得”；B选项“留住，扣押”；C选项“留住，阻止”；D选项“包含”，句意：Yahoo从互联网上的

28、上万台计算机中（ ）信息。根据原文的信息，我们知道Yahoo是获取信息，而不是储存或是留住，因此A选项符合题意。9.单选题The East and the West can work together for their（ ）benefit and progress.问题1选项A.commonB.mutualC.sameD.cooperative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项common“普通的；一般的”，B选项mutual“共同的；相互的，彼此的”，C选项same“同样的；一样的”，D选项cooperative“合作的；合作社的”；原句：东西方可以为各自的（ ）利益和进步而共同努力

29、。通过带入A、B、C、D可以发现，句子想要表达的意思是：共同的利益，而mutual是最能体现这个含义的，它有各自为战，却又有共同之处的含义，因此B选项符合题意。10.单选题This problem should be discussed first for it takes（ ） over all the other issues.问题1选项A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precedence“优先，居先”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项presumption“放肆，傲慢

30、”；D选项probability“可能性，机率”。句意：这个问题应该（ ）讨论，因为它比其他问题都重要。本句表示的是“这个问题应该优先讨论”，因此A选项符合题意。11.单选题The neighbors do not consider him quite（ ）as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing.问题1选项A.respectedB.respectiveC.respectfulD.respectable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；C

31、选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相当数量的”。句意：邻居们认为他不（ ），因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D选项符合题意。12.翻译题互联网使我的工作方便多了。我可以通过电子邮件撰写、编辑并提交我的文章；在网上与我的同事聊天，与老板讨论工作。我用鼠标一击，马上就能拿到我要的一切资料，获得最新的消息。可是，另一方面，用网络通信有时也令人沮丧。系统有可能瘫痪。更糟的是，因为没有面对面交谈的情感提示，键出的词有时似乎很难理解。【答案】The Internet has made my

32、 job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The syste

33、m may crash. Worst still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.13.单选题W. Somerset Maugham afterwards walked the wards of St. Thomass Hospital（ ）practicing in medicine.问题1选项A.with a view toB.with regards toC.with the aim atD.wi

34、th the object for【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项with a view to“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以为目的”，表示会尽力去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项with regards to“关于，至于”；C选项with the aim at“为了”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D选项with the object for“目的是”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（ ）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符

35、合题意。14.单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.问题1选项A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“同盟，同盟国”；B选项“代表，委派”；C选项“选民”；D选项“陪审团，评委会”；题干中electorate“选民，选区”，句意：英国首相布莱尔向选民承诺，如果不试图赢得联合国的进一步制裁

36、，就不会开枪。因此C选项符合题意。15.单选题Insurance in respect of the property will be affected by the Society in accordance with the Rules and the mortgage conditions. The Society has a wide experience of insurance companies as the Society may determine and places insurance with many companies who are able to provide

37、 a cover which the society considers necessary. You may like the Society to insure with a particular company, and if so please contact immediately the Branch Office to which you submitted your application for loan, and so long as that company and its terms are acceptable to the Society the cover wil

38、l be arranged accordingly. If you should suggest a company and it is not one with which the Society does business you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies. Your may request change of insurances Company at any time during the life of the mortgage. If your mortgage is under the end

39、owment scheme or supported by an insurance guarantee or if the documents of title specify the company to be used it may not be possible to accept your choice.The initial sum insured will be the figure shown under the heading “Amount of Property Insurance” in Details of Loan. This figure is the amoun

40、t recommended by the Societys value, as his estimates of the replacement cost of the building at the date of valuation, unless some other amount has been agreed in writing between you and Society. No warranty is given or implied that the amount of insurance will cover complete loss.You are reminded

41、that the market value of your property bears no relationship to the cost, at the time of replacement. The amount for which the property is insured should therefore represent not less than the cost, at the time of repair or replacement, or rebuilding all the property covered in the same materials, fo

42、rm, style and condition as when it is new. It should also include any architects, surveyors and legal fees which may be payable and any costs which may be insured in complying with the requirements of the Local Authority and in removing debris (残骸), etc. The term “property” includes domestic outbuil

43、ding, garages, walls, landlords fixtures and fittings etc., but excludes the value of the land.The market value of a house is therefore likely to be less than the cost of rebuilding, especially if the property is elderly. Even if the property is recently built, the work involved in reinstatement wil

44、l be more expensive than the building cost which can be achieved by a builder building on an estate basis.1.The passage appears to be from（ ）.2.The tone of this passage could best be described as（ ）.3.According to the passage if the customer suggests an insurance company（ ）.4.The passage states that

45、 when you insure your property（ ）.5.The passage implies that rebuilding a property costs more than its market value（ ）.问题1选项A.an advertisementB.an information bookletC.a newspaper articleD.a formal speech问题2选项A.academicB.light-heartedC.formalD.subjective问题3选项A.it is impossible to change that company

46、 later onB.the Society will provide a list of alternative companiesC.the Society will not accept responsibility for the policyD.the Society may not be able to agree to the company问题4选项A.you should not take the land value into account.B.you should use the market value as a guideC.you should take the

47、advice of our Local AuthorityD.garages and garden sheds are not usually included问题5选项A.only if the property is oldB.particularly if the property is newC.whatever the age of the propertyD.because of rising building cost【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。本文讲述的是有关财产保险的情况。文章就如何办理保险、怎样确定保险公司、涉及房产保险

48、时如何估价等一系列问题提供了大量有用的信息，因此可以判断，文章内容应该是节选于有关保险的信息手册，因此B选项“一个信息小册子”正确。A选项“广告”；C选项“报纸上的文章”以及D选项“正式的演说”都不正确。2.判断推理题。因为本文是一篇科普类型的文章，为读者提供了大量相关的信息，例如第一段有提到 The Society has a wide experience of insurance companies as the Society may determine and places insurance with many companies who are able to provide a

49、 cover which the society considers necessary.（本协会在保险公司方面有着广泛的经验，因为本协会可以确定并向许多能够提供必要保险的公司提供保险。）可以看出这篇文章应该是用非常正式的语气在为读者解惑的，因此C选项正确。A选项“学术的”，不妥；B选项“轻松的，无忧无虑的”，也不是原文的语气；D选项“主观的”，这是一篇科普文，因此不会是主观态度的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段的第四句If you should suggest a company and it is not one with which the Society does busi

50、ness you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies.（如果你建议一家公司，而该公司不是与协会有业务往来的公司，你会得到通知，并可以选择其他公司。）因为有协调的可能性，因此说明确实会存在保险协会不同意客户选择保险公司的情况，D选项“该协会可能无法同意该公司的意见”正确。A选项“之后更换公司是不可能的”，在第一段you will be informed and offered a choice of other companies（你会得到通知，并可以选择其他公司），说明是可以换公司的；B选项“协会将提供一份可供选择的

51、公司名单”不全面；C选项“协会将不承担该政策的责任”，保险协会要根据客户选定的保险公司与自己是否有业务合作来判断是否同意这家公司为客户进行投保，因此C不正确。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的最后一句but excludes the value of the land（但不包括土地价值），因此A选项“你不应该把土地价值考虑在内”正确。B选项“你应该以市场价值为指导”，在第三段的第一句You are reminded that the market value of your property bears no relationship to the cost, at the time of

52、 replacement.（请注意，你的物业的市场价值与重置时的成本无关。）因此B错误；C选项“你应该采纳我们当地当局的建议”在倒数第二段complying with the requirements of the Local Authority（可能是被保险人遵守当地政府的要求），并没有说从Local Authority（当地当局）那里得到建议，因此C选项错误；D选项“车库和花园棚屋通常不包括在内”，定位到倒数第二段The term “property” includes.garages, wall, landlords fixtures and fittings etc., but exc

53、ludes the value of the land（“财产”一词包括住宅附属建筑、车库、墙壁、业主的固定装置及设备等，但不包括土地价值），可见D选项表达与原文矛盾。5.事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段The market value of a house is therefore likely to be less than the cost of rebuilding.a builder building on an estate basis.（因此，房屋的市场价值很可能低于重建成本，特别是如果房屋是老房子的话。即使房产是最近建造的，修复工作的费用也会比建筑商按地产建造的建筑成本更昂贵

54、）说明无论房屋的使用年限长短，其重建价值都会高于市场价值，因此C选项“无论财产的年龄”正确。同时A选项“除非房子是旧的”和B选项“特别是当房产是新的时候”错误；D选项“因为不断上涨的建筑成本”与题干没有关系。16.单选题Contemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities. References to software usually indicate a set of instructions. A broa

55、der application of the term includes any no hardware element of a computer system: programs, written documentation to accompany programs, flow charts, and user manuals, for example. The latter use of the term is rare.Software is now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and ven

56、dors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed software). Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.Early computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or u

57、sing software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired form the computer system. Users of medium to large scale computer system. Still rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.Large to medium scale computer

58、manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs. These packages have represented significant portions of the purchases or lease price of systems.The microcomputer revolution in the

59、early 1980s brought with it the concept of the commercial software publisher (software house). Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous. Major hardware manufacturer

60、s began to market software produced by these software specialists with the systems. The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. Because of the ease with which users could duplicate software, software prices remained high. Yet, these high prices