2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号23

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The famous inventor was awarded an （ ） doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honorableB.honoraryC.honoredD.honorific【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的, 光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的, 名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉

2、博士学位。选项B符合句意。2.单选题He has little trouble （ ） the tires of his car.问题1选项A.to fixB.fixC.fixingD.with fixing【答案】C【解析】特殊用法。have trouble后接动名词, 表示“在方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。3.单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ） populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.hi

3、ghly【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。4.单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, （ ） traffic delays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accounting forC.allowing forD.acknowledging【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得起”;account for“对.负有责任，对.作出解释”，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我

4、们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。5.单选题The manufacturer was forced to return the money to the consumers under （ ） of law.问题1选项A.guidelineB.definitionC.constraintD.identity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。guideline“指导方针”;definition“定义, 解说”;constraint“约束, 强制”;identity“身份, 特性, 一致”。句意:生产商迫于法律的约束不得不把钱退还给客户。选项C符合句意。6.单选题After four year

5、s in the same job his enthusiasms finally （ ） .问题1选项A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.dissipatedD.drained【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated恶化,变质；dissipated消散,浪费；drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste，drain相当于use too much，所以选项D更恰当。7.单选题A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a b

6、ridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量， 收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。death t

7、oll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。8.单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。9.单选题The torch was （ ） by a famou

8、s athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。10.单选题The company will （ ） to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.问题

9、1选项A.retainB.alterC.adhereD.abandon【答案】C【解析】动词搭配。retain”保持, 记住”;alter“改变, 更改”;adhere“坚持, 追随”, 一般与to连用;abandon“抛弃, 遗弃”。句意:无论过程中会付出多大的代价, 这家公司都将坚持其协议。选项C符合句意。11.单选题The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original （ ） .问题1选项A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。consi

10、deration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断, 辨别力”;estimate“估计, 判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。12.单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。a

11、miable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。13.单选题The senator agrees that his support of the action would （ ） his chances for reelection.问题1选项A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish【答案】C

12、【解析】近义词词义辨析。obscure“使模糊不清, 掩盖”;mystify“使迷惑, 使困惑”;jeopardize“危及, 危害, 使陷危地”;distinguish“区分, 辨别, 使杰出”。句意:参议员承认他支持这次行动会影响他再次获选的机会。选项C符合语境。14.单选题The liberal arts education asks that we confront our unexamined world view with historical understanding, new theories and intercultural （ ） .问题1选项A.prospectsB.

13、perspectivesC.aspectsD.respects【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬, 尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体, 指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体, 指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。15.单选题R

14、eporters and photographers alike took great （ ） at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth.表示“对.感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。16.单选题Hotel rooms must be （ ） by noon, but lug

15、gage may be left with the porter.问题1选项A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。depart“离开，出发”;abandon“放弃，遗弃”;vacate“空出，腾出”;displace“取代，转移”。句意:旅馆的房间必须在中午前空出来，但行李可以交给行李搬运工。选项C符合句意。17.单选题Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to （ ） myself of every chance to improve my En

16、glish.问题1选项A.assureB.informC.availD.notify【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。18.单选题Difficult as it is, English study is in the long run （ ） to a learner in his or her career development.问题1选项A.rewardingB.advantageousC.profitableD.earning【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。rewardin

17、g“有益的, 值得的, 有报酬的”;advantageous“有利的, 有益的”;profitable“有利可图的, 赚钱的”;earning “收入, 所赚的钱”。尽管英语学习很困难, 但从长远来看, 它对于学习者的职业发展来说是值得的。选项A符合语境。19.单选题Recently the newspapers have reported several （ ） on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.问题1选项A.accidentsB.incidentsC.eventsD.happenings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故

18、, 交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A和D；选项B含有“事变”的意思，更符合语境，所以正确。20.单选题Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss （ ） the bread-winners death.问题1选项A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake of【答案】C

19、【解析】副词词义辨析。at the cost of以.为代价；on the verge of濒临于，接近于；as a result of因此，由于；for the sake of为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障, 以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。21.单选题Donations are needed to （ ） our child-care programs.问题1选项A.implementB.validateC.strengthenD.approve【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，实现；validate证实，确认；strengthe

20、n加强，巩固；approve批准，赞成。句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。选项A符合句意。22.单选题The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from（ ） in all directions.问题1选项A.interferingB.dispersingC.spreadingD.distracting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散开；spread传播；distr

21、act转移，分心。句意：麦克风使声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。选项B符合句意。23.单选题Complete silence is found only in laboratories called anechoic rooms. The walls and ceilings, made of blocks of special sound-sucking materials, are more than three feet thick, while floor coverings are six-foot layers of feathers or

22、 cotton wool. Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off, yet scientists get used to this and stay in these silent rooms for hours at a time, using microphones and electronic equipment to test the various materials being develo

23、ped to make the world a less noisy place.Architects have used scientific discoveries to solve noise problem in a number of ways. Walls are hollowed (having empty space inside) and then filled with sound-sucking materials similar to cotton wool. Extra-thick carpets cover the floors, and thick woolen

24、curtains cover the windows. Air conditioning and heating channels are made less noisy by sound-sucking materialsUnfortunately, these techniques and others often work too well in some buildings. Noise-proof rooms become almost anechoic and people living in them are disturbed by the lack of soundOne w

25、ay of handling this problem is to use what they call “sound perfume” artificial (similarly produced, made by man) noise is piped to rooms through small loudspeakers.1.Scientists use anechoic room for（ ） .2.The writer implies that （ ） .3.People suffer in anechoic rooms probably because （ ） .4.The art

26、icle suggests that （ ） .问题1选项A.measuring noise levels of steelworksB.measuring blocks of feathersC.testing sound-absorbing materialsD.testing electronic equipment问题2选项A.untrained people can not stay long in anechoic roomsB.performing experiments in anechoic rooms can be a frightening experienceC.arc

27、hitects make practical use of the information gathered by scientistsD.scientists do not care for noise problem问题3选项A.they are allowed to move and speakB.they are used lo hearing noise around themC.the greater air pressure hurts their earsD.all of the above问题4选项A.loudspeakers are as important as soun

28、d-proofing materialsB.anechoic rooms will be included in all new buildingsC.scientific devices are sometimes too successfulD.all of the above【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“.scientists get used to . test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.”科学家习惯待

29、在这些安静的房间里数小时，使用麦克风和电子设备来测试各种减少噪音的材料。选项C符合原文。2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off.”这里的安静对于耳朵来说是痛苦的，就好像钢铁厂里或者火箭发射时所产生的连续不断的噪音。由此可推断，在这种环境下做实验是非常可怕的经历。所以选项B正确。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段第二一句“people living in them are di

30、sturbed by the lack of sound.”住在里面的人因为没有声音而感到不安。人们在消音室里觉得很痛苦是因为人们不习惯周围一点儿噪音都没有，所以选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，住在完全消音的房间里，人们往往会因为没有声音而感到不安，这时候就可以使用人造噪音通过小喇叭传到房间里。也就是说扬声器和隔音材料同样重要。选项A正确。选项C是事实，不是文章给出的建议，所以不选。24.单选题Nobody knows what triggered the event, which （ ） a million cubic meters of water per seco

31、nd, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France.问题1选项A.relievedB.releasedC.restoredD.retained【答案】B【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve“解除, 减轻”;release“释放, 发射”;restore“恢复, 修复”;retain“保持, 记住”。句意:谁也不知道是什么引发了这次事件, 它每秒释放一百万立方米的水, 冲毁了英法之间的屏障。选项B符合此处语境。25.单选题When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immed

32、iately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.pervadedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。26.写作题Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. They shout at us from

33、the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night. What do you think of the flood of advertising make any contribution to our society? For this part you are

34、 to write a composition on the topic If There Were No Advertisements. You should illustrate your viewpoints on advertisement in no less than 200 words. 【答案】27.单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequently

35、C.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。28.单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime histo

36、ry of any countryfrom 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly

37、 probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farmingat most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in

38、 manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 y

39、ears hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitiveor even to remain “d

40、eveloped.” The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United Stales is experien

41、cing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization” or “automation”. This is actually more a change in termino

42、logy than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three yearsfar more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we a

43、re facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machinesthat is, by the products of knowledge.1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ） .2.American politicians and labor lenders tend to dislike（ ） .3.According to the author,

44、in the coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .4.This passage may have been excerpted from（ ） .问题1选项A.the degree to which a countrys production is robotizedB.a reduction in a countrys manufacturing industriesC.a worsening relationship between la

45、bor and managementD.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2选项A.confusion in manufacturing economyB.an increase in blue-collar work forceC.internal competition in manufacturing productionD.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题3选项A.reduce the percentage of the bl

46、ue-collar work forceB.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competitionC.accelerate motor-can manufacturing in Henry Fords styleD.solve the problem of unemployment问题4选项A.a magazine about capital investmentB.an article on automationC.a motor-car magazineD.an article on global economy【答案】第1题:A第2

47、题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.信息推理题。根据第四段第三句“One is the acceleration . “robotization” or “automation”.”知识和资本开始加速替代体力劳动。几十年前我们谈论机械化，现在我们谈论“机器人化”或“自动化”。由此可以推断，制造业劳动力的变化说明了一个国家生产的自动化程度。制造业劳动力越少，自动化程度越高，反之亦然。所以选项A正确。2.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国政治家和劳动力领袖不喜欢一种结论，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年内不大幅增加制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，那么它就不可能

48、保持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。而这必然会导致失业，这是美国政治家和劳动力领袖不希望看到的，所以选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段的内容可知，在未来25年内，行业或者国家需要在保证制造业产量的同时削减蓝领劳动力。选项A符合原文。4.主旨推断题。文章主要讲的是随着工业化的发展，机器也就是人类知识的产物将会取代劳动力。所以文章最有可能是关于全球经济的，选项D正确。选项B太片面，文章不仅仅是讲自动化，劳动力应与经济相关，所以不选B。29.单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） further re

49、search and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。30.单选题Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt （ ） b

50、ut lonely.问题1选项A.nothingB.anythingC.allD.everything【答案】B【解析】不定代词的用法。nothing but只有，只不过；anything but根本不，绝不；all but几乎，差一点儿；没有everything but的用法，排除。句意：他独自一个人在一所废弃的房子里，忙于研究工作，一点儿也不感到孤独。选项B符合句意。31.单选题Both television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a stand

51、ard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语境。32.单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that （ ） we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.

52、at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。at large“详尽的”;at ease“安逸, 舒适”;at random“随便地, 任意地”;at intervals“不时地, 间断地”。句意:讨论时间太长, 使人精疲力竭, 我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。选项D符合句意。33.单选题His heart （ ）with excitement as he was waiting for the reception by the leaders.问题1选项A.flappedB.flourishedC.flushedD.f

53、luttered【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。flap“拍打, 扔, 飘动”;flourish“繁荣, 活跃, 夸耀”;flush“发红, 使激动”;flutter“扑动, 震颤”。句意:在等待领导接见时, 他激动得心怦怦直跳。选项D符合句意。34.单选题These small companies now have their own（ ）identity.问题1选项A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的, 小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;分居的”;

54、isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。35.单选题They advised their clients to （ ） with another company.问题1选项A.mergeB.engageC.emergeD.submerge【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。merge with合并，与.联合；engage with交战，与.接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。 36.单选题Green means healthy outside of hospitals,

55、too. Office workers with nature views are more （1 ）about their jobs, less frustrated, in better health and more satisfied with their （2 ） , according to one study. According to another, prison inmates whose cells looked out on farm fields needed far less health care than those whose cells faced a （3

56、 ） internal courtyard. Psychologists have found that exposure （4 ） trees, streams and other natural features improves concentration, creativity and emotional functioning. In one study. Frances Kuo, PhD, a psychologist who （5 ） the Landscape and Human Health Laboratory at the University of Illinois,

57、and her colleagues showed that 20-minute walks across leafy city parks eases ADHD （6 ） in kids. A few years ago, Kuo and her research partners tested children in a high-rise Chicago public-housing project to see if a view of nature from their apartments helped them psychologically. （7 ） with girls w

58、ho looked out on brick and asphalt, girls who saw trees from their windows concentrated better, acted less （8 ） and were more able to delay gratification. That （9 ） better self-discipline, Kuo says, which could help girls better handle the （10 ） that come their way as they grow up in the projects. T

59、he Illinois researchers also showed that areas of the public-housing project with trees and grass had lower levels of crime, （11 ） violence, noise, litter and graffiti (涂鸦). “When you put all these things together, its a picture of a healthier neighborhood,” Kuo say. Greener neighborhoods may even i

60、mprove the （12 ） physical health of their residents. Dutch scientists cross checked the self-reported health of 10, 000 people with the greenness of their neighborhoods. After （13 ） for their income, age and other factors that affect health, they found that people in greener neighborhoods were healt