2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号99

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题If you say that something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or, tolerated because it is extremely bad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineff

2、ective无效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原谅的；inexplicable费解的。句意：如果你说某件事是不可原谅的, 你是在强调它是不合理的或不能容忍的, 因为它是极其糟糕的。选项C更符合语境。2.单选题The garden looked as if it _ for years.问题1选项A.wasnt wateredB.didnt waterC.hasnt wateredD.hadnt been watered【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：这花园看起来多年未浇水。looked为一般过去时，浇水的动作发生在过去的过去，侧重未浇水的结果，用过去完成时；结合花园被浇水确定用

3、被动语态，D选项hadnt been watered符合题意。因此D选项正确。3.单选题Whatever the causes, the English by the end of the year 2050 will have been more widely spoken and written than any other language _.问题1选项A.ever wasB.had ever beenC.would ever beD.has ever been【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。will h

4、ave been是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项has ever been符合题意。A选项ever was是一般过去时，B选项had ever been是过去完成时，C选项would ever be是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。4.单选题Most staff in this office did not like the manageress, for she was known to be sly, selfish and（ ）.问题1选项A.manifestedB.manipulativeC.

5、conscientiousD.controversial【答案】B【解析】manifested显然的；manipulative操纵的；conscientious认真的；controversial有争议的。根据句意可知, 填空处应填入和sly,selfish意思相近的贬义词, 所以选项B更符合语境。5.单选题At the height of the financial crisis, all they could do was _ and hope that conditions would improve.问题1选项A.hold onB.get alongC.get onD.look on【答

6、案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项hold on“坚持；稍等”；B选项get along“与和睦相处”；C选项get on“继续做；开始做”；D选项look on“把当作”。句意：在金融危机最严重的时候，他们能做的只有_，并希望情况会有所改善。they和横线处构成主谓关系，在金融危机时，只有A选项hold on“坚持”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6.单选题In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only

7、 about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.The great storms that hit the coast star

8、t as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward throug

9、h it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.The average life of a hurricane is only a

10、bout nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricanes rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a h

11、urricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the seathe mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.1. When is a

12、storm considered to be a hurricane?2. The underlined “innocent circling disturbances” in Paragraph 2 means _.3. The underlined “it” in “moves upward through it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.4. Strong winds are produced because of _.5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?问题1选项A.When it i

13、s accompanied by wind.B.When it is accompanied by both wind and rain.C.When its circling winds move at 75 miles per hour or even more.D.When the circling winds bring damages.问题2选项A.innocent people causing small disturbancesB.innocent people causing big disturbancesC.damaging circling windsD.harmless

14、 circling winds问题3选项A.a disturbanceB.moist airC.trade windD.water问题4选项A.the young hurricaneB.the heat generated along with rainC.a disturbanceD.moist air问题5选项A.The Hurricaneits harms and benefits.B.The origin and effects of hurricane.C.The hurricane and its great energy.D.The disasters caused by hur

15、ricanes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。精确定位根据题干定位到第一段第二句Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件。），可知C选项“当旋风以至少每小时75英里的速度移动时”正确。排除干扰项A选项“当有风时”：当风速达到一定程度才能算飓风

16、，属于偷换概念。B选项“当风雨交加时”：是否有雨不是判断是否为飓风的条件，属于无中生有。D选项“当旋风带来损害时”：这是飓风的影响而非定义，属于偷换概念。2.词汇推断题。1. 句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第一句The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）2. 上下文语义衔接下文提到旋风开始在海面游移，当暖空气中的水分变成雨，随着热量

17、增加，风开始逆时针旋转形成飓风。综上，这里指的是旋风在真正转化成飓风之前不会带来损害，D选项“无害的旋风”正确。排除干扰项A选项“无恶意之人造成轻微的干扰”和B选项“无恶意之人造成严重的干扰”：这里说的是大自然中的飓风，跟人没有关系，属于无中生有。C选项“破坏性的旋风”：风远离海岸时强度没有那么大，不会造成损害，属于反向干扰。3.词汇推断题。句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第三句When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward

18、through it and comes out at the top.（如果条件成熟，温暖潮湿的空气流入这股风暴的底部，在风暴内向上运动，又从顶部流出。）这里讲的是湿热空气的运动轨迹，主语是air，谓语动词是flows、moves和comes，宾语是disturbance，it指的是前面的disturbance，A选项disturbance“干扰”正确。排除干扰项B选项“潮湿的空气”：湿热的空气是主语，是动作的发出者，而不是承受者，属于曲解原文。C选项“信风”：对应第二段第二句they are carried westward by the trade winds（信风把它们吹向西边），这里

19、指的是风暴在海面游移的时候，信风改变风向，而不是纵向运动，属于张冠李戴。D选项“水”：对应第二段第四句In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain（在这过程中，暖空气中的水分生成雨），这里阐述水分如何变成雨水，没有讲水的运动轨迹，属于张冠李戴。4.推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第二段倒数第二句In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in

20、the form of strong winds.（在这过程中，热空气中的水分生成雨，随着温度上升，会以狂风的形式转化为能量。）可知热量促成雨水的生成，也产生狂风，B选项“带来雨的热量”正确。排除干扰项A选项“刚产生的飓风”：对应到第二段最后一句As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.（随着热量的增加，刚产生的飓风开始以逆时针旋转。），这里所指的飓风就是狂风的升级版，属于偷换概念。C选项“干扰”：这里的干扰指的是狂风的雏形阶段，是狂风本身，属于偷换概念。D选

21、项“湿气”：湿气变成雨水，湿气本身不能形成狂风，属于张冠李戴。5.主旨大意题。1. 首尾段核心句首段第一句提出现象吸引读者：In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas.（每年下半年，在热带的大西洋和加勒比海经常有大风暴。）；第二句讲述飓风的产生情况：Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per ho

22、ur or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast.（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件，其中有几个通常会到达海岸。）；第三句讲述飓风的影响：There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.（它们造成海岸上数百万美元的损失和大量死亡。）。尾段第一句but it contains almo

23、st more power than we can imagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）讲的是飓风的影响。由此推断全文的主旨应是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。2. 分析文章的行文结构本文的结构是总分，第一段概括全文，第二、三段分别讲述飓风的形成和影响，因此B选项正确。3. 梳理各段核心句第一段：引出飓风的话题，简单介绍飓风的产生和影响。第二段：第一句The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea

24、.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）引出这段的主要内容，讲述飓风的形成过程。第三段：第一句but it contains almost more power than we can imagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）是段总述句，这一段讲述飓风有什么力量。综上，全文主旨是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。排除干扰项A选项“飓风其危害和好处”：关键词harms and benefits分别对应第三段第二句satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six m

25、onths和第三段第三句main source of death and destruction in a hurricane，这都是第三段的内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。C选项“飓风及其巨大能量”：关键词great energy对应第三段第一句it contains almost more power than we can imagine，这里的power指的是好处和危害，只出现在第三段，属于以偏概全。D选项“飓风的危害”：disasters对应第三段第三句main source of death and destruction in a hurricane，也属于以偏概全。7.翻译

26、题The term education can be applied to primitive culture only in the sense of enculturation, which is the process of cultural transmission. A primitive person, whose culture is the totality of his universe, has a relatively fixed sense of cultural continuity and timelessness. The model of life is rel

27、atively static and absolute, and it is transmitted from on generation to another with little deviation. As for prehistoric education, it can only be inferred from educational practices in surviving primitive cultures. The purpose of primitive education is thus guide children to become good members o

28、f their tribe or band.Historically all cultures and societies have provided some form of “education”, formal and informal. Whether we are discussing informal education of a demonstration variety or the highly ritualized and formal mechanisms of a doctoral program in the United States, all systems of

29、 education operate implicitly or explicitly with a set of pedagogical objectives. In a broad sense the overall goals of education, formal and informal, are to transmit the skills, competencies, and values that the specific culture deems necessary to assure the maintenance of the society.【答案】只有从表示文化传

30、播过程的文化适应的意义上来看, 教育这一词才能应用于原始文化中。对于一个把他自己的文化当做他的全部世界的原始人而言, 他对文化连续性和永恒性有着相对固定的理解。他的生活方式相对稳定和纯粹, 而在代代相传的过程中, 这种生活方式也不会发生很大的改变。至于史前教育, 它只能从幸存的原始文化中通过教育实践推知。原始教育的目的在于引导孩子成为他们一伙或乐队中的一名优秀的成员。从历史角度上看, 每个文化和社会都提供了某种形式的教育, 不管是正式的, 还是非正式的。不管是我们正在讨论的非正式教育的示范还是美国高度仪式化和正式的博士项目机制, 所有的教育形式都直接或间接地带有一套教育目的。从广义上讲, 教育

31、的总目的, 正式或非正式的, 是为了传播特定文化所需的用来保证社会群体维持的技能、能力和价值观。8.单选题She（ ）a large sum to the college endowment fund.问题1选项A.submittedB.donatedC.appliedD.granted【答案】B【解析】submit提交；donate捐赠；apply应用，申请；grant授权。根据“endowment fund”可知这里是捐赠了一大笔钱，所以选项B正确。9.单选题_ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smoo

32、th development of production.问题1选项A.WhatB.AsC.ItD.That【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。B选项As符合题意，其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。10.单选题Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for “academic mobility” is now often stated in impressiv

33、e terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest

34、 philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, and their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether either with students or with colleague

35、s; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one wa

36、s not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the 20th century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the airplane, making contact between school

37、s even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative a

38、nd require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning and a far greater number of scholars and students. In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced

39、 an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work m some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.1.According to the passage, scholars and students are great travelers because （ ）.2.The

40、 writer says that travel was important in the past because it （ ）.3.What, in the writers opinion, happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?4.According to the passage, the recent growth in air travel has meant that （ ）.5.The writer thinks that academic work has recently become mo

41、re specialized because （ ） .问题1选项A.Salaries and conditions are better abroadB.standards are higher at foreign universitiesC.they are eager for new knowledgeD.their government encourage them to travel问题2选项A.led to economic progressB.was a way of spreading ideasC.made new ideas less shockingD.broke do

42、wn political barriers问题3选项A.He gains recognition for his achievementsB.He attracts large numbers of studentsC.He risks his ideas being stolenD.He is considered slightly mad问题4选项A.more students from remote areas can attend universityB.universities can be built in remoter places】C.scholars can meet ea

43、ch other more easilyD.textbooks have wide circulation问题5选项A.more people are studying sciencesB.a greater variety of subjects is studiedC.more students are doing postgraduate workD.the number of universities has increased【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句, 认真的学生总是准备出国寻找最具启发性的老师和最著名的学院;寻找最纯粹

44、的哲学, 最有效的医学, 最有可能的黄金之路。总而言之, 他们渴望新知识, 所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段的第一句“Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers,.”这种流动也意味着思想的流动.由此可知作者认为过去的游学很重要的原因是：游学是传播思想的一种方式。选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段第二句, 学习的目的是与学生或同事分享;有人认为, 只有怪人才对一项惊人的发现或一项新技术的功劳不感兴趣。也就是说, 通过分享, 分享者的成就获得了人们的认可。选项A符合原文。4

45、.根据第三段最后一句可知, 交通工具的发展使得学者之间联系更为方便, 所以选项C符合原文。5.根据最后一段倒数第二句, 人们必须认识到学科的大量增加, 特别是在科学领域, 由于扩大了高级研究的总领域, 产生了大量的专家, 他们的特殊兴趣得到了精确的界定。由此可知, 学术研究越来越专业是由于学科的大量增加, 选项B符合原文。11.单选题One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he（ ）almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city.问题

46、1选项A.asks afterB.runs forC.brings upD.takes after【答案】A【解析】ask after探问, 问候；run for竞选；bring up提出；take after与相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是, 他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。12.单选题Economic liberalism was the prevailing economic philosophy in much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the U.S. economy d

47、eveloped within its framework. Economic liberalism promoted freedom of action for the individual and the firm through the doctrines of free trade, self-interest, private property, laissez-faire, and competition.According to this philosophy, individuals were free to seek their own occupations, to ent

48、er any business, and to act as they saw fit to improve their economic welfare. Economic society was held together by self-interest. Self-interest was thus the motivating force of the economy. For example, to increase personal economic welfare, an individual might decide to produce goods and sell the

49、m for profit. But in so doing, that individual automatically benefited the community as wellby purchasing raw materials, providing employment, and supplying goods or services. A worker seeking increase his or her wages could do so by increasing productivity. This, too, benefited the employer and the

50、 community in general. According to Adam Smith, the individual, in seeking personal gain, was led by an invisible hand to promote the welfare of the whole community.Competition was the regulation of the economy under economic liberalism. Business competed with one another for consumer trade by devel

51、oping new and better products and by selling existing products at lower prices. Free entry into the market ensured adequate competition, and prices were determined by the free forces of supply and demand. Competitive foresees determined not only the prices of goods and services bust also wage rates.

52、Since a beneficial self-interest was the motivating and driving force of the economy and since competition was to serve as the regulator of the economy, a policy of laissez-faire prevailed. According to this policy, the government kept its hands off the economic activities of individuals and busines

53、ses. Its economic rolls were strictly to protect private property, to enforce contracts, and to act as a judge in economic disputes.1.Concerning “economic liberalism”, which of the following is true?2.According to the passage, people exchange goods and services in order to （ ）.3.Which of the followi

54、ng is the best interpretation for Adam Smiths theory?4.Competitive forces have the following functions except （ ）.5.According to the policy of laissez-faire, the government should （ ）.问题1选项A.It was an influential philosophy in the 19th and 20th centuries.B.The development of the U.S. as a nation owe

55、s much to this philosophy.C.It is about the freedom of action in the field of economic.D.It is about the doctrines of private-sector economy.问题2选项A.satisfy the needs of other peopleB.satisfy their own needsC.form a societyD.promote division of labor问题3选项A.Individuals are keen on their own interestB.

56、In their sub-consciousness, people wish to serve the communityC.In pursing their self-interest, individuals bring benefits to society.D.The individuals economic behavior is regulated by some invisible being.问题4选项A.forcing the businesses to develop new and better productsB.giving every individual a f

57、air chance of a better jobC.to help determine the process of goods and servicesD.to help regulate the wages of people employed问题5选项A.frequently intervene the marketB.strictly regulate the marketC.given the market much freedomD.intervene the market only when it likes【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1

58、.根据第一段的内容可知, 选项A表述不准确, 应该是19世纪以及20世纪初期；选项B“owes much to this philosophy”在文中没有提及；根据第一段最后一句“Economic liberalism promoted freedom of action for the individual and the firm.”可知选项C正确, 选项D错误。经济自由主义是关于经济领域行动自由的讨论, 而不是关于私营经济的理论。所以本题选C。2.根据第二段第四句“.to increase personal economic welfare, an individual might de

59、cide to produce goods and sell them for profit.”可知, 人们交换商品和服务是为了满足个人需求。选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段最后一句“According to Adam Smith, the individual, in seeking personal gain, was led by an invisible hand to promote the welfare of the whole community.”根据Adam Smith的观点, 个人在追求自身利益时, 被一只看不见的手牵着, 以促进整个社会的福利。也就是说, 在追求自身利益的

60、过程中, 个人给社会带来了利益。选项C符合原文。4.根据第三段的内容可知, 竞争可以促使公司开发新产品, 决定商品的价格和服务, 甚至还会影响工资比率。选项A,C,D均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及。5.根据最后一段第二句“According to this policy, the government kept its hands off the economic activities of individuals and businesses.”根据这项政策, 政府不干涉个人和企业的经济活动。选项C符合原文。13.单选题Companies spend millions of dollars