2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号96

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题As we are on the point of（ ）some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit standing.问题1选项A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】句意:由于我们正准备和他们进行一些交易，所以我们

2、想确切地了解他们的信用状况。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。transmit传播；传送： transfer 使转移;调任;transact 办理;执行；进行（贸易、谈判等）;transport 运输。空格处的宾语是business(商业，交易)，因此C项符合句意。2.单选题（ ） these questions may sound academic, answers to them could have profound economic and political significance.问题1选项A.SinceB.WhileC.UnlessD.Lest【答案】B【解析】考查连

3、词辨析。A选项since“ 自以来；因为”；B选项while“虽然，然而，当 的时候”；C选项unless“除非；若非”；D选项lest“ 唯恐，以免”。句意：虽然这些问题听起来是学术的，但是它们的答案可能有深远的经济和政治意义。前后句子存在转折关系，因此B项正确。3.单选题As a（ ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个多才多艺的

4、演员，他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器。考查形容词辨析。flexible 灵活的,柔韧的；versatile 多才多艺的，万能的，通用的；sophisticated 复杂的，久经世故的，富有经验的；productive 多产的，富有成效的。根据后面句意 “他能表演、唱歌、跳舞和演奏多种乐器”可知B项正确。4.单选题The vast majority of people in any given culture will （ ） to the established standards of that culture.问题1选项A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.con

5、firm【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confine“限制；禁闭”；B选项conform“符合；遵照；适应环境”；C选项confront“ 面对；遭遇；比较”；D选项confirm“ 确认；确定；证实”。句意：在任何特定文化中的绝大多数人都将遵守该文化既定的标准。空格处的动词既要符合句意，又要与to构成搭配。因此B项正确。Conform to表示“符合，遵照”。5.单选题A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to （ ） learning instead of being merel

6、y of knowledge.问题1选项A.shore up/reservoirsB.accede to/consumersC.participate in/recipientsD.compensate for/custodians【答案】C【解析】考查短语及名词辨析。shore up “支持，支撑，加固”；reservoir “水库，蓄水池”；accede to “加入，同意，就任”；consumer “消费者，用户，顾客”；participate in “参与，参加”；recipient “接受者，受体”；compensate for “赔偿，补偿”；custodian “管理人，监护人”

7、。句意：计算机程序可以通过迫使学生参与学习而非仅是知识接受者的方式来提供信息。因此C项符合句意。6.单选题All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully（ ）the risks and benefits.问题1选项A.weighingB.valuingC.evaluatingD.distinguishing【答案】A【解析】句意:所有专家都认为，在对减肥药所做的各方面的考虑中，最重要的是仔细权衡风险和益处。考查动词辨析。weight 使变重，权衡；value 评价，重视；e

8、valuate 评价，估价；distinguish区分，辨别，使杰出。根据题干关键词the risks and benefits (风险和益处)可知A项符合句意。7.单选题It was felt that he lacked the （ ）to pursue a difficult task to the very end.问题1选项A.petitionB.engagementC.commitmentD.qualification【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：petition“请愿，祈求, 法 诉状”；选项B：engagement“婚约，约会,交战,诺言”；选项C：commitm

9、ent “献身,承诺”;选项D:qualification “资格，条件, 赋予资格”。由题意可知本题选项C更切合题意，正确。句意：有人认为，他缺乏将一项困难的任务坚持到底的奉献精神。8.单选题Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have（ ）vision.问题1选项A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管大多数鸟几乎没什么嗅觉，但它们的视力却很敏锐。考查形容词辨析。vigorous 精力充沛的;exact 准确的，精确的；acute 严重的，敏锐的；v

10、ivid 生动的，鲜明的。根据前半句句意 “尽管大多数鸟几乎没什么嗅觉”可知这里在对比鸟的嗅觉跟视觉，故C项符合句意。9.单选题Lately, the restaurant chain, which（ ）mainly to blue-collar diners, has been hurt by competition.问题1选项A.catersB.fabricatesC.facilitatesD.flees【答案】A【解析】句意:最近，这家主要面向蓝领食客的连锁餐厅由于竞争而遭受损失。考查动词辨析。cater 迎合;满足需要；fabricate 伪造;facilitate 帮助; 促进；fl

11、ee 逃跑。根据题干关键词restaurant “餐馆”及blue-collar dinner“蓝领用餐者”可知A符合句意。10.单选题Why bother cooking? You dont have time, of course (or you think you dont). That is the big reason. But you also dont do it as well as the professionals, so its tempting to let them handle it for you. Or at least let them give you a

12、head start in the form of meal-assembly shops, cake mixes and canned, frozen and pre-chopped ingredients. Michael Pollan thinks you should bother. His latest book, Cooked, is a powerful argument for a return to home cooking.Scores of food writers and editors, myself included, have long lamented the

13、increasing influence of corporations on the publics diet. We have seen the slow retreat from the kitchen as a primary contribution to Americas obesity epidemic and other health and environmental ills. But perhaps only Pollan can so effectively pick up the threads of so many food movements, philosoph

14、ies and research papers and knit them into a compelling narrative with a crystal-clear message. He writes “The best way to recover the reality of food, to return it to its proper place in our lives, is by attempting to master the physical processes by which it has traditionally been made.”Dont bet a

15、gainst him. Because of the power of his prose and his reasoning, Cooked may prove to be just as influential as Pollans other book. The Omnivores Dilemma, possibly the single most-cited text by those who profess concern with how our eating choices affect planet.As in The Omnivores Dilemma, Pollan hav

16、e known that his credibility depends on a willingness to practice what he preaches, so in Cooked he takes just as much of a hands-on approach as he suggests his readers do. He divides the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a ty

17、pe of cooking - barbecue, braising, bread baking and fermentation - and, as the books subtitle promises, explores cooking as no less than a transformation of nature into food and drink.The results are fascinating, but the magic of Cooked lies not in its ability to unlock the secrets of slow-roasting

18、 a whole hog or brewing beer. There are much more helpful, intensive instructional materials for that kind of thing. No, what Pollan pulls off is even more impressive. He manages to illuminate the wealth of connections that stem from our DIY time in the kitchen. “To cook for the pleasure of it,” he

19、writes, “to devote a portion of our leisure to it, is to declare our independence from the corporations seeking to organize our every waking moment into yet another occasion for consumption.”1.“Corporations” (Paragraph 2) in the passage refer to those who（ ）.2.To encourage a return to home cooking.

20、Pollan advises（ ）.3.What is true about The Omniores Dilemma?4.“Fermentation (Paragraph 4) is likely to be talked about in the section of（ ）.5.The passage is most likely to be（ ）.问题1选项A.sell you junk foodsB.teach you how to cook foodsC.prepare or process foods for youD.do the home cooking for you问题2选

21、项A.seeking for professional helpB.teaching the processes of cookingC.understanding philosophies about foodD.launching many food movements问题3选项A.It expresses concern over the environmentB.It is about the dilemma the planet is faced withC.It is about the dilemma of home cookingD.Its author takes a pra

22、ctice-oriented approach问题4选项A.fireB.waterC.airD.earth问题5选项A.a review of a bookB.a defense for a course of actionC.a guidebook for cookingD.an instruction for consuming food【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:词义题。根据题干定位至第二段: Scores of food writers and editors, myself included, have long lamented the

23、 increasing influence of corporations on the publics diet (包括我在内的几十位食品作家和编辑长期以来一直在哀叹corporations对公众饮食的影响越来越大)。因此对corporations的理解可参照上段: But you also dont do it as well as the professionals，so its tempting to let them handle it for you (然而，你也可能做饭做得没有专业人员那样好， 因此让他们为你处理饭是吸引人的)，以及: Or at least let them g

24、ive you a head start in the form of meal-assembly shops, cake mixes and canned, frozen and pre-chopped ingredients (或至少让他们以餐点装配商店、蛋糕材料、罐装、冷藏和预先剁碎的材料的形式给你一个有利的开端)。由此可知，corporations指那些为你准备或加工食物的人。第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出: .The best way to recover the reality of food, to return it to its proper place in our liv

25、es, is by attempting to master the physical processes by which it has traditionally been made (要恢复食物的真实性，使它回到我们生活中的适当位置，最好的方法就是试图掌握传统上制造食物的物理过程)，由此可知B项“教授烹饪的过程” 正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干关键词The Omniores Dilemma定位至第四段: As in The Omnivores Dilemma. Pollan have known that his credibility depends on a willingness

26、 to practice what he preaches (如同在杂食动物的困境一书中一样，Pollan知晓他的可信性依赖于愿意去实行他所讲道的)，由此可知D项“它的作者采取了一个以实践为导向的方法”正确。第4题:细节事实题。倒数第二段指出: He divides the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a type of cooking barbecue, braising, bread baking and

27、 fermentation.( 在这种情况下，他将这本书分为四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、 面包烤制和发酵)，由此可知D项“大地”正确。第5题:判断推理题。倒数第二段提到: He divides the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a type of cooking barbecue, braising, bread baking and fermentation.

28、( 这种情况下，他将这本书分成四个章节，即经典的火、水、空气和大地。每个代表了一种烹饪类型，即烧烤、炖、 面包烤制和发酵)，由此推测这篇文章可能是一篇书评。11.单选题It would be wrong （ ）that factor.问题1选项A.to not considerB.not to considerC.to consider notD.to be considering【答案】B【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。由于不定式的否定形式为not+ to+动原，所以选项A、C、D均错误，B选项正确。句意：不考虑那个因素将是错误的。12.单选题Many tourists were （ ） by

29、 the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项evoke“ 引起，唤起；博得”；D选项divert“ 转移；使欢娱；使转向”。句意：这个城市的复杂交通系统让很多游客感到迷惑。由题干关键词“复杂的交通系统”可知B项正确。13.单选题The （ ） stuck on the envelope says “By Air”.

30、问题1选项A.diagramB.labelC.signalD.mark【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项diagram“图表；图解”；B选项label“标签；商标”；C选项signal“ 信号；暗号；导火线”；D选项mark“标志；马克；符号”。句意：信封上粘贴的标签说是“航空邮件”。信封上粘贴的应该是标签，故选B。14.单选题Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss o

31、f talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s. Some has placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate who were enrolled in

32、24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not

33、far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D. programs

34、 were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph.D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and co

35、llege teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.”“The results of our research”，Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.(1) Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.(2) Most dropouts went as far in their d

36、octoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.(3) Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason

37、 cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.As an indication of how well the dropout

38、s were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.s with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D.s shone in the $7,500 to $15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact

39、that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. Ds tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might

40、 consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that（ ）.2.Research has shown that（ ）.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.（ ）.4. After r

41、eading the article, one would refrain from concluding that（ ）.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in（ ）.问题1选项A.steps should be taken to get dropouts back to campus.B.the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.C.the Ph.D.holder is generally a bet

42、ter adjusted person than the dropout.D.the high dropout rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members问题2选项A.dropouts are substantially below Ph. Ds in financial attainment.B.the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies.C.D. studies.

43、C.D.studies.C.the Ph.D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.D.about one-third of those who start Ph.D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.问题3选项A.is the most frequent reason for dropping out.B.is more difficult for the science candidate than for the

44、 humanities candidate.C.is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.D.does not vary in difficulty among universities.问题4选项A.optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.C

45、.D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.C.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.C.colleges and universities

46、employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.D.Ph. D.s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.问题5选项A.salary for Ph. D. too lowB.academic requirement too highC.D. too low B.academic requirement too highC.D.too low B.academic requirement too highC.salary for dropouts too high D.l

47、, 000 positions【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由题干意思定位到第三段Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D. “一些人认为，可以通过说服辍学者重返研究生院完成博士学位，来减少

48、受过高等教育的专家和大学教师的短缺”由此可知A选项“应该采取措施让辍学者重返校园”与原文意思相符，为正确选项。第2题:事实细节题。第二段中 The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work“博士候选人的辍学率高达31%，在大多数情况下，这些辍学生在没有完成博士学位要求的情况下，都在继续从事生产性工作。”由此可推出D选项“大约三分之一开始攻读博士学位的人

49、没有完成学业获得学位”与原文相符。A选项“辍学者在经济成就方面远远低于博士”与文章最后一句表达意思相反，所以不正确； B选项 “在攻读博士学位方面，激励因素是次要的”与原文不符；C项“如果这位博士候选人退出，他很可能改变他的专业领域”在文中并未提及。因此，选项A、B、C均为错误选项，D选项正确。第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第八段中 Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reaso

50、n cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to language exams. “近75%的退学学生表示，他们的决定并非出于学术原因，但那些提到学术原因的学生表示，他们没有通过资格考试、没有完成研究以及没有通过语言考试。”由此可推知C选项“是许多博士课程的重要组成部分”与原文意思相符，正确。第4题:判断推理题。本题题干意思是读完这篇文章后，人们不会得出这样的结论文章最后一段中 As to the possibility of getting dropouts back

51、 on campus, the outlook was glum. “至于让辍学学生重返校园的可能性，前景不容乐观。”A选项“让博士辍学生重新回到他们对学位的追求中，乐观主义占据了主导地位”与原文意思相反，因此选项A为正确选项。第5题:判断推理题。由倒数第二段中 This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. Ds tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other f

52、ields. “这也可能表明了这样一个事实，即博士往往能拿到最高薪水的学术领域的高薪仍落后于其他领域。”由此可以推出，博士的薪资并不高，因此A选项“博士的薪水太低”与原文相符。选项B、C都属于过度推断，选项D文章并未提及。由此可知，选项A为正确选项。15.单选题They （ ） so tired if they （ ）for a whole day.问题1选项A.wouldnt feel, didnt walkB.wouldnt feel, werent walking.C.wouldnt be feeling, werent walkingD.wouldnt be feeling, hadn

53、t been walking【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合选项与题干可知本题考查混合虚拟语气，if引导的 条件句中表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，应该用had+过去分词，因此可以排除选项A、B、C，又因为主句部分表示的是现在事实相反的情况，所以需要用would+动原，由此可知，此题选项D为正确答案。句意：如果他们不是一整天都在走路，那么他们将不会感到如此疲惫。16.单选题Did you notice the （ ） on the doctors face when heard that Kino had found the pearl of the world?问题1选项A.appeara

54、nceB.expressionC.descriptionD.look【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：appearance “外貌，外观”；选项B：expression意为“脸色，表现， 表情，态度，腔调”；选项C：description “描述，描写，类型，说明书”；选项D：look意为“样子，面容，看”。根据题意，本题选项B更符合题意，正确。句意：听说Kino找到了世界明珠之后，你注意到医生脸上的表情了吗?17.单选题We should make a clear（ ）between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our d

55、iscussion.问题1选项A.separationB.discriminationC.deviationD.distinction【答案】D【解析】句意:为了讨论，我们应该把这两个科学术语明确区分开来。考查名词辨析。separation 分离；距离;法分居；discrimination 歧视；辨别；deviation 偏差；误差；背离；distinction 区分；差别。由关键词“between the two scientific terms在这两个科学术语之间”可知D项符合句意，且能和介词between进行搭配。18.单选题If there is the need to compete

56、 in a crowd, to battle （ ）the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected.问题1选项A.onB.forC.againstD.with【答案】B【解析】句意:如果需要在人群中竞争，那么为优势竞争最可靠的策略就是开发出意想不到的东西。on 在上；for 为了: against 反对；with 和。此处句意表示“为优势竞争”，故选B。19.单选题Only under special circumstances （ ） to take make-up tests.问题1选项A.are freshmen per

57、mittedB.freshmen are permittedC.permitted are freshmenD.are permitted freshmen【答案】A【解析】语法题。考查部分倒装。副词only位于句首时，后面部分应用部分倒装结构：助动词/系动词+主语+谓语动词/表语。因此A项正确。20.单选题（ ） as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.问题1选项A.Being publishedB.PublishedC.PublishingD.To be published【答案】B【解析】语法题。考查倒装句。

58、 前后句子是转折关系，“as it was at such a time”为as引导的倒装句作让步状语从句，因此as前应该是动词publish的过去分词形式，故选B。句意：尽管在如此一个时间被出版，但是他的作品却引起了很多关注。21.单选题In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women （ ） this field is climbing.问题1选项A.engagingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：engage “

59、吸引，使参加，雇佣，从事（后接其他成分需要用介词in）”； 选项B：devote “（一 般接to引出对象）致力于，奉献”;选项C：register “显示，登记，注册”；选项D：pursue “追赶，从事（可直接跟从事的对象），继续”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合题意，选项D正确。句意：在过去，大部分的林务员都是男性，但现如今这个领域的女性工作人员数量越来越多。22.单选题Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctors office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophis

60、ticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online virtual visits between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and