2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号71

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The foreman read the（ ）of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.问题1选项A.prejudiceB.verificationC.verdictD.punishment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项prejudice“偏见，成见”；B选项verification“检验，检查，审核”；C选项verdict“（陪审团的）裁定，裁决，（经过检验或认

2、真考虑后的）决定，结论”；D选项punishment“刑罚，惩罚”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知选C。句意：陪审团主席宣读了14遍有罪判决书，每个被告一份。2.单选题（ ）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项late“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”

3、。根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。3.单选题It is well known that the retired workers in our country are （ ）free medical care.问题1选项A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项 entitled to“有权享有，有资格”；B选项involved in“涉及”；C选项associated with“参加，与有关”；D选项assign

4、ed to“被分配给”。根据free medical care（免费医疗）可知A选项符合语境。句意：众所周知，我国退休职工享有免费医疗。4.单选题I second Mr. Smiths motion that we（ ）a special board to examine the problem.问题1选项A.set upB.have to set upC.are to set upD.may set up【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。在英语中，表示“命令、建议、愿望、要求”等的词（不管是动词、名词、形容词）之后的从句用should+动词原词，而且should可以省略。句中的motion表示

5、“提议”，其后是由that引导的同位语从句，因此选A。句意：我赞成史密斯先生的提议，即我们成立一个专门委员会来审查这个问题。5.单选题It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans, life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression contr

6、olled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatne

7、ss of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything t

8、hat can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U

9、.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond

10、 a certain agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”，so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s

11、 and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention wor

12、ks and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful

13、. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.1.What i

14、s implied in the first sentence?2.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that（ ）.3.The authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of（ ）.4.In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care（ ）.5.The text intends to express the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.America

15、ns are better prepared for death than other peopleB.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever beforeC.Americans are over-confident of their medical technologyD.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy问题2选项A.medical resources are often wastedB.some treatments are too aggressive

16、C.doctors are helpless against fatal diseasesD.medical costs are becoming unaffordable问题3选项A.strong disapprovalB.reserved consentC.Slight contemptD.enthusiastic support问题4选项A.more flexiblyB.more extravagantlyC.more cautiouslyD.more reasonably问题5选项A.medicine will further prolong peoples livesB.life b

17、eyond a certain limit is not worth livingC.death should be accepted as a fact of lifeD.excessive demands increase the cost of health care【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.（据说在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死

18、亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亚死亡是可选择的）以及其后介绍的医疗技术的进步，使美国人在过去的一个世纪里，预期寿命几乎翻了一翻，因此C选项“美国人对他们的医疗技术过于自信”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Death is normal.Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer

19、 care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.（死亡是正常的我们要求一切可以为我们做的事情，即使它是无用的。最明显的例子是晚期癌症护理。医生们因无法治愈疾病而感到沮丧，并且担心病人失去希望，他们常常采用远远超出科学依据的极端治疗）可知A选项“医疗资源经常被浪费”符合题意。

20、3.观点态度题。根据题干关键词Lamm定位到文章第三段中，可知Lamm的观点是the old and infirm“have a duty to die and get out of the way”（年老体弱的人有义务死亡，以免挡住道路）。由第四段中的I would not go that far.As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.（我不会走这么远作为一个只有68岁的人，我希望能像他们一样富有成效地衰老）和最后一段中的I know the most costly and dramatic mea

21、sures may be ineffective and painful. we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures（我知道最昂贵和最戏剧性的措施可能是无效和痛苦的我们可能为寻求不太可能治愈的方法提供了过多的资金）可推测作者基本同意Lamm的观点，但仍然有所保留，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, he

22、althier lives than we have.（我还知道，日本和瑞典的人们在医疗上花费更少，他们的寿命比我们的更长，更健康）可知D选项“更合理”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出尽管有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，但死亡不可避免；第二段提出死亡是正常的，但我们却想尽一切方法来延缓生命；第三段提出医疗资源不应该被浪费在一些没有挽救意义的人身上；第四段提出老年人的生活也可以是有价值的；第五段指出寿命的长短，依靠的不仅仅是医疗资源，应该合理使用。故本文旨在说明人们要勇于接受死亡，因此C选项“死亡应该被接受为生活中的事实”符合题意。6.翻译题Read the following paragra

23、ph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.When the objects of an inquiry, in any department, have principles, causes, or elements, it is through acquaintance with these that knowledge and understanding is attained. For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its prima

24、ry causes or first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its elements. Plainly, therefore, in the science of nature too our first task will be to try to determine what relates to its principles. The natural way of doing this is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear

25、 to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature, for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification. So we must follow this method and advance from what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us, towards what is clearer and more

26、 knowable by nature. Now what is to us plain and clear at first is rather confused masses, the elements and principles of which become known to us later by analysis.【答案】在任何领域，当研究对象有其存在的原理、因素或元素时，只有通过了解这些事物，才能获得知识和理解。因为只有当我们知道某事物的主要成因或基本原理，并对其组成元素进行进一步分析时，我们才可以称我们了解该事物。因此，很明显，在自然科学中，我们的首要任务将是设法确定各原理之

27、间的联系。这样做的自然方式是从对我们来说更清晰易知的事物开始，然后延伸至本质上更加清晰易知的事物，因为对我们来说，同样事物的可知性并不是相当的，并且也不是没有限制的。因此，我们必须遵循这一方法，从本质上模糊但对自己来说更加清楚的事物，发展到本质上既清晰又易知的事物中去。现在对我们来说，最简单明了的事物对大众来说是十分疑惑，其要素和原理可以通过后期的分析而为人们所了解。7.单选题There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge

28、in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nyl

29、on and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individual

30、s and laboratory teams.Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm,cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to im

31、prove our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research,

32、 we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industr

33、ies as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter ou

34、r longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competiti

35、ve industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation a risky and expensive budget item might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monop

36、olistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giant

37、s faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, inve

38、sting in innovation in order to expand their market shares.The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation

39、.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2.According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century（ ）.3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph of the passage?4.With which of the following statements would the author of the passage be most

40、 likely to agree?5.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the authors main point?问题1选项A.advocate an increase in government support of organized industrial researchB.point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopol

41、istic power in industryC.describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovationD.show that Americas strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness问题2选项A.were produced largely as a result of governmental support for military weapons re

42、search and developmentB.came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopolistic industriesC.were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teamsD.have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates问题3选项A.Expenditures for various aspects of research are listed.B

43、.Reasons for supporting monopolistic power are given and then questioned.C.Arguments are presented for minimizing competitive bidding for research.D.Resources necessary for research are defined.问题4选项A.Monopolistic power creates an environment supportive of innovation.B.Governmental expenditure for m

44、ilitary research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.C.Industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to technological change than smaller firms do.D.Firms with a small share of the market aggressively pursue innovations because they are not locked into old

45、capital equipment.问题5选项A.In the last decade, conglomerates have significantly increased their research budgets for defense technology.B.Tax restructuring permits smaller firms to write off a larger percentage of profits against research.C.A ten-year study of the extent of resources devoted to resear

46、ch by smaller enterprises reveals a steady decline.D.Military research is being directed more extensively to space technology than to short-range missiles.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段首句提出There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an eq

47、uivalent surge in industrial research.（人们普遍认为，大型工业的出现伴随着等量工业研究发明的出现）这个观点，紧接着用一项调查结果进行反驳；第二段解释了人们普遍这样认为的理由，然后又对解释进行否定；第三段指出小公司比大型企业在新技术、新产品和创新投资方面更有积极性；最后一段简短地概括大型企业所处的压力竞争。因此B选项“指出关于工业研究程度与工业垄断力量增长之间关系的一种常见误解”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the cent

48、ury reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone（最近一项对世纪之交以来重要发明的研究表明，半数以上的发明是个人独立工作的产物）可知C选项“独立发明家产生的发明成果至少和研究团队产生的成果一样”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段解释了人们普遍误解的理由，然后又对其解释进行否定。因此B选项“给出了支持垄断权力的理由，并对其进行了质疑”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的By contrast, small firms undeterred by large inve

49、stments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.（相比之下，小公司不被工厂和资本设备的大规模投资所吓倒，往往积极追求新技术和新产品，投资于创新，以扩大市场份额）可知D选项“市场份额很小的公司积极地追求创新，因为它们没有被旧的固定设备所束缚”符合题意。5.推理判断题。作者的主要观点为：大企业的发展与企业的研究程度不是人们普遍认

50、为等量发展关系，相反，小企业比大企业在新技术、新产品和创新投资方面更有积极性。因此 C选项“一项为期10年的对小型企业用于研究的投资程度显示，这一数字在稳步下降”符合题意。8.单选题People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and（ ）.问题1选项A.vivaciousB.perilousC.introvertedD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vivacious“可爱的，活泼的”；B选项perilous“冒险的，危险的”；C选项introverted“内向的，不喜欢交往

51、的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的，赚钱的”。由and可知空格处与talkative（健谈的）表示的意思相同，因此选A。句意：喜欢穿红衣服的人更有可能健谈、活泼。9.单选题（ ）, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.问题1选项A.Other things being equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Ot

52、her things to be equal【答案】A【解析】考查独立主格。空格处的主语为other things，主句的主语不一致，故为独立主格结构，other things与其谓语动词是主动的关系，因此谓语动词用现在分词形式，选A。other things being equal在句中作状语表示条件“如果其它方面都一样的话”。句意：如果其它方面都一样的话，一个能有效表达自己的人肯定比一个语言能力差的人成功得更快。10.单选题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come

53、 about（ ）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项accordingly“照着，相应地，因此”；B选项accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C选项artificially“人工的，人造的”；D选项additionally“此外”。空格处副词修饰动词，B选项符合语境。句意：关于科学的错误观念之一是许多科学发现是偶然发生的。11.单选题She was delirious last night, but she seems quite（ ）this mor

54、ning.问题1选项A.insaneB.lucidC.patientD.messy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项insane“精神失常的，精神错乱的”；B选项lucid“表达清楚的，头脑清晰的，清醒的”；C选项patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D选项messy“肮脏的，凌乱的”。由but（表示转折关系）可知空格处与前面的delirious（极度亢奋的，精神错乱的）意思相反，因此选B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。12.单选题（ ）excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has

55、been proved.问题1选项A.TheoreticallyB.PresumablyC.IncrediblyD.Practically【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项theoretically“理论地，理论上”；B选项presumably“据推测，很可能，大概”；C选项incredibly“极其，难以置信地”；D选项practically“实际上，几乎，差不多”。由as has been proved（如已证实的那样）可知前面的内容应该是一种猜测比较符合逻辑，即证实推测。句意：据推测，过度食用油炸食品会造成严重后果，这已被证实。13.单选题Some of the online ser

56、vices are free, while others（ ） a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示对比关系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在线服务是免费的）可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。14.单选题When she saw the

57、clouds she went back to the house to （ ）her umbrella.问题1选项A.carryB.fetchC.bringD.reach【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。15.单选题If the building project（ ）by

58、the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.问题1选项A.being completedB.is completedC.to be completedD.completed【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。从句中已有谓语动词is delayed，空格处为非谓语动词，排除B选项。A选项being completed表示正在进行的被动；C选项to be completed表示将来的被动；D选项completed表示一般被动。根据by the end of this month（到本月底）可知此处是

59、对将来的假设，因此选C。句意：如果这个建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的计划被推迟，该建筑公司将被罚款。16.单选题Neither of the two parties（ ）able to solve the problems of the poor.问题1选项A.areB.isC.have beenD.will have been【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。neither of+复数名词，谓语动词通常用单数形式。此处表示两个政党中没有哪一个能解决穷人的问题，此处是对客观事实的表述，故用一般现在时，因此选B。句意：这两个政党都不能解决穷人的问题。17.单选题Your advice would be

60、（ ）valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.问题1选项A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项符合语境。句意：你的建议对他来说是非常宝贵的，因为他现在束手无策。18.单选题When Privacy Internati