2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号52

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题We hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare, and in（）we had to walk.问题1选项A.particularB.consequenceC.possessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。particular特别的，特色；consequence结果，因此；possession拥有，所有；succession接连，避承权。句意：我们没有足够的钱卖车

2、票，所以只能步行。选项B符合句意。2.单选题The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ec

3、osystem that makes up it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for the present and long into the future. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an an

4、nual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earthreminding us of Earths beautiful system of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.” Earth day was established as a natio

5、nal day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970, twenty million participants

6、nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12,000 colleges and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet was live in

7、. those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes fro

8、m vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continues with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem.Earth Day activities are supported and sponsored by a large network of organizations, govern

9、ment agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regular observance of this holiday fixes environmental values into the national consciousness and provides an opportunity

10、 to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be noted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant environmental changes that have taken place in the last three decades.1.This passage is mainly concerned with（）2.Acc

11、ording to the passage, on March 21, （）3.Which of the following dates is definitely an international Earth Day?4.Which of the following statements is correct?5.It can be concluded that（）问题1选项A.how to start a national holidayB.when the Earth day was introducedC.the reasons for establishing the Earth D

12、ayD.the origin and movement of the Earth Day问题2选项A.the board accepted the proposal of McConnellB.the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebrationC.day and night are equally divided throughout the worldD.the earth is at its most beautiful moment throughout the year问题3选项A.October 1, 1969.B.March 2

13、1, 1970.C.April 22, 1970.D.March 21, 1972.问题4选项A.Only college students and scholars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day.B.The movement has grown from concern over industrial pollution to all kinds of environmental pollution.C.Some people cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and

14、agriculture because of their pollution.D.A sustainable and enduring ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property.问题5选项A.many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as a result of Earth Day campaignB.people have learned to use Earth Day activities as instrument

15、to acquire what they wantC.supporters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in mediaD.Earth Day activities have succeeded in changing our environment over the past years【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 第一段主要是讲世界地球日的由来以及活动；第二段主要是讲地球日活动举办的意义。所

16、以选项D正确。选项A表述错误, 选项B和 C不全面。2.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第一段第四句“The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox.”可知3月21号是春分。然后接下来的一句话“This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth.”说明春分这一天地球上昼夜时长

17、相等。所以选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“Earth day was established.on the day of the March Equinox.”可知, 1971年, 联合国宣布每年3月春分那天举行地球日庆祝活动, 地球日因此受到联合国的欢迎。但是每年的春分在阳历里面的日子是不固定的, 所以并不是每年的3月21号都是地球日。根据下文“When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970,”可知, 1970 年 4 月 22 号是美国庆祝的第一个地球日。所以选项C正确。

18、4.细节事实题。根据第一段可知, 第一次地球日活动有两千万人参与, 但并没有说只是学生和教员, only表述错误, 选项A错误。第一段的倒数第二句“Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution.”可知, 人们关心的问题已扩展到空气、水、土壤和噪音污染等方面。所以选项B符合原文。选项C和D在文中都没提及。5.判断推理题。选项A文中只提到很多组织和公司都在支持地球日活动, 并没有提及他们因活动造成了巨大损失。选项B人们

19、庆祝地球日不是为了自己的利益, 而是为了生态环保, 表述错误。选项C原文提到三种手段, 所以这里表达不全面。选项D符合原文最后一句话, 正确。3.单选题According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically（） to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.问题1选项A.practicalB.flexibleC.feasibleD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】practical现实的, 实际的；flexible灵活的；fea

20、sible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示, 建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。 4.单选题No sooner had the automobile mechanic entered the room than he began to take off his（）coveralls.问题1选项A.tediousB.hollowC.greasyD.salutary【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。tedious沉闷的；hollow空的、虚伪的；greasy油腻的；salutary有益的。句意：汽车修理工一进入房间就开始脱下他油腻的工作

21、服。根据常识可知选项C符合句意。5.单选题The full（）of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.问题1选项A.effortB.responseC.impactD.affection【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。effort努力,成就；response回答,反应；impact影响；affection情感。句意：近几年内,人们将感受到计算机技术变革带来的所有影响。选项C符合句意。6.翻译题Put the following into English.十九世纪末, 中国开始举办师范教育。1

22、949年中华人民共和国成立之后, 在各级政府的关心和支持下, 中国师范教育进入了前所未有的发展阶段。在科学技术迅猛发展的今天, 振兴经济的希望在教育, 教师队伍的数量和质量对教育发展具有决定性的影响。在中国这样一个拥有世界教师总量五分之一的庞大教师队伍 的国家,人民教师的地位和作用直接关系到教育事业乃至整个国家的发展。师范教育(teacher education)【答案】At the end of 19th century, the teacher education began in China. Since the foundation of Peoples Republic of Chi

23、na in 1949, it has undergone an unprecedented development thanks to solicitude and support of the central and local government With the rapid development of technology and science nowadays, education becomes vital to the growth of economy. Its development, however, is determined by the number an pro

24、fessional expertise of teachers. China owns one-fifth of the teachers of the whole world, and the development of the educational issues and even the whole country are directly affected by the status and function of the teachers.7.单选题I prefer his plan to yours,（）it is more practical and easier to be

25、carried out.问题1选项A.for whichB.in whichC.for thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，更容易执行。in that表原因，符合句意。8.翻译题Culture hides much more than it reveals, and strangely enough what it hides, it hides most effectively from its own participants. Years of study have convinced me that the real job

26、 is not to understand foreign culture but to understand our own. I am also convinced that all that one ever gets from studying foreign culture is a token understanding. The ultimate reason for such study is to learn more about how ones own system works. The best reason for exposing oneself to foreig

27、n ways is generate a sense of vitality and awareness - an interest in life which can come only when one lives through the shock of contrast and difference. The best reason for the layperson to spend time studying culture is that he/she can learn something useful and enlightening about himself/hersel

28、f. This can be an interesting process, at time harrowing but ultimately rewarding. One of the most effective ways to learn about oneself is by taking seriously the cultures of others. It forces you to pay attention to those details of life which differentiate them from you.【答案】文化隐藏的东西远比它揭示的要多。奇怪的是,

29、它所隐藏的东西, 最不容易被它原创居民发现。多年的研究使我们了解到, 我们真正要做的, 不是去理解外国文化, 而是理解我们自己的文化。我也认为, 人们学习外国文化是表意的理解。这样学习的根本原因是为了更多了解自己的文化机制是如何运作的。让自己充分学习外国文化的最佳方式就是将其生动化和培养自我意识。尽管这样做的乐趣仅存在与人们生活在文化对比和差异的惊讶之中。外出行走学习文化的最好之处在于当事人能够学到有用的东西并且启发自己。这可能是个有意思的过程, 虽然耗时但很值得。了解自己最好的途径就是认真对待别人的文化, 它使你能够正视让你不同于对方的生活细节。9.单选题I sent invitations

30、 to 80 people,（）have replied.问题1选项A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 20 of them whoC.of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我邀请了80人,其中只有20人回复了。of表从属关系,在这里指80人中的20人, whom指代80人。选项A重复,选项C表述正确。10.单选题The discussion quickly became a very（）argument about increasing prices.问题1选项A.explodedB.roaringC

31、.boilingD.heated【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸腾；heated激烈的。句意：关于价格增长的讨论很快发展成为一场非常激烈的争论。选项D符合句意。11.单选题In managing information resources, the medium may be the key to an effective system. The medium is a vehicle, a tool, or a container for holding information; the information itself is th

32、e thing of value.Three popular categories of information media are paper, film，and electronic storage devices. The media choice must not be viewed as a choice among these three, however; it must be viewed as an opportunity to select from a multitude of media possibilities in combinations that build

33、effective systems. In many instances the person responsible for information-resource management is not the person who determines the medium in which information will be created. In such a case, the manager of a firms information resources faces a challenge in making a significant contribution to the

34、 organizations objectives.For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary. Examples include keying or scanning paper documents to convert them to electronic media. Other processes convert electronic media from one format to another. For example, disk files create

35、d on one system may not be compatible with another system. Various hardware and software combinations can be used to convert files to formats that equipment will accept. For information generated within organizations, this necessity of making systems compatible may be eliminated by cooperative plann

36、ing. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to your organization from the outside.The medium for information may be selected to satisfy a need that exists when information is created and communicated. For example, a paper record may be cr

37、eated because of its portability and because no special equipment is necessary for later references to that information; electronic transmission may be selected because it is the fastest means of communicating information. A firm may use electronic mail because a network already exists for on-line c

38、omputer communication. The additional application may cost less than postage to mail paper memo.1.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?2.The first paragraph aims at telling the reader（）3.According to the author, （）4.For effective management of information resources, the manager should

39、（）5.The main idea of the last paragraph is （）问题1选项A.Media Selection in Managing Information Resources.B.The Importance and Necessity of Media Conversion.C.Three Categories of Information Media.D.Various Means of Communicating Information.问题2选项A.the importance of information resources managementB.the

40、 relationship between the medium and informationC.the great variety of media for holding informationD.the numerous resources of information问题3选项A.paper is the best storage deviceB.people have three choices in selecting information mediumC.it is better to let the person responsible for information-re

41、source management determine the mediumD.the manager should build an effective system by selecting a good combination of different media问题4选项A.convert all paper documents to electronic mediaB.make media conversion when necessaryC.control the media used to generate information both inside and outside

42、his organizationD.use one format in processing information问题5选项A.paper record is the most convenient medium for later referenceB.electronic mail costs less than postage to mail paper memosC.different media for information maybe selected for different purposesD.by using different media，a firm can cre

43、ate various information for its objectives【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要是讲信息资源管理中的媒介选择。选项A正确，其余选项都是片面的观点。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知：媒介是一种承载信息的载体、工具或容器；信息本身就是有价值的东西。所以本段主要是讲媒体与信息之间的关系。选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“ The media choice . that build effective systems.”媒体的选择不能被视为这三种选择之一；它必须被视为一个机会，从众多的媒体选

44、择的可能性组合，以建立有效的系统。选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary.”为了有效地管理信息资源，可能需要进行媒体转换。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的第一句“The medium for information may be selected to satisfy a need that exists when information is created and communicated.”信息

45、媒体可能被选择，以满足在创建和传播信息时存在的需要。也就是说不同信息媒体的选择是出于不同的目的。选项C符合原文。12.单选题Peter and David have not been on speaking terms recently. They（）about something.问题1选项A.should quarrelB.might quarrelC.could have quarreledD.must have quarreled【答案】D【解析】考查推测。根据句意：彼得和大卫最近关系不好。他们一定是为了什么事吵架了。表示肯定的推测用must，选项D正确。13.单选题Tom warne

46、d his friend that he would（）the law if he stole.问题1选项A.abide byB.fall afoul ofC.do away withD.lay down【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。abide by遵守；fell afoul of与.相抵触、冒犯；do away with废除；lay down制定、放下。句意：Tom警告他的朋友，如果偷窃，他将触犯法律。选项B符合句意。14.单选题That terrible noise is（）me mad.问题1选项A.drivingB.settingC.puttingD.turning【答案】A【解析】考

47、查固定搭配题。drive sb.使某人.。句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼疯了。15.单选题Its（）in the regulation that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.问题1选项A.laid uponB.laid outC.laid upD.laid down【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。lay upon随而定,把重点放在；lay out展示,安排；lay up贮存,搁置,卧床不起；lay down放下,制定,铺设,主张。句意：条例规定您只能携带20公斤的行李。选项D符合句意。16.单选题People of different race

48、s should live in（）with each other for global peace.问题1选项A.harmonyB.federationC.unityD.union【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。harmony和谐；federation联邦；unity团结；union联合。句意：为了世界和平,不同种族的人民应该和睦相处。选项A符合句意。17.单选题Both of them are too stubborn to agree to（）, so they had to be assigned to different branches.问题1选项A.a friendshipB.a

49、compromiseC.a judgmentD.an emotion【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。句意：他们两个都很固执,不肯妥协,所以不得不分管不同的部门。选项B项符合句意。18.单选题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as（）in a short period of time.问题1选项A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civil

50、ization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项having been created符合题意。因此C选项正确。19.翻译题As soon as a woman has caught her man, she “gives up her career for love”一or, at least, that is what she will tell him. He could hardly be flattered by the thought that she had been saved in the n

51、ick of time from having to sweat her way through examinations, but he would much rather get drunk on the idea of the love 4【答案】女人一旦捕获了自己的男人，便会“为了爱情而放弃事业”，或者，至少她会对男人如是说。虽说他大概不会既得意洋洋地认为，是他在紧要关头救了她，使她免受考试的煎熬， 但他却宁愿陶醉于爱情“无法折衷”的想法，而这种想法是她故意装作对她才有的想法。 他甚至认为，也许她本来可以成为一名著名的外科医生或出色的新闻记者，而她却为了自己放弃了所有的一切。但他永远不

52、会想到，她更愿意当一个著名外科医生的太太，既不用上班，也不用承担责任，就能享有他那样的收入和地位。因此，为了弥补她所做出的巨大牺牲，他决心让她在自己的身边过上舒舒服服的曰子。20.单选题Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled（）the decision made by our fellow countrymen.问题1选项A.forB.onC.toD.in【答案】C【解析】reconcile to为固定搭配,表示“顺从于”。句意：虽然我们对选举结果感到不满意,但是

53、我们不得不顺从于我们的同胞们作出的决定。21.单选题The soil is part of the earth,（）the atmosphere.问题1选项A.as it isB.the same isC.so isD.and so is【答案】D【解析】as it is实际上,事实上,既然如此；same常用搭配是the same as；选项C缺少连词，所以本题选项D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,大气也是。22.单选题People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assum

54、e that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.A tremendous change in the conditions of hu

55、man life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social an

56、d economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love a

57、nd desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic pro

58、blems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the

59、pastour personal past and that of the racealways lives in us.1.According to the writer, our past can teach us quite a lot because （）2.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that （）3.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets is that （）4

60、.In the first line of the last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today.” means （）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.it is very different from the presentB.it is quite the same as the presentC.we can draw many lessons from itD.we are not w