2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号15

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“似是而非的论点，自相矛盾的话”；B选项“遗产”；C选项“陈词滥调”；D选项“类似，类推”，句意：当一个人死后，他的债务必须在（ ）分配之前弄清。这

2、句要表示的是“要把遗产分配清楚”，因此B选项符合题意。2.单选题The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.问题1选项A.imminentB.recyclableC.smellyD.poisonous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“即将来临的，迫近的”；B选项“可回收利用的”；C选项“有臭味的”；D选项“有毒的，恶毒的”；题干中toxic“有毒的，中毒的”，句意：最紧迫的事情是找到一个倾倒有毒工业废料的地方。因此D选项符合题意。3.单选题The（ ）of the man who b

3、eat the girl to death was not for money but for killing.问题1选项A.motiveB.motivationC.pushD.drive【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motive“动机；目的（侧重于做坏事的动机）”，B选项motivation“动机；积极性（侧重于干劲，动力一类）”，C选项push“推”，D选项drive“驱动器”，句子中是说男子击打女孩致死的动机，是坏的行为，因此A选项符合题意。句意为：那个把女孩打死的男人的动机不是为了钱，而是为了杀人。4.单选题It is our（ ）policy that we will ach

4、ieve unity through peaceful means.问题1选项A.consistentB.considerateC.certainD.decisive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项consistent“始终如一的，一致的，坚持的”；B选项considerate“体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的”；C选项certain“某一，必然的”；D选项decisive“决定性的，果断的，坚定的”。句意：通过和平方式实现团结是我们_政策。这里表达的是“一贯的政策”，因此A选项符合题意。5.单选题The old couple decided to（ ）a boy though they h

5、ad three children own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“（使）适应，改编”，常用“adapt oneself to sth. 适应”；B选项bring“带来”；C选项receive“收到”；D选项adopt“采纳，收养，选定”。句意：虽然这对老夫妇已经有了三个孩子，但他们还是决定（ ）一个男孩。这里要表达的意思是“领养一个男孩”，因此D选项正确。6.单选题To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an（ ）be

6、tween an eye and a camera.问题1选项A.imageB.analogyC.imitationD.axis【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B选项符合题意。7.单选题I will hold you personally（ ） if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.

7、responsibleB.diverseC.feasibleD.lucrative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项responsible“负责的，可靠的”；B选项diverse“不同的，相异的”；C选项feasible“可行的，可能的”；D选项lucrative“获利多的”。句意：如果这个项目出了什么差错，我将追究你的（ ）。本句表达的意思是“会追究你的责任”，因此A选项符合题意。8.翻译题努力工作和醉心于工作之间有很大的区别。努力工作是指工作有条有理、精力集中，完成许多工作，知道何时歇手，知道除了工作还有生活。而工作狂们常常是缺乏条理，总是寻找理由想做得更多些，没有工作可做时就感到不

8、知所措，想通过工作来逃避问题。他们不知道怎样或何时放松一下，经常把办公室里的活儿带回家里去做，不善于和同事及家人交流沟通。【答案】Theres a big distinction between working hard and being a workaholic. Working hard involves being organized, focused, getting a lot of work done, knowing when to stop, and having a life other than work. Workaholics, on the other hand,

9、are often disorganized, always find reasons for working more, feel lost without work to do, hide from problems through work, dont know how or when to relax, bring work home from the office, cant communicate well with fellow workers and family members.9.单选题One can understand others much better by not

10、ing the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（ ） to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“进退两难的局面，困难的选择”；B选项“面容，脸色”，如：a sad countenance（愁容）；C选项“让步”；D选项“连接处，汇合处”，句意：通过观察别人眼睛的即时和短暂的反应和（ ）来表达思想，我们可以更好地理解他们。题干想表达的含义是“短暂的反应和脸色来表达思想”，因此B选项

11、符合题意。10.单选题If you want to（ ）a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your country.问题1选项A.secureB.assureC.insureD.ensure【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secure“保护，弄到”；B选项assure“保证，担保”；C选insure“给保险”；D选项ensure“确保，使安全”。句意：如果你想（ ）一个愉快的访问，就尽可能多地了解礼仪和贵国的风俗习惯。这里表达的含义是“确保有一个愉快的访问”，因此

12、D选项符合题意。11.单选题The countrys deficit that year（ ）to a record 169.8 billion dollars.问题1选项A.soaredB.souredC.soredD.sourced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项soared“飙升，骤然上升”；B选项soured“发酵，厌烦”；C选项sored“弄伤”；D选项sourced“发动，寻找来源”。句意：该国当年的赤字_创纪录的1698亿美元。这里表达的是“当年的赤字飙升至”，因此A选项符合题意。12.单选题The gangster（ ）at his helpless victim and

13、 put a cigarette just out of reach.问题1选项A.sneeredB.scornedC.grinnedD.glared【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（ ），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。13.单选题By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society

14、was（ ）disintegration.问题1选项A.on the ground ofB.on the top ofC.in the light ofD.on the verge of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the ground of“以为理由，因为”；B选项on the top of“在的顶部，在之上”；C选项in the light of“根据，按照”；D选项on the verge of“濒临于，接近于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会处于解体的_。这里表示的是奴隶社会濒临解体的边缘，因此D选项符合题意。14.单选题There are various ways in w

15、hich individual economic units interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commoditi

16、es from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, really goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade an old car in exchang

17、e for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction on money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods, and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over

18、all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, showed the amounts of

19、 each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every persons

20、place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide

21、for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.1.What is the main purpose of the passage?2.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to（ ）.3.According to the passage

22、, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a certain for determining a persons place in a traditional society?5.In paragraph 2 sentence 3, “barter” means（ ）.问题1选项A.To outline contrasting type of economic systems.B.To

23、explain the science of economics.C.To argue for the superiority of one economic system.D.To compare barter and money-exchange markets.问题2选项A.rapid speed transactionsB.misunderstandingC.inflationD.difficulties for traders问题3选项A.Individual householdsB.Small businessesC.Major corporationsD.The governme

24、nt问题4选项A.Family backgroundB.AgeC.Religious beliefD.Custom问题5选项A.exchange good, property for other goodsB.a more unitC.a kind of foodD.trade【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.（三种基本方式可以描述为

25、市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。）文章第一段就点明了三种不同类型的经济体系：市场体系、行政管理体系和传统体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系，每一段的第一句都点明了具体要介绍的体系。而文章中作者并没有解释有关经济学方面的知识，也没有表示哪一种经济体系更优越，因此A选项“概述不同类型的经济制度”正确。B选项“来解释经济学”，是作者没有解释的；C选项“论证单一经济体系的优越性”，作者在文中是没有论述的；D选项“比较易货市场和货币交换市场”，只是市场体系中的两种形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第四句话In a barter economy, really good

26、s such as automobiles.wants to trade an old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的，找到想用旧车交换帆船的人可能并不总是一件容易的任务。）通过这句话可以看出，在易货经济中，可见这种有形的物物交换对交换者而言是具有很大难度的，交易者想要做交易并没有那么容易，因此D选项“对交易者的困难”正确。A选项“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特点；B选项“误解，误会”这一点原文并没有提到；C选项“膨胀；通货膨胀”不是易货经济

27、体现的。3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段The central plan, drawn up by the government, showed the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated different households for consumption.（政府制定的中央计划显示了不同公司生产的每种商品的数量，并分配给不同的家庭用于消费。）这一段讲述了如何去制定市场的相关规定，而最高级的规定制定就来自于政府，因此D选项正确。A选项“个体户”，他们只是经济的参与者；B选项

28、“小企业”，没有这个权利；C选项“大公司”，仍然没有政府的等级高。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段第一句话every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom.（每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的），可以得出只有B选项“年龄”是没有提到的，因此B选项正确。A选项“家庭背景”；C选项“宗教信仰”；D选项“风俗”都是提到了的。5.语义推断题。根据题干定位到第二段In a barter economy, really goods such a

29、s automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other obviously.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的。）可以看出来在易货经济中交易的都是一些实在的物品，因此A选项“用货物、财产等交换其他货物”是正确的。B选项“一个单位”原文没有提及；C选项“一种食物”，只是其中的一种；D选项“交易”，这就是这件事本身。15.单选题In the 1700s North American colonists proclaimed their wealth and social（ ）by wearing el

30、aborate stockings.问题1选项A.responsibilityB.eventsC.organizationD.status【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项responsibility“责任；职责”，B选项events“事件；大事”，C选项organization“组织；机构”，D选项status“地位；状态”；根据句意我们知道穿长筒袜是殖民者炫耀自己地位的一种手段，因此答案为D。句意为：在18世纪，北美殖民者通过穿着精心制作的长筒袜来展示他们的财富和社会地位。16.单选题The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend

31、 in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends. This basic, but often overlooked, principle is now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.

32、That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually tr

33、anslates into fewer workers relative to retirees, which puts tremendous strains on public offers and the economy as a whole. Indeed, one recent study finds that almost half the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last decades.Even China may see its sky-

34、high growth “come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks” because of its one-child policy, as Carlos Cavalle and I argues in a recent reportThe Sustainable Demographic Dividend. By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than C

35、hina over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow. In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. Finally, its not just fertility that matters, its also marriage. A

36、t least in the west, children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family. In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully emplo

37、yed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married family.And around the globe, men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are married; this is one reason men worldwide enjoy “marriage premium” in their income, ranging from about 14 percent (Mexico

38、) to 19 percent (United States) to 35 percent (Russia). So, at least when it comes to men research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stabilit

39、y and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.1.The main idea of this passage is that（ ）.2.One reason that the worlds leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that（ ）.3.“.its work force is poised to grow” (Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.From the passage we know

40、 that（ ）.5.According to the passage, all the following can affect economy EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.暂缺B.both marriage and fertility affect a countrys economyC.marriage has important implications for worker productivityD.India will outpace Chinas economic growth rate by the end of the century问题2选项A.there is a

41、 global economic crisis in recent yearsB.there are fewer babies, and consequently, people spend less on many commoditiesC.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many yearsD.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole问题3选项

42、A.its work force pauses to growB.its work force continues to grow fastC.its work force continues to grow steadilyD.its work force grows slowly问题4选项A.children from an intact, married family are more likely to have a better lifeB.the more people a country has, the stronger economy it will haveC.the he

43、alth of the global economy depends entirely on individual familiesD.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children问题5选项A.the size of familiesB.the stability of familiesC.the quality of familiesD.men and women ratio within the families【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。在第二段的

44、第一句话The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.（婚姻和生育率的下降是全球经济危机的一个因素。）之后的段落也是就这一点进行了具体阐释，因此B选项“婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济”正确。C选项“婚姻对工人的生产力有重要的影响”，与原文不符；D选项“到本世纪末，印度的经济增长率将超过中国”，在原文的第三段In fact, the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advant

45、age to outpace Chinas economic growth rates by the end of the century. （事实上，兰德公司的研究表明，到本世纪末，印度可能会利用这一人口优势超过中国的经济增长速度。）确实有提到，但是并不是文章的主旨。2.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段That is, one reason that some of the, worlds leading economiesfrom Japan to Italy to Spain to the Euro zone as a wholeare facing fiscal challenges

46、is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels (2.1 children per woman) for decades. （世界主要经济体从日本到意大利，西班牙对欧元区作为一个整体所面临的财政挑战的是，他们的生育率已经低于人口更替水平（平均每个妇女生育2.1个孩子）几十年了。）因此C选项“这些国家的人生育的孩子比替换人口所需的要少的事情持续了多年”正确。A选项“近年来，全球出现了经济危机”，文章没有说这是原因之一；B选项“婴儿越来越少，因此，人们在许多商品上花的钱越来越少”，文章没有提出这个观点；D选项“国库和

47、整个经济都承受着巨大的压力”这也不是财政面临问题的原因。3.语义推测题。首先定位到句子后面说By contrast, a recent Rand study suggests that India will have more favorable demographics than China over the next few decades, insofar as its work force is poised to grow.（相比之下，兰德公司（Rand）最近的一项研究表明，在未来几十年里，印度的人口结构将比中国更有利，因为它的劳动力将继续增长。）根据句子说印度的人口结构更加有利，可

48、以知道他们的劳动力将会继续稳步上升，因此C选项“劳动力持续稳定增长”正确。A选项“它的劳动力暂停增长”不合题意；B选项“它的劳动力继续快速增长”快速是没有提到的；D选项“它的劳动力增长缓慢”与原文不符。4.判断推理题。定位到倒数第三段In the U.S., for instance, children are more likely to graduate from high school, complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact, married

49、family.（例如，在美国，如果孩子在一个完整的已婚家庭中长大，他们更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并在年轻时获得有收入的工作。）因此A选项“来自完整的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能拥有更好的生活”正确。B选项“一个国家的人口越多，它的经济就会越强”，不符合题意，是要人口结构更好，才会经济发展更快；C选项“全球经济的健康完全取决于单个家庭”，绝对化表达，并且不符合题意；D选项“男人在要孩子的时候可能会更努力工作”，与原文不符，原文是说的“婚后”，并不是“要孩子的时候”。5.判断推理题。根据题干和选项定位到最后一段The bottom-line message is that what happen

50、s in the home does not stay at home rather, the size of families, and their stability and quality, has important implication for the health of the global economy.（最重要的信息是，家庭的规模、家庭的稳定性和质量对全球经济的健康有着重要的影响。）因此只有D选项“家庭中的男女比例”是没有提及的。A选项“家庭的规模”；B选项“家庭的稳定性”；C选项“家庭的质量”都是原文提到了的。17.单选题Consequently, this young

51、woman would have（ ）curiosity because she was well dressed and though no longer a girl, she was not wearing black.问题1选项A.risenB.arousedC.causedD.woken【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risen“上升；提高”，B选项aroused“唤起”，C选项caused“引起；使遭受”，D选项woken“醒来；唤醒”，“引发了某人的好奇心”是：arise ones curiosity，因此B选项符合题意。句意为：因此，这个年轻的女人一定会引起人们的好奇心，

52、因为她穿着得体，虽然不再是女孩，但也没有穿黑衣服。18.单选题Frank stormed into the room and（ ）the door, but it wasnt that easy to close the door on what Jack had said.问题1选项A.slashedB.slammedC.slippedD.slapped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项slashed“削减”；B选项slammed“砰地关上，猛烈抨击”；C选项slipped“滑动”；D选项slapped“侮辱，拍击，掴耳光”。句意：弗兰克冲进房间，_的一声关上了门，但要把杰克说的话关起来

53、可不容易。这里是“砰的一声把门关上的意思”，只有B选项可以表达这个意思，B选项符合题意。19.单选题Unable to defend themselves, some Asian countries were once（ ）the mercy of the imperialist powers.问题1选项A.inB.onC.toD.at【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项in“在里”；B选项on“在之上，向，朝”；C选项to“朝，位于”；D选项at“在”。句意：一些亚洲国家由于无法自卫，一度听凭帝国主义列强的摆布。这里考查的是固定搭配on the mercy of“任由摆布，听的指令”，因此

54、C选项符合题意。20.单选题We need someone really（ ）who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.问题1选项A.crucialB.realisticC.essentialD.efficient【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的，决定性的”；B选项realistic“现实的，现实主义的”；C选项essential“基本的，必要的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的”。句意：我们需要一个真正（ ）人，他能组织好办公室，使之顺利运作。通过句意可以看出，这个所需要的人应该是“很

55、有效率的”，因此D选项符合题意。21.单选题As he walked out of the court, he was（ ）with frustration and rage.问题1选项A.applaudingB.quiveringC.paralyzingD.limping【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项applauding“赞同，称赞”；B选项quivering“颤抖”；C选项paralyzing“瘫痪，麻痹”；D选项limping“跛行”。句意：当他走出法庭时，他因沮丧和愤怒而（ ）。这里表达的意思是“因沮丧和愤怒而颤抖。”因此B选项符合题意。22.翻译题The US Departm

56、ent of Labor statistics indicate that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there is an overabundance of teachers, engineers, physics and other specialists. Yet college and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained peo

57、ple to complete for jobs that arent there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college. These “temporary” jobs have a habit of becoming permanent.【答案】美国劳工部统计数字表明，高校毕业的劳工供应过剩，而且这个过剩正在不断增加。已经有过量的老师、工程

58、师、物理学家和其他专家。然而高校和研究院每年都在继续培养出高度受训的人员，来竞争潜在的岗位。结果是，毕业生无法从事与他们受训内容相关的工作，只能接受不要求学位的临时工作。这些“临时”工作有变成永久性工作的习惯。23.单选题The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.

59、 Therefore, it is important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. It is

60、encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you or to trip you, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land t