(2021年整理)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析

1、(完整版)2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为(完整版)2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析的全部内容。1（完整版)2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析编辑整理：张

2、嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是我们任然希望 (完整版)2014这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区，这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力.本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为(完整版）2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案解析这篇文档的全部内容。22014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案解析Section IUse of

3、 EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。（10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have1thatnormalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to thosewho are overweight.And there

4、 are health conditions for which being overweight isactuallydeficiency than thin women. 3is often an of good health.Ofevengreater isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficultto define. It is often defined body mass index， or BMI。 BMIbody mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 1

5、8 to 25is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight。 And2。 Forexample， heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumamong the elderly, being somewhat overweight4567over30isconsideredobese. Obesity， 8severely obese， and very severely obese.,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,While

6、such numerical standards seem9 ， they are not. Obesityisprobably less a matter of weight than body people with a high BMI are infact extremely fit, 10others with a low BMI may be in poor11. 3For example, many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is

7、Conversely, someone with a small framemay have high body fat but aTodaywehavea(an） 14are sometimes 1516 withobesityincludelaziness， lackofwillpower， andlowerprospectsforsuccess. Teachers， employers, and health professionals have been shown to harborbiases against the 17 very young children tend to l

8、ook down on theoverweight， and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools。Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns， havestimulatedanumberofantiobesity 19 。 Myownhospitalsystemhasbanned13BMI.tolabelobesityasadisgrace。Theoverweightin the media with their faces covered.

9、 Stereotypessugary drinks from its Many employers have instituted weight loss andfitness initiatives。 Michelle Obama launched a highvisibility campaign20childhood obesity， even claiming that it represents our greatest nationalsecurity threat.1. A deniedB conducedB dangerousB HoweverC doubledD ensure

10、d2. A protectiveC sufficientC LikewiseDtroublesome3。 A InsteadThereforeD4。 A indicatorB objectiveB relevanceC originD example5。 A impactconcernC assistanceD46。 A in terms ofofB in case ofC in favor ofD in7. A measuresB determinesB in contrastB conservativeC equalsD modifiesD in part D 8。 A in essenc

11、eC in turn9。 A complicatedstraightforwardC variable10. A soB unlikeC sinceC balanceD unless11。 A shape12. A start13。 A strange14。 A optionB spiritD tasteD stayB qualifyB changeableB reasonC retireC normalD constantD tendencyDC opportunityC imitated15。 A employedmonitoredB pictured16. Acompared17. A

12、EvenB combinedC settledC YetC ignoredD associatedD OnlyB Still18。 A despisedgroundedB corrected D 19. A discussions B businesses20。 A for B againstC policiesC withD studiesD withoutSection II Reading Comprehension5Part ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b

13、y choosing B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。(40 points)Text 1What would you do with590m？ This is now a question for Gloria an84year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridato collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history 。 Ifshe hopes hernew-foundfortu

14、newillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment， shecoulddoworsethanread “Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton。These two academics use an array of behavioural research to show that the mostrewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive。Fantasies of great wealthoften involve visions of fanc

15、y cars and extravagant satisfaction withthese material purchases wears off fairly quickly.What was once exciting and newbecomesoldhat； regretcreepsin. Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting unique meals or even going to thecinema。 These purchases often bec

16、ome more valuable with timeas stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others。Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersget the most “happiness bang for your buck. t seems most people would be betteroff if they could shorten their commutes t

17、o spend more time with friends andfamily and less of it watching television (something the average American spends awhopping two months a year and is hardly jollier for gifts or6giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyarecons

18、umedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonaldsrestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRibamarketingtrickthat has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession。Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy but people in wealthier count

19、riesare generally happier than those in poor Yet the link between feeling goodand spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most Not everyonewill agree with theauthors policy ideas, which range from mandatin

20、g more holidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers。 Butmostpeoplewillcomeaway from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dunn and Norton， which of the following is the most rewardingpurchase？A A big house.B A special tour。C A stylish car。D A rich meal.22. The autho

21、rs attitude toward Americans watching TV is _。A criticalB supportive7C sympatheticD ambiguous23。 McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that _。A consumers are sometimes irrationalB popularity usually comes after qualityC marketing tricks are after effectiveD rarity generally increases pleasure24。

22、 According to the last paragraph， “Happy Money” _。A has left much room for readers criticismB may prove to be a worthwhile purchaseC has predicted a wider income gap in the usD may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to _。A balance feeling good and spending mone

23、yB spend large sums of money won in lotteriesC obtain lasting satisfaction from money spentD become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article inhas pointed out that empirical research saysScientific Americathat,actually， youthinkyouremorebeautifulthanyouare。 Wehaveadeep-seated8needtofe

24、elgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofselfenhancingstrategies to achieve Social psychologists have amassed oceans of researchinto what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”，andshown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership，93 in

25、driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statisticalimpossibilities.We rosetint our memories and put ourselves into situations。We become defensive when and apply negative stereotypes to others toboost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavio

26、ural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study intoself-enhancement and attractiveness。 Rather than have people simply rate theirbeauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph ofthemselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more andless

27、 attractive。 Visual recognition， reads the study, is “an automaticpsychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparentconscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flatteringimage-which most didthey genuinely believed it was really how they looked。Epl

28、ey found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there anyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancethemost(thatis， theparticipantswhothoughtthe most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profoundinsecurities. Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractive

29、nessscale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having9higher selfesteem. “I dont think the findings that we having have are anyevidence of personal delusion， says Epley. “Its a reflection simply of peoplegenerally thinking well of themselves。” If you are depressed，

30、 you wont beselfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epleys study， it makes sense that why people hatephotographsofthemselvessoviscerallyononelevel,theydontevenrecognisetheperson in the picture as themselves. Facebook therefore, is a selfenhancersparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos，

31、thecreamoftheirwit,style， beauty， intellectandlifestyle. Itsnotthatpeoplesprofilesaredishonest， says Catalina Toma of WisconsinMadison university， but they portrayan idealised version of themselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat_.A our self-ratings are unrealistical

32、ly highB illusory superiority is baseless effectC our needs for leadership is unnaturalD selfenhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be peoples _。A rapid watchingB conscious choiceC intuitive responseD automatic self-defence1028。 Epley found that people with higher

33、self-esteem tended to _。A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions29。Theword“viscerally （Line2，Para。5）isclosestinmeaningto_。A instinctivelyB occasionallyC particularlyD aggressively30。 ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookissel

34、f-enhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_.A present their dishonest profilesB define their traditional life stylesC share their intellectual pursuitsD withhold their unflattering sidesText 3Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety. Tears， betheyofsorrow,anger or typically make Americans feel uncomfort

35、able and Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize， evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的） tragedy11was the The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible toput an end to the emotional outpouring.But judging from recent studies of cryingbehavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical compositi

36、on of tears，both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even becounterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional Sinceevolution has given rise to if purposeless physiological response, it islogical to assume that crying has one or more functions that

37、enhance survival。Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers （asacryingbabymightfromitsmother)， thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessary to get help.Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely thantears to gain So， it there must be something special abouttears

38、 themselves。Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role inalleviating stress。 University of Minnesota researchers who are studying thechemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals fromemotional tears.Both chemicals are found only in tear

39、s that are shed in responseto emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to a cut onion would contain no suchsubstance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness oftears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs。At Tulane Universitys Tear Analysis Lab orat

40、ory Dr。 Peter Kastl and his12colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure tomedication （药物）,to determine whether a contact lens fits properly or why it maybe uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome effects of eyesurgery， and perhaps even to measure exp

41、osure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University， Dr。 Linsy Farris and colleagues are studying tearsfor clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes.Tears can be obtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefined analyses。31。 It is known from t

42、he first paragraph that _.A shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB crying may often irritate people or even result in tragedyC crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleD one who sheds tears in public will be blamed32。 What does “both those responses to tears （Line6, Para， 1） refe

43、r to?A Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers。C The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of 33。 “Counterproductive” （Line 7， Pa

44、ra. 1） most probably means “_.A having no effect at allB leading to tensionC producing disastrous impactD harmful to health34。 What does the author say about crying?A It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.B It must have a role to play in mans survival。C It is meant to get atten

45、tion and assistance。D It usually produces the desired effect.35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears？A Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.13B Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears。C Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some c

46、ases。D Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.Text 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy thefocus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy 。 Housing is seldommentioned.Why is that?To some extent the housing sector must sho

47、ulder the blame.We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute toeconomic Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It ishardtojostleforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject， soitis inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere。But

48、 perhaps the mostsignificant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless， theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate。 Waitinglistsincrease all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the gover

49、nment tohelp rectify needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take somesteps to address our urgent housing need。There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. Thecommunities minister， Don Foster， has hinted that George Chancellor ofthe may introduce more flexibility to th

50、e current cap on the amount thatlocal authorities can borrow against their housing stock shows that60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,14increasing GDP by 0。6。Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rentalenvironment， which would have a signi

51、ficant impact on the ability of registeredproviders to fund new developments from revenues。Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting 4.5billionprogrammeof grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in is unlikely t

52、o beextended beyond then.The Labour party has recently announced that it will retainalargepartofthecoalitionsspendingplansifitreturnstopower。Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflargescalepublic grants。We need to adjust to this changing climate.Whilethegovernmentscomm

53、itmenttolong-termfundingmayhavechanged， theverypressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away。36。 The author believes that the housing sector _。A has attracted much attentionB involves certain political factorsC shoulders too much responsibilityD has lost its real value in e

54、conomy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has _。A increased its home supplyB offered spending opportunities15C suffered government biasesD disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5，George Osborne may _.A allow greater government debt for housingB stop local authorities from b

55、uilding homesC prepare to reduce housing stock debtD release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would _。A lower the costs of registered providersB lessen the impact of government interferenceC contribute to funding new developmentsD relieve the minist

56、ers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may _。A implement more policies to support housingB review the need for large-scale public grantsC renew the affordable housing grants programmeD stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart BDirections:16Readthefollow

57、ingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumn that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. (10points)Uncommon GroundLand Art in BritainThe term Land Art brings to mind epic interventions in the land such as RobertSmithsonsSpiralJetty,6,500tonsofbasalt

58、,earthandsaltprojectingintoUtahsGreatSaltLake,orRodenCrater,anextinctvolcanoinArizona， whichJamesTurrellhas been transforming into an immense naked-eye observatory since 1979.RichardLongsALineMadeByWalking,however， involvednothingmorestrenuousthan a 20-minute train ride from Having got off somewhere

59、 in theartistwalkedbackwardsandforwardsoverapieceofgrassuntilthesquashedturfformed a line, a kind of drawing on the land.Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art wasone of a range of new including Body Art, Performance Action Art andInstallation Art, which pushed a

60、rt beyond the traditional confines of the studio andgallery. Ratherthanportrayinglandscape,landartistsusedthephysicalsubstanceof the land itself as their medium。ThemessageofthissurveyofBritishlandartthemostcomprehensivetodate-isthat the British variant, typified by Longs not only more domesticallysc