新一代信息技术及其对制造业发展的影响概述

1、新一代信息技术及其对制造业发展的影响New Generation of Information Technology and Its Impacts on Manufacturing Industry杨善林Yang Shanlin合肥工业大学Hefei University of Technology一、新一一代信息技术术发展的的基本特征BasicCharacteristicsoftheNew GenerationofInformationTechnology二、新一一代信息息技术对对制造业业发展的影响ImpactsoftheNew GenerationofInformationTechnol

2、ogy on ManufacturingIndustry三、互联网时时代的制制造工程程管理科科学问题题ScientificProblemsofManufacturingEngineeringManagement In theInternetEra提纲纲近年来，“新一一代信息息技术”这一概概念被提提出并广广泛使用用。而新新一代信信息技术术并不仅仅仅是芯芯片技术术、通信信网络技技术、数数据挖掘掘、人工工智能、虚拟现现实等单单一信息息技术自自身的纵纵向升级级，更主主要的是是信息技技术与产产业的融融合，从从而推动动的信息息服务平平台和产产业的整整体代际际变迁。Inrecentyears, thecon

3、cept of newgenerationinformationtechnologyhasbeenproposedandwidely used. Andthenew generationofinformationtechnologyisnotjusta vertical upgradeofchiptechnology,communicationnetwork technology, DM,AI,VRandothersingleinformationtechnologyitself. Butmore importantistheintegrationdevelopmentofinformatio

4、ntechnologyandindustries,andthuspromote awholeintergenerationalchange of theinformationservice platform andindustries.信息技术术的发展可可以划分分为三个个阶段，第一阶阶段以上上世纪80年代开始始广泛使使用的以以大型机机、中型型机、小小型机和和哑终端端为标志志，这被被认为是是第一代代信息技技术平台台。而上世纪80年代代中期到到本世纪纪初，随着个个人计算算机和通通过网络络连接的的分散式式服务器器的普及及，则标标志着第第二代信信息技术术平台阶阶段。Thedevelopmentofin

5、formationtechnology canbedivided intothreestages.Asa symbol,the first stagebeganwith theextensiveusingoflarge, mediumandsmall-sizedmachineanddumbterminalsin1980s, which is consideredasthe first generationofinformationtechnologyplatform.And fromthe mid-80soflastcentury to thebeginningofthiscentury,wi

6、th thepopularity of personal computersanddecentralizedservers connectedviathe network, theinformationtechnology hasentered thesecond-generationplatform.近十年来来，物联网、云计算、大数据据、移动动互联网网和社交交网络等等新兴信信息技术术快速发发展，形形成了新新一代的的信息技技术平台台架构。Overthepastdecade, Internet of things,cloudcomputing,bigdata,mobile Internet,so

7、cialnetworkingandotheremerginginformationtechnologieshaveshownarapiddevelopment,forming anewgeneration ofinformationtechnology platform architecture.新一代信息技术术发展的的热点不仅仅是信息息领域各个个分支技技术的纵向发展展，而更更重要的的是指信信息技术术横向渗透透融合到到制造、服务等等其他行业业，信息息技术研研究的主主要方向向将从产产品技术术转向服服务技术术。以信信息化和和工业化化深度融融合为主主要目标标的“互互联网+”是新新一代信信息技术术的集

8、中中体现。Thefocusofthe newgeneration of information technologyisnotonly theverticalupgradingofthevariousbranchesofinformationtechnology,butmore importantly thehorizontalintegrationwith manufacturing,serviceandotherindustries.Themain research directionofinformationtechnology willshiftfrom producttechnolo

9、gytoservice technology.TheInternet+aimingatthe integrationofinformatizationandindustrializationistheembodimentofthenewgenerationofinformationtechnology.参考：李国杰杰，新一代代信息技技术发展展新趋势势，人民民日报，2015年8月2日。总体来说，新新一代信息技术术，新在网络互联联的移动动化和泛泛在化、信息处处理的集集中化和和大数据据化、信信息服务务的智能能化和个性化。Ingeneral,thenew of thenewgenerationofin

10、formationtechnology referstothemobile andubiquitous networkinteraction, thecentralizedandbig data-basedinformationprocessing,and theintelligentandpersonalized information service.网络互联联的移动动化和泛泛在化Mobileand ubiquitousnetworkinteraction近年来，超宽带带、低延延时、高高密度、高可靠靠、高可可信的无无线通信信技术的的快速发发展使得得移动互互联网快快速普及及，基于于移动互互联

11、网的的移动应应用服务务成为互互联网应应用的主主要形式式，移动动互联网网用户规规模已超超过桌面面计算机机用户。Inrecentyears, therapiddevelopmentofwirelesscommunicationtechnologies, withultrawideband,low latency, highdensity,highreliabilityandhighcredibility,has promoted therapidpopularizationofmobileInternet.Mobile applicationsandservicesbasedonmobileInt

12、ernethave becomethemain formofInternetbasedapplications.ThescaleofmobileInternetusershave exceededthedesktop computer users.未来随着计算算成本的的逐渐降降低和计计算能力力的快速速提升以以及基于于软件的的服务，泛在的的网络服服务将无无处不在在，成为为实现更更广泛的的物与物物、人与与物、人与人人之间交交互连接的重重要载体体。Infuture,withthegradualreductionofcomputationalcostsandtherapidincreaseincomp

13、utingpower,aswellasthesoftwarebasedservices,ubiquitousnetwork services willbeeverywhere.They willbecomeimportantcarrierstoachieve theinteractionofthingsand things,peopleandthings, andpeopleand people.信息处理理的集中中化和大大数据化Centralizedandbig data-basedinformationprocessing云计算技技术的快快速发展展，使得得分散的的服务器器能够集集中在云云计算

14、中中心，基基于虚拟拟化技术术统一调调度存储储和计算算资源，从而提高高信息服务务效率，更高效效地满足足动态变变化的信信息服务务需求。With therapiddevelopmentofcloudcomputingtechnology,the distributedserverscanconcentrateincloudcomputingcenter.Thedispatchofstorageandcomputingresourcescanbeaunifiedscheduling based on virtualization technology,thusimprovingtheefficienc

15、yofinformationservice,andbetter satisfyingthedynamic information servicedemands.计算机输入输出出和存储储芯片技技术的革革命性发发展，使使得集中中式信息息处理的的成本不不断降低低，信息息处理效效率大幅幅提升。电子商商务、互互联网金金融和社社交网络络的普及及和应用用，让越越来越多多的消费费者成为为了大数数据的生生产者，数据量量呈现爆爆发式增增长，而而信息技技术与传传统产业业的加速速融合又又不断推推动基于于大数据据的产品品和服务务创新。With therevolutionary development of comput

16、er input andoutputand memorychip technology, thecost of centralized information processingisreduced,the efficiencyofinformationprocessingisgreatly improved.Withpopularizationandapplicationofelectroniccommerce,InternetFinancialandsocial networks,moreandmoreconsumersarebecomingbigdataproducers. Theamo

17、untofdatashowing explosivegrowth.Theacceleratedintegrationofinformationtechnologiesandtraditionalindustries continuetopromotethebigdatabasedproductandservice innovation.信息服务务的智能能化和个性化Intelligentandpersonalized informationservice新兴信息息技术正正在加速速人工智智能朝着着纵深方方向发展展，自然然语言理理解、机机器感知知、情感感计算、深度学学习等人人工智能能技术不不断应用用

18、于人类类生产生生活的诸诸多领域域，推动动智能机机器人、自动驾驾驶汽车车和智慧慧城市等等相关产产业的快快速发展展，不断断提升信信息服务务的智能能化和个个性化水水平。Theemerginginformationtechnology isacceleratingthe developmentindepthofartificial intelligence.AItechnologies includingnaturallanguageunderstanding,machineperception,affectivecomputingand deeplearninghavebeen appliedtom

19、any areas ofproductionandhumanlife.Itfurtherpromote therapiddevelopmentofintelligentrobots, automaticdrivingcars,smartcityandotherrelatedindustries,thusconstantlyimprovingtheintelligence andpersonalizedlevelofinformationservices.虚拟现实（Virtual Reality,VR）技术基基于多源源信息融融合和先先进的计计算机仿仿真，创创建和体体验虚拟拟世界，将对工工业设计计

20、、电子子商务、游戏娱娱乐、医医疗培训训、航空空航天等等诸多领领域带来来深刻影影响，创创新信息息服务的的提供方方式。Basedonmulti-sourceinformationfusion andadvancedcomputersimulation,virtualreality(VR) technologycancreateand experiencethe virtualworld.VRwillhavea profound impactontheindustrialdesign, e-commerce, entertainment, medicaltraining, aerospaceando

21、therfields,promotingtheinnovation of information serviceprovision.1.系统技术术的纵深深化与融融合化Verticaldeepeningandfusionwithindustriesofsystemtechnology2.功能实现现的泛在在化与集集中化Ubiquityandcentralizationoffunctionalimplementation3.信息处理理的分散散化与云云集化Decentralizationandcloud-centralizationofinformationprocessing4.信息服务务的个性性化

22、与共共性化Individualizationandgeneralizationofinformationservices 在“网前时代”，由于科学技术的发展和各类自然资源及人造资源的利用，已经形成了相应的产品设计与生产方式、服务提供与交易方式、经济组织与发展方式。互联网与大数据作为一类新的人造资源加入到经济发展过程中，必然引起产业发展的重大变革。 In the era of “pre-Internet”, owing to the development of science and technology and the utilization of various nature and ma

23、n-made resources, relevant products designing and manufacturing patterns, service delivering and dealing ways, and the economic organization and development paradigm have already formed. As a new type of resource, Internet and big data integrating into the economic development processes will definit

24、ely trigger significant revolutions to the development of industries. 对产品构造造的影响TheImpact on theproductstructure在产品技技术方面面，互联联网与大大数据资资源不断断融入到到传统产产品中，成为产产品的一一个关键键零部件件，使产产品逐步步成为智智能产品品和互联联化的智智能终端端。它能能够提升升产品的的效能价价值，拓拓展产品品的应用用范围。融入互联联网与大大数据资资源的制造业发展ThedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryintegratingInternetan

25、dbigdataresourcesWith respecttothe producttechnology,Internetand bigdata resourcesaresteadilyintegratedinto traditional products andbecomethe keypartsofproducts,making theproductsturn intointelligentand connectedterminals. It canpromote theproductsutilityandvalueand alsoextend theapplicationsrangeof

26、the products.智能网联汽车的的新技术术架构对产品全生生命周期期过程的的影响Theimpact on theproductlifecycle在产品研发发、生产产、使用用、维护护、维修修和再制制造方面面，互联网网与大数数据资源源深度渗渗透到产产品全生生命周期期过程中中，能够够形成众众智设计计和智能能制造，能够提高高产品设设计的创创新能力力和产品品生产及及维护的的智能化化水平，降低制造过程风险险。With respecttothe R&D,production,usage, maintenance,repairing, andre-manufacturing of products,In

27、ternetandbig dataresources permeatingintotheproductlifecyclecan formthe crowd-intelligencedesigningand intelligent manufacturing, so as to enhancethe innovationabilityonproduct designingandthe intelligencelevelofproductsmanufacturing andmaintenance,and at thesame timelowerthe riskinthe manufacturing

28、process.例如，在汽车车产品全全生命周周期过程程中，互联联网与大大数据提提供了全新的的技术手手段以及及海量数数据，改变了了人们对对产品全全生命周周期各阶阶段的关关注重点点。Forexample,inthe automobileproductlifecycleprocess,Internetand bigdata providenew technologicalmeansand massivedata,thuschangingpeoplesfocuses on eachstages of productlifecycle process.对制造资源源组织方方式的影响Theimpact on

29、 theorganizationmanner of manufacturingresources在制造资资源的组组织方式式方面，互联网网与大数数据资源源广泛应应用于供供应商、销售商商和协作作商的协协同过程程中，能能够形成成全球化化网络制制造，优化价值值链和价价值网络络，使之之能够更更快地发发现市场场需求，更好地地在全球球组织制制造资源源，显著著提高制造造业的资源利利用效率率。With respecttotheorganization mannerofmanufacturingresources, Internet andbigdataresourcesare widelyapplied in

30、thecollaboration processamongthe suppliers, manufacturers, andcontractors,whichcan formglobal networkmanufacturing,and optimize thevaluechainsand value networks.Thus,themarketing demandscan be recognizedmorequickly,themanufacturingresourcescan be finelyorganizedworldwide,andthe resourcesutilizationc

31、anbesignificantlyenhanced.波音707（Boeing707）2% 90%上个世纪纪50年代，著名的波音707客机，只只有大约约百分之之二的零零部件是是在国外外生产的的。目前，波波音787客机工程程量中90%都是由全全球各地地的四十多个合作伙伴伴共同完完成的。波音787（Boeing787）对制造业务务模式的的影响Theimpact on themanufacturing businessmodel在业务模模式创新新方面，互联网网与大数数据资源源能够加加速制造造业服务务化进程程。有远见的制制造商已已经将各各类服务务纳入销销售范围，用用基于产产品的服服务销售售模式取取代原有

32、有的产品品销售模模式，使使得产品品与服务务之间的的界限越越来越模模糊。With respecttothe business model innovation, Internet andbigdataresourcescanaccelerate themanufacturing industryservitisation process. Far-sighted manufacturershaveincludedvarious services as thesale scope,andreplacetheproductsaleswith servicesales, makingthebounda

33、rybetweenproductsandservicesmoreandmorevague.利用互联网与大数据据资源创造全新新产品服务一站式服务远程服务预防式服务新型服务来源：波特.哈佛商业评论, 2015.UsingInternetandbig dataresources to createnewservicesOne-stopserviceRemoteservicePreventive serviceNew-typeservice总之，充充分利用互联网与与大数据据这一新新的战略略性人造造资源，不不断提高高产品的的智能化化水平、研发与与生产过过程的开开放式创创新水平平和基于于产品的的服务化化水

34、平，并能重重构制造造资源组组合，优优化制造造业生态态系统。Inall, makingfull useofInternetandbig dataresources canconstantly improvethe intelligencelevelofproducts,the openinnovationlevelofR&Dand productionprocess,and theservitization level based on products.Furthermore,itcan reconstruct themanufacturing resourcecombinationandop

35、timizethe ecosystemofmanufacturing industry.综上所述述，互联联网与大大数据资资源已经成为为现代制造造业创新新不可或缺缺的重要要组成部部分，极极其深刻刻地影响响着制造造业的发发展战略略和经营营模式。在激烈烈的国际际竞争中中，互联网与与大数据据资源正在推动动着制造造业的持持续创新新，高效地满足日益益多元化的的客户需需求。Inconclusion,Internetandbig dataresources havebecome asignificantpartofmodernmanufacturingindustryinnovation,anddeeply

36、influencethedevelopmentstrategyand business model of manufacturingindustry. In thefierceinternationalcompetitions, Internet andbigdataresourcesare promotingthecontinuousinnovationofmanufacturing industry andthus effectively satisfyincreasingly diversified customersdemands.互联网与大数据据技术等等新兴信信息技术术的快速速发展，

37、深刻地影影响着制制造工程程管理过程程，改变变了制造过程中人人与人、人与组组织、人人与资源源等交互方式式。TherapiddevelopmentofInternetandbigdataandotheremerginginformationtechnologies, profoundlyaffects theprocess of manufacturingengineeringmanagement.Itchangestheinteractivemode of peopleandpeople,peopleand organization,aswell as peopleandresources in

38、themanufacturing process.呈现出制造过过程协同同化、制制造方式式个性化化、制造造资源全全球化、制造数数据多元元化、制制造产品品服务化化等特点点，使企业业组织形态态、运营营决策模模式、协协同制造造方式和和制造生生产模式式等方面发生生了重大大变革，从而也也带来了了很多新新的管理理科学问问题。Itshowsmany newcharacteristics, includingmanufacturingprocess collaboration,manufacturing methodspersonalization,manufacturing resource globaliz

39、ation, manufacturingdatadiversity,andmanufacturingproductservice-oriented.Thus,itbringsthegreattransformationsofenterpriseorganizationform,operation decision model,collaborative manufacturingmethods andmanufacturing productionmode.Italso bringsmany newmanagement scienceresearchissues.创业者应应该充分分利用互互联网

40、资资源开展展创新创业业活动，在创新新创业过过程中既既要打破破互联网网仅仅是是一类技技术系统统或应用用平台的的思维束束缚，又又要克服服急躁情情绪，下下足功夫夫去融合合线上线线下资源源，开发新新产品，创新商商业模式式，推进进基于互联联网资源源的创新新创业活活动。Entrepreneursshouldmakefull useofInternetresourcestocarryout innovationactivities.Intheprocessofinnovationandentrepreneurship,theyshouldbesure to think outsidetheboxofIaaT

41、andIaaP.Also,theyshouldovercomeimpatience, makegreateffortstointegrateonline andoffline resources,developnewproduct,and promotebusinessmodelinnovation.企业应该该基于互互联网的的资源观观重新思思考原有有的生产产经营方方式，分分析企业业面临的内部条件和竞争环境境，结合合自身的的优势，加快基基于互联联网资源源的技术术创新、商业模模式创新新和服务务体系创创新，不不断优化化基于互互联网资资源的企企业发展展战略。Enterprisesshouldrethi

42、nktheoriginalproductionandmanagementmode based on Internet resourceview.Technologicalinnovation,businessmodelinnovation andservice systeminnovation of enterprises basedontheInternetresourcesshould be accelerated,byanalyzingtheinternalcondition andthecompetitionenvironment,and combiningwith itsadvant

43、ages.Thus,thedevelopmentstrategies of enterprises based on Internetresourcecanbeconstantlyoptimized.政府应该该基于互互联网的的资源观观，充分分认识互互联网资资源对经经济社会会发展影影响的基基本规律律，制定定更加精精准的公公共政策策，促进进互联网网资源与与经济社社会的融融合发展展，实现现经济发发展的转转型升级级。BasedontheInternetresourceview,governmentshouldfullyunderstandthebasiclawoftheimpactofInternet

44、resourceontheeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Theintegrated development of Internet resource andeconomy &societycanbepromoted, by formulating moreaccuratepublic policies,thus realizingthetransformationandupgrading of economyand society.例如：1.互联网时代制造造生态系系统的演演变与重重构理论(Evolutionandreconstructiontheoryofmanuf

45、acturingecosysteminthe eraofInternet)2.互联网时代制造造过程的的价值创创造与服服务化理论(Valuecreationand servicetheory of manufacturingprocessintheera ofInternet)3.互联网时代制造造单元的的自组织织与集成成理论(Self-organizationand integration theoryofmanufacturing units in theeraofInternet)4.互联网时代制造造过程的的智能运运作管理理论论(Intelligentoperationalmanagemen

46、ttheoryofmanufacturingprocess in theeraofInternet)5.互联网时代制造造信息系系统开放放结构与与智能决策理论论(Openstructureofmanufacturinginformationsystemand intelligent decision theoryintheera of Internet)互联网时时代制造造生态系统统的演变与与重构理论论科学问题1互联网与大数据据环境下下，产品形态向数数字化和和服务化化延伸，产品与与服务的的要素不不断拓展展，制造造资源的的组织方方式不断断演化。IntheenvironmentofInternetan

47、dbigdata,productshave graduallybecomedigitalandservice-oriented.The factorsofproductsand servicehavebeencontinuouslyextendedand theorganizationalmode of manufacturingresources hasconstantly evolved.Scientific problem1:Evolutionand reconstruction theoryofmanufacturingecosystemintheera of Internet改变了企

48、业与与企业、企业与与用户、用户与与用户间间的交互方式式，从而而扩展了传统制造造业的产业边界界，形成成了基于于价值网网络的新型制造造生态系统统，并与与其所在在的经济济生态、社会生生态和自自然生态态构成了了多层次次生态系系统结构构。Theseresultinthe changeofinteractionmannerbetweenenterprises,enterprise andcustomer,and customers,and furtherextendedtheindustrialboundaryoftraditionalmanufacturingindustry.Inthis situat

49、ion,the value networkbasednewmanufacturing ecosystemisformed,andthemulti-hierarchicalecosystemstructureisconstructedcombinedwith theeconomic,social,andnaturalecology.分析制造造系统的新新型生态态要素及及其行为模式式，建立层次次化制造造生态系统统结构，并并揭示制制造系统统结构与演演化机制制，在此基基础上重重构制造造生态系系统与企业价值值理论，从而在在系统层面为互互联网与与大数据据环境下制造工程管理理提供基基础理论论支撑。Itisne

50、cessarytoanalyzethenew ecologicalfactors andbehaviorpatterns,toestablishamulti-levelecosystemstructure,andtorevealthesystem structureandevolution mechanismofthemanufacturingsystem. Then, themanufacturing ecosystemandenterprise value theoryarerestructured,whichprovidesthetheoreticalfoundationsupport

51、inthesystemlevel.互联网时时代制造造过程的价价值创造与服务化理理论科学问题2互联网和和大数据据技术不不仅加速速了制造造企业由由传统的的产品化化思维向向服务化化思维的的转变，而且把把制造服服务化的的内涵进进一步深深入，推推动了制制造模式式和商业业模式创创新。Internetandbigdata haveacceleratedthe movement of traditional productthoughttoservice-oriented thoughtinthemanufacturing enterprises,deepenedtheconnotationofservice

52、-orientedmanufacturing,andpromptedthe innovationofmanufacturingandbusinessmodes.Scientific problem2: Value creation andservice theoryofmanufacturing processintheera of Internet制造企业利用用互联网网和大数数据技术术打通线线上数据据分析和和线下智智能生产产过程，利用社社会化制制造资源源和智慧慧资源，聚合客客户需求求、扩展展创新要素素，提高资源源利用效效率，并并以制造服服务的形形式参与与全球化制制造过程程，从而而实现企企业价

53、值值创造。ManufacturingenterprisesuseInternetandbigdata to integrateonlinedataanalysisandofflineintelligentproduction process, socialmanufacturing andwisdomresources to aggregatecustomerrequirementsand expandinnovation sourcessoastoimprovetheutilizationofresources.Also theenterprisesdependontheirpreponde

54、rant resourcestoglobalmanufacturingprocess to implementtheirvaluecreation.研究互联网与与大数据据环境下制造服务资源源管理方法和服服务资源间的的制造服服务价值值网络协协同机制制，在此此基础上进一步步研究制制造服务模式式设计与与评价方方法的关关键技术术问题，丰富和扩展制造造服务化理论。Itisnecessarytostudythemanufacturing serviceresourcesmanagementmethodsofintheInternetand bigdata environment,andthe manufa

55、cturingservice value networkcoordinationmechanisms among serviceresources.Then thekeytechnicalproblemsofservicemodeldesignand evaluationmethods canbefurther studied, which canenrichthemanufacturingservicizationtheory.互联网时时代制造造单元的自组织与与集成理论论科学问题3互联网与大数据据环境下的制造往往涉及及跨部门门、跨行行业、跨跨地区的的多个参参与主体体，需要要构建全全球化制制造

56、网络络，实现现异地设设计和制制造资源源的协同同。IntheenvironmentofInternetandbigdata,manufacturingisgenerallyassociatedwith multiple participantsacrossdepartments, industries, andregions,andneedsthe constructionofglobalmanufacturingnetwork to carry outdistributeddesignand thecollaboration of manufacturingresources.Scientif

57、ic problem3:Self-organizationandintegrationtheory of manufacturingunitsintheera of Internet制造单元以虚虚拟化的的方式实实现全球球制造资资源的广广泛互联联，形成成一个信信息系统统与物理理系统交交织、内内外部制制造功能能单元融融合的立立体化可可重组网网络。制造企业通过过集成不不同企业业的多种种层次的的制造功功能单元元完成制制造任务务，从而而保证全全球制造造资源的的灵活组组织。Manufacturingunitsarevirtualizedtomakeglobalmanufacturingresourcesi

58、nterconnectedtoforma stereoscopicandreconstructednetwork in which information systemisintegrated withphysicalsystem andinternalandexternalfunctionalunitsofmanufacturing areaggregated.Manufacturing enterpriseshaveperformedmanufacturingtasksbytheintegrationofmulti-hierarchical functionalunitsofmanufac

59、turingsoastoguaranteethe flexible organizationofglobalmanufacturingresources.分析互联网与与大数据据环境下制造单元的自自组织行行为特征征，研究制制造单元的网网络自组组织方式式和跨层层次集成成方式，建立制造造单元的基基本组织织和协同同方式，形成互互联网与与大数据据环境下制造单元的自自组织与与集成方法法，从而创新新和发展制造造组织理论论。Itisnecessarytoanalyzetheself-organizingbehaviorcharacteristics, to study thenetworkself organ

60、izationandcross-levelintegrationmethods,andtoestablish thebasicorganizationandcooperativemodesofmanufacturing units.Thus,theselforganizationand integration theoryofmanufacturing units canbeformed, which is theinnovationandthe developmentofthemanufacturingorganizationtheories.互联网时时代制造造过程的智能运运作管理理理论科学