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1、上海概况之地理,气候,文化,医疗,交通,人口,住房For most people the very word“Shanghai”provokes excitement, stimulates imagination, and raises hopes. “So this is Shanghai!” has been a usual exclamation by newcomers, both foreigners and the Chinese. GeographyShanghai is located at the central section of the north-south coa

2、stline of China. This location happens to be the estuary estj()r(河口)of Yangtze River, Asias longest and most important river.The land of Shanghai is 6,340.5 square kilometers, bordered by(与.接壤) the Yangtze River on the north,the Hangzhou Bay on the south,the East China Sea on the east and the Taihu

3、Lake on the west. As a part of the alluvial Yangtze Delta(l(j)uvl 长江三角洲冲积平原), Shanghai is a flat land with an average altitude of 4 meters, apart from a few hills in the southwest. Over the land are many rivers,canals,creeks and lakes which provide rich water resources. The Huangpu River and the Suz

4、hou Creek are the two major waterways running through the city proper(市区),providing both scenic views景观 (=scenic sports 景点,风景区) and water transport. ClimateShanghai has a humid subtropical ,sbtrpkl monsoonmnsun climate (亚热带季风气候)and experiences four distinct seasons. Generally the warm spring and coo

5、l autumn are more comfortable seasons. The summer is hot and humid. In winter the nighttime temperature could drop below freezing, but snowfalls are rare. NamesThe two Chinese characters “上海” in the name “Shanghai” literally mean “up or on” and “sea”, which is evident of Shanghais location at the Ea

6、st China Sea. Shanghai is also called Hu or Shen for short:Hu was originally a bamboo fishing tool the inhabitants used on the shoal l more than a thousand years ago. It was so popular that people used its name to refer to the place where it was found.Shen is adopted in honor of Lord (of) Chunshen,

7、a locally-revered hero in the 3rd century BC.The city has also had several nicknames(外号,别名) in English, including “Paris of the East”, “The Paradise for Adventurers”, and “The Pearl of the Orient”, just to name a few, as references to the city in different periods of history. GovernmentIn modern his

8、tory, Shanghai has been an important administration. At present, it is one of Chinas four municipalities (the other three: Beijing, Tianjing, and Chongqing). Shanghai consists of 17 county-level divisions, including 16 districts and one county, which are further divided into 210 town-ship level sub-

9、divisions. Eight of the districts govern the former part of urban Shanghai on the west bank of the Huangpu River. Seven of the districts govern suburbssb:b , stlat satellite towns, and rural areas farther away from(远离)the urban core(市中心).Pudong New Area governs the newer urban and suburban areas on

10、the east bank of the Huangpu River, which covers a little less than one -fifth of the total territory of Shanghai.The Chongming County administers an area of 1,411 square kilometers, consisting of three islands: Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha, at the mouth of the Yangtze River. Population-ALike mo

11、st international cities, Shanghai is made up of immigrants. Growing from a market town to a booming metropolis, the city has been drawing its inhabitants from all over the country, or rather from all over the world, and from all walks of life各行各业;各界人士.From the late 19th century to the mid-20th centu

12、ry, immigrants consistently made up about 80 percent of the citys population. Since the 1990s, Shanghai has been an increasing influxnflks of migrant magr()nt workers from other provinces.In addition to migrant laborers, Shanghai attracts well-educated people from all over the country. International

13、 firms and foreign investors are also surging into Shanghai. Thousands of foreigners are coming to Shanghai to take advantage of the citys business opportunities. Many of them have fallen in love with the city and settled down. Shanghai has again become home to tens of thousands of expatriates ksptr

14、t . Population-BCurrently, the long-term residents in Shanghai make up a population of 24 million including a migrant population of 9 million from other parts of the country and around 200,000foreign residents rezd()nt . About 80 percent of the migrants are workers from rural areas.These migrants ac

15、count for the entire population increase when Shanghai has registered redstd a negative natural growth rate since 1993. It is worth note that more than 20 percent of the registered population is aged 60 and above.Of the officially registered foreigners in Shanghai, Japanese, Americans and Koreans ar

16、e the three largest foreign nationalities who account for about half of the population. These statistics only show officially registered residents, and the actual number is likely to be much higher.Culture-BRunning water,gas, electricity, telephones, streetcars, automobiles, air-conditioning, etc.-a

17、ll appeared in Shanghai soon after they were introduced in the West. Shanghai was know for its initiatives in the Western-style higher education, for its development of the modern media and the press, and for its leading role in fashion.Its adventurous pursuit brought about its prosperity in literat

18、ure and fine arts and its concentration of Chinas finest movie studios and theaters. The modernity pursuit also results in many other aspects. Now the city is peppered with trendiest restaurants and bars, Asiaa biggest malls, the worlds first maglev train and some of the worlds tallest buildings. Cu

19、lture-CAs Shanghai becomes increasingly global, it has turned out a number of cultural facilities on a par with the world class, such as Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai Grand Theater, Shanghai Oriental Atr Center, Mercedes-Benz Arena, and Shanghai Circuit. More cult

20、ural events are gaining world fame, including Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival, China International Tea Expo, Shanghai Spring International Music Festival, Shanghai International Film Festival, China Shanghai International Arts Festival, Shanghai Art Fair, China Shanghai International

21、 Piano Competition, Shanghai Biennial, Shanghai Rolex Masters, and F1 China. Transport-ATransportation in Shanghai is a big concern of the residents. In the past , people chose to travel in the town by bikes, and the rush hours would witness narrow streets filled up with bikes.With the expansion of

22、urban area and the economic growth, the bikes have been replaced with private cars; therefore, the street scenes at rush hours today are characterized by fleets of various cars. As for the public transport, Shanghai has an extensive system, largely based on buses and a rapidly expanding metro system

23、. Shanghai has the worlds most extensive bus system which boasts 1,200 bus lines, servicing nearly 3 billion passengers in a year.Transport-CThe Shanghai Maglev Train, the first commercial Maglev railway in the world, was constructed by Trans-rapid of Germany in cooperation with Shanghai Municipalit

24、y and the Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co(SMT). The route runs from Longyang Road subway station in Pudong to Pudong International Airport. Its commercial operation started in 2003. The 30 kilometer trip takes 7minutes and 21 seconds and reaches a maximum speed of 431 km/h (267.8 mph).

25、 During a test run, the Maglev was show to reach a top speed of 501 km/h. Housing-AIn a crowded city like Shanghai , the housing condition has been one of the biggest issues for the residents. In the concession period, a kind of eclectic klektk 折衷的residence rezd()ns called Shikumen was created to ac

26、commodate the dense population适应稠密的人口.These two-or three-story townhouses are connected and arranged in straight alleys, know as nongtang. Today portions of the Shikumen houses are preserved in the former French Quarters法租界 while many others were razed to make way for commercial projects or public w

27、orks. Healthcare-AIn essence大体上es()ns , Shanghai surely boasts a good healthcare system at work and the sector continues to get better. There are about 3,500 healthcare institutions on service all over the city, including more than 300 hospitals and about 3,000 community medical centers, capable of

28、administering basic healthcare. Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicaltreatments (TCM)中医治疗 are both on offer here. Probably, some western doctors are inclined to dismiss the TCM treatments; however the fact of the matter is that many Westerners are convinced of their effectiveness, after t

29、aking them on. Private hospitals and clinics in Shanghai are also becoming more common-place in recent years. These are usually joint-venture institutions合资机构. Healthcare-BShanghais registered residents are all covered by the governments social welfare insurance plan, through which citizens pay an i

30、nsurance premium保险 保险费 via their employer or by themselves and in turn receive money for their public hospital fees.Though the medical professionals for so big a population are insufficient, local people are now enjoying better healthcare. The average life expectancy for Shanghai residents was repor

31、ted 82.41 years in 2012. Education-BAfter that, they would go ahead to high schools or vocational schools. The gross enrollment ratio at the college level reached 70 percent in 2012. About half a million students are studying at 67 universities or colleges.Quite a number of Chinas most prestigious u

32、niversities are based in Shanghai, including Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tongji University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, Shanghai International studies University, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, etc. In the education system, the private sector

33、 contributes a significant proportion, claiming 180 primary schools, 112 middle schools and 20 colleges. The private-run kindergartens are numbered 500, more than one third of the total. Education-AShanghai has an all-round education system with more than 3,100 schools providing education from presc

34、hool through higher learning. At the preschool level, 1,400 kindergartens cater for half a million kids. At the primary and the secondary levels, over 1,600 schools provide education for 1.5million students, including 29 special schools. Shanghai adopts the nine -year compulsory education. In the ni

35、ne-year program, pupil at public schools are provided with books by the government and no tuition fees are charged. The majority of the children start their schooling at age of 6 and finish the compulsory period at around 15 years old. Living standardsThe average disposable income for an urban resid

36、ent in Shanghai is a little over RMB40,000 yuan per year. The minimum wage is 1,620 a month. The consumption expenditure消费支出 is 26,000yuan yearly on the average. Food cost takes up 36 to 40 percent, traffic and communications 17 percent, and education and recreation 14 percent. Those who have a high

37、er income tend to spend more on traffic, recreation and dining out. A survey shows that one out of five households owns a car. To maintain the minimum living standard, some families in Shanghai are offered the subsistence allowance by government, which in RMB 640 yuan a month in 2014. Proper Nouns a

38、nd TermsChina Financial Futures Exchange 中国金融期货交易所China International Tea Expo 上海国际茶文化节(每年4月)China Shanghai International Arts Festival 中国上海国际艺术节(每年10月)China Shanghai International Piano Competition 上海国际青年钢琴比赛(每年11月)China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone 中国(上海)自由贸易试验区Compulsory education 义务教育Disposable income 可支配收入Fine chemical processing 精细化工制造业Fine steel products manufacturing 精品钢材制造业Formula 1 China F1大奖赛中国站Garden estates 花园

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