长安大学研究生期末英语考试题

1、长安大学20112012学年第一学期硕士研究生英语试题（A）卷考生注意事项:一本考试由两部分构成：试卷一（PaperOne）包含词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题,按次序一致编号；试卷二(PaperTwo）包含翻译与写作两部分,共2题。两份试卷归并装订成试题册。二试卷一(题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB或2B)铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。三试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWERSHEET上。答题前,请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，免得漏改、漏登成绩.四答题

2、卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考据号,考试结束时一并交回。答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，不然答案无效.五试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。考试结束时间一到，考生一律搁笔，将机读答题卡及主观答题纸留在坐位上,待监考教师收点无误后,经主考教师宣告考试结束方可走开考场。试卷一（PaperOne）PartIVOCABULARY（15minutes，10points）SectionA(0.5pointeach)Directions:Therearetensentencesinthissection.Eachsentencehasonewordorasetofwordsunderlined。Belowth

3、esentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B，CandD。Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet。1.WhenIwasonthedole,Igot5.50perweekfromthegovernmentandspent2.50rent.AondrugBdopedoutConwelfareD

4、onpension2。Hisspeechwasmadewithsuchgreatambiguitythatneithersupporternoropponentcouldbecertainofhistrueposition。AneatnessBacquisitionCvaguenessDperception3。Theeatingprocessisatimetoshowhumilityandconcernforothers。AmodestyBabuseCresponsibilityDpassion4。Someliberalsdreamofextendingsubsidieseligiblelow

5、incomefamilies，butthat$100billiona-yearsolutionwasunrealisticevenbeforethebudgetdeficitballoonedagain。AintheblackBintheredCintheblueDinthegreen15。Whileparticipationinbusinessteamscanofferenormouspsychicsatisfaction，itcanalsocausegreatdistress。AspiritualBphysicalCnaturalDequitable6。Evenwhengovernment

6、regulationsappearspeciallyformulatedtosupportthecultureofcuisine,theyoftengoastray。AdefinedBcollectedCstudiedDstated7.YogaoriginatedinancientIndiaandisoneofthelongestsurvivingphilosophicalsystems。AlivingBexistingChavingDacting8。Impatience，selfcriticismandcomparingoneselftootherswillnothelpinthisproc

7、essofself-knowledge.Aself-insight。Bself-satisfactionCself-esteemDself-respect9。Underpressure，orchangeofinterest，Potentialscanpartiallyorwhollydisappearfromviewforconsiderableperiodsoftime；butnothingcanpermanentlymodifythem,nothingcanobliteratethem。AexpandBformulateCwipeoutDgetout10。Governmentemploye

8、eslivinginremotecommunitiesreceiveanisolatedpostallowancepaymenttohelpoffsetthehighercostofliving。AwelfareBreductionCdoleDsubsidySectionB（0。5pointeach）Directions:Therearetensentencesinthissection。Eachsentencehassomethingomitted。Choosethewordorwordsfromthefourchoicesgiventobestcompleteeachsentence。Ev

9、erycompanyhasahandfulofstaffinagivenareaof_thatyoucancountontogetthejobdone.AscienceBtechnologyCexpertiseDability12.Itdeservesrepeatingbecauseitisthesinglemostpublicdifferencebetween_andindustry。AacademiaBspecializationCmajorDschool13。GuangdongProvinceislocatedinsouthernChina，witha_climateandabundan

10、tproduceallyearround.AharshBmildCexcessiveDhumid14.QuYuandrownedhimselfintheMiluoRiverafterbeingpolitically_。AsentencedBabusedCtreatedunjustlyDbanished15。Atapartyorabanquet，everyonefirsttakesintoconsiderationtheneedsofthegroup；withtheeatingprocessalsobeingatimetoshow_andconcernforothers.Ahospitality

11、BvigorCcarefulnessDhumility16.Oncedesirediminishes,disappointedloversmaywonderwherethe“spark”intheirrelationshiphasgoneandmay_regretfullyandlonginglyabout“thegooddays”。AreminisceBexpectCwishDcuddle17。Thesemisconceptionsoftenleadtounrealisticexpectation,stereotypes，and_。2AdisapprovalBdisappearanceCdi

12、scourageDdisillusionment18。Countlessunnamedandunrecordedmenhavegiventheirlivesfortheirfellowmen，notonlyonthe_butonthehome-frontaswell。AbattlefrontBendeavorCmajestyDbattlefield19。Astudyofhistoryrevealsthatthepeoplewhowalkedthisearthin_weremovedbythesamefundamentalforces,wereswayedbythesamepassions，an

13、dthesameaspirationsasthemenandwomenoftoday.AaspirationBantiquityChappinessDorder20。Humannatureisthebasisofcharacter，thetemperamentand_;itisthatindestructiblematrixuponwhichthecharacterisbuilt。AalterationBimprovementCdispositionDnaturePartIICLOZETEST（10minutes,10points)Directions:Readthepassagethroug

14、h。Thengobackandchooseoneitemofsuitableword(s)markedA，B,CandDforeachblankinthepassage。Markthecorrespondingletteroftheword(s）youhavechosenwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachinescoringAnswerSheet。Everymanunfoldsadistinctcharacteroverwhichcircumstancesandeducationhaveonlythemostlimited_21_.N

15、otwopeoplewillhaveever_22_thesameconclusionsfromthesameexperiences，buteachmustinterpreteventsand_23_themintothemosaicofhisownlifepattern.Humannatureisevertruetoitself,nottothesystemsoffaithoreducation.Each_24_tothestructureofthemoldintowhichthesoulwascastatthetimeofitsindividualization.Thequalities_

16、25_inoneremainaspotentialswhethertheyhaveachancetodevelopornot。Underpressure,orchangeofinterest,theycanpartiallyorwholly_26_fromviewforconsiderableperiodsoftime;but_27_canpermanentlymodifythem,nothingcanobliteratethem.Althoughmanispotentially_28_heisfarfrombeingactuallyso。Ifhewereactuallyperfectther

17、ewouldbe_29_forpreachers，teachersandhumanitarianstodo;nouseforchurches,schools,courtsandprisons._30_whileitisimpossibletochangehumannature，itcanbestudied,controlledanddirectedandthisshouldbethesupreme_31_ofourreligious，educationalandsocialinstitutions。Manisperfectasaseedisperfect，germinally.Thespiri

18、tisperfect,butwhenit_32_humanstructures,itparticipatesintheimperfectionsof_33_；andduringitsassociationwithmatterstakesonamortalweakness，desiresandlimitations.Butthespirit,theinnerman,remainsuntouchedandundefiledbyevil。Onlytheouterman-thepersonalityandthephysicalbody-becomesimperfect,duetoignorance，w

19、rongthinkingand_34_ofthelawsofbeing.Theouterman，too，wasoriginallyperfect,_35_manhassodesecratedandabuseditthattodayitisafar_36_fromtheoriginalmodel.Mansinherentgoodness，moreover，is_37_byhiscountlessactsofheroism，unselfishnessandsacrifice.Humannaturedoesnotandcannot_38_butunfoldsitsinherent3pattern。M

20、anhasanatureandits_39_canbeknown.Wecanonlyendeavor_40_manasheis。21.ApowerBcontrolCprivilegeDmanagement22.AdrawBtakeCwithdrawDacquire23。AputBmoldCfitDmatch24.AstickBformCshapeDhold25.AbornBproducedCdevelopedDbought26.AappearBpeepCbeholdDdisappear27。AsomethingBanythingCnothingDeverything28.AperfectBco

21、mmonCordinaryDgeneral29。AmuchBnominalCnothingDminority30.AAlthoughBThereforeCProvidingDNevertheless31.ApurposeBassignmentCDfunctionaccomplishment32。ABinhabitsCsheltersDdormersaccommodates33。AthelatterBtheformerCthebetterDthelater34。ArealizationBfulfillmentCviolationDaccomplishment35.AandBbutCthusDth

22、en36。AcryBshoutCscreamDcriterion37。AhiddenBcoveredCrevealedDdisclosed38。AdevelopBchangeCreformDdisappear39.AlawsBcrustCprinciplesDappearance40。AunderstandingBtobeunderstoodCbeingDtounderstandunderstoodPartIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（45minutes，50points）Directions:Inthispartofthetest，therearesixshortpassa

23、gesforyoutoread。Readeachpassagecarefully,andthendothequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerA,B，CorD,andmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketonyourMachinescoringAnswerSheet。PassageOneActingissuchanovercrowdedprofessionthattheonlyadvicethatshouldbegiventoayoungpersonthinkingo

24、fgoingonthestageisDont！Butitisuselesstotrytodiscouragesomeonewhofeelsthathemustact，thoughthechancesofhisbecomingfamousareslim.Thenormalwaytobeginistogotoadramaschool.Usuallyonlystudentswhoshowpromiseandtalentareaccepted，andthecourselaststwoyears。Thentheyoungactororactresstakesupworkwitharepertorycom

25、pany,usuallyasanassistantstagemanager。Thismeansdoingeverythingthatthereistodointhetheatre：paintingscenery，lookingafterthefurniture,takingcareofthecostumes,andevenactinginverysmallparts。Itisveryhardworkindeed.Thehours4arelongandthesalaryistiny。Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappy,waitingfor

26、thechancesofworkingwithabettercompany,orperhapsinfilmsortelevision。Ofcourse，somepeoplehaveunusualchanceswhichleadtofameandsuccesswithoutthislonganddulltraining.ConniePratt,forexample，wasjustanordinarygirlworkinginabicyclefactory。Afilmproducerhappenedtocatchsightofheronemorningwaitingatabusstop,ashed

27、rovepastinhisbigcar。Hetoldthedrivertostop，andhegotouttospeaktothegirl.Heaskedherifshewouldliketogotothefilmstudiotodoatest，andatfirstshethoughthewasjoking.Thenshegotangryandsaidshewouldcallthepolice.IttooktheproducertwentyminutestotellConniethathewasserious。Thenanappointmentwasmadeforhertogotothestu

28、diothenextday.Thetestwassuccessful。Theygavehersomenecessarylessonsandwithinafewweeksshewasplayingtheleadingpartoppositeoneofthemostfamousactorsoftheday。OfCourse，shewasgivenamoredramaticname，whichisnowworld-famous.Butchanceslikethishappenonceinabluemoon！41。Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonwhyyoungp

29、eopleshouldbediscouragedfrombecomingactorsis_。actorsareveryunusualpeoplethecourseatthedramaschoollaststwoyearsCactingisreallyahardjobDtherearealreadytoomanyactors42.Anassistantstagemanagersjobisdifficultbecausehehas。to_AdoallkindsofstageworkBworkforlonghoursCwaitforabettercompanyDactwell43。According

30、tothecontext,thesentence”Butyoungactorswiththestageintheirbloodarehappyattheendofthefirstparagraphmeans_.AtheydontcareiftheirjobishardBtheylikethestagenaturallyCtheyarebornhappyDtheyareeasilysatisfied44。ConiePrattsoonbecameafamousactressafter_。AlearningsomelessonsabouttheartofspeakingBplayingherpart

31、intheBlueColoredMoon”CsuccessfullymatchingthemostfamousactorsDactingaleadingpartwithamostfamousactoratthattime45.Thephrase”onceinabluemooninlastlinerefersto。AallatonceBonceforalongtimeConceinawhileDonceandforallPassageTwoDesegregationofhighereducationhasproducedsignificantimprovementsineducationfora

32、llAmericans.Theopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversitiestostudentsofallracialandethnicbackgroundscameaboutonlyastheresultofmanyformsofprolongedstruggleinthe5courts,inthestreets，andoncampuses。Theeffortstoopenuphighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksinhistoricallywhiteinstitutionsalsoledtoexpandedo

33、pportunitiesforlower-andmiddle-classwhitestudents，especiallyatinstitutionsthatadopted“openadmissionspolicies”ofacceptingallhighschoolgraduates.Between1960and1981,whilethenumberofblackstudentsbetweentheagesofeighteenandtwentyfourenrolledincollegeincreasedfrom134,000toover750，000，thenumberofwhitestude

34、ntsinthesameagegroupgrewfromjustover2milliontoover6。5million.In1960morethanonehalfofblacksattendingcollegeswereenrolledathistoricallyblackinstitutions.By1981thatpercentagehaddeclinedtojust18percent.Mostoftheblacksenrolledintraditionallywhiteinstitutions，however,wereattwoyearcommunitycollegesoratfour

35、-yearpubliccollegesthatwerebecomingorhadalreadybecomepredominantlyblack.Desegregationofhighereducationproduceddifficultproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutionsthathadalwaysstruggledundergreathardshiptoprovidehighereducationforblackswhenblackshadbeenbarredfromwhiteinstitutions。Historicallyblackinstit

36、utions，however,havecontinuedtoproduceahighpercentageofthemosteducationallyandprofessionallysuccessfulblacksintheUnitedStates.Meanwhile，blacksinpredominantlywhiteinstitutionshaveachievednotableprogress，buttheyhavealsoencounteredvariousproblems.Collegecompletionratesforyoungblackshaveincreasedsubstant

37、ially，buttheyareonlyaboutonehalftherateforyoungwhites。In1981,forexample,11。5percentofblacksagedtwentyfivetotwenty-nineand21.3percentofwhitesinthatagegrouphadcompletedcollege.BlackscontinuetobesubstantiallyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates。Duringtheearly1980sblackscomp

38、risedabout6percentofstudentsingraduateschoolandmedicalschoolandabout4percentofalllawschoolstudents.Blacksalsoreceivedabout4percentofalldoctoraldegrees，butoverhalfofthesedegreeswereconferredinonediscipline-education。Ingeneral,sincethecryofsediscrimination“reverwasraisedduringthemiddleofthe1970s，black

39、progressinhighereducationhasbeenslowedandperhapsevenreversed。46。Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?ADesegregationofhighereducationproducedmanydifficultiesforhistoricallyblackinstitutions。BTheopeningupofhighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksledtoexpandedopportunitiesforwhitestudentstoo。Blackshavebeenhist

40、oricallyrepressedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.DDesegregationofhighereducationhasbroughtmorehighereducationalopportunitiesforblackandwhitestudentsalike.47。Whatcanbeinferredabouttheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities?AItcameaboutastheresultofasurgeinthenumberofstudentsenr

41、olledinhigherinstitutions.6BItcameaboutastheresultoftimelongresistanceagainstracialdiscriminationagainstblacks。CItcameaboutwhenthecryof“reversediscrimination”wasraised.DItcameaboutwheneffortstoexpandeducationalopportunitiesforlowerandmiddle-classblackpeoplewereintensified。48。WhichofthefollowingisNOT

42、oneoftheconsequencesoftheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities？ABlackstudentsweresubstantiallyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.BItbroughtasignificantincreaseinthenumberofwhitestudents.CItcreatedthornyproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutions.DThenumberofblackst

43、udentsbetweeneighteentotwentyfouryearsoldenrolledincollegegreatlyincreased。Afterthedesegregationofhighereducationblackstudentsarestillunlikelyto.AgetenrolledintraditionallywhitecollegesBgetenrolledintraditionallyblackinstitutionsCcompletecollegeDgetaDoctorsDegreeinscienceWhichofthefollowingistrueabo

44、uthistoricallyblackinstitutions?AThestudentsinhistoricallyblackinstitutionsarenolongerpredominantlyblackaftertheopeningupofsegregatedinstitutions。BTheycreatedmanyproblemsfortheirstudents。CTheyachievednotableprogresseventhoughtheywereundergreathardship。DThenumberofhistoricallyblackinstitutionsdropped

45、inthe1960sand1970s。PassageThreeWhatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted。Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard。Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem，inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles。Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem：fullyautomatedve

46、hicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecialpurposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways，butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity。Undereitherscheme，thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination，furnishingthisinformationtoacomputer

47、inthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarwouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways。Onemethodwoulduseaspeci

48、alonramp.（进口引道）。Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway，devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests，thedrivewouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormal7fa

49、shiontoa“transitionlane”.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic。(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably，bewellrespected,becausealltrespasser（非法进入者）couldswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.）Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldha

50、rmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling。Automatedcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging，withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents。Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax。51。Welearnfromthef

51、irstparagraphthattwosystemofautomatedhighways_AarebeingplannedBarebeingmodifiedCarenowinwideuseDareunderconstruction52.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat。AitwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighwaysBitwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiencyCithasalaneforbothautomated

52、andpartiallyautomatedvehiclesDitoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles53.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonautomatedhighway？AVehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinationsBAcarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystemCThedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestin

53、ationbeforedrivingontoitDThedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles54。Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelaneAbysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallaneBbywaysofarampwithelectroniccontroldevicesthroughaspeciallyguardedgateafteralltrespassersareidentifiedandre

54、moved55。Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver_AshouldharmonizedwithnewlyenteringcarsBdoesnthavetorelyonhiscomputerystemCshouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidentsDdoesnthavetoholdontothesteeringwheelPassageFourIhadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationwors

55、ebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfortwoelderlywomeninmycommunity。Bothhaddiedfullofyears,”astheBiblewouldsay；bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother，soIpaidcondolence（悼念)callsonthetwofamiliesonthesam

56、eafternoon.Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceased(已故的)womansaidtome,”IfonlyIhadsentmy8mothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnowshewouldbealivetodayItsmyfaultthatshedied.”AtthesecondthomesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaidIfonlyIhadntinsistedonmymothersgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealiveThattodaylong.airplan

57、eride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtakeItsmyfaultthatshesdead.”Whenthingsdontturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierendingPriestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheyt

58、ookturnedoutbadly,theybelievethattheoppositecourse-keepingMotherathomepostponingtheoperation-wouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldithaveturnedoutanyworse?Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilt.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeverye

59、ffectandareasonforeverythingthathappensThatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourmindsThesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappensespeciallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthatevery

60、disasterisourfault.TherootsofthisfeelingmaylieinourchildhoodPsychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence).Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneedsandthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.HewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasksHecriesandsomeonecomestoattendtohimWhenheishung