2022届高考人教版英语一轮课件：专题三+第三讲-介词(短语)

1、第三讲介词(短语) 第三讲介词(短语) .单句语法填空1(2020高考浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ， through agriculture.解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，they lived 是定语从句，修饰先行词the world；省略了关系代词，说明关系代词在从句中作宾语。根据语法常识知，live常和介词in搭配，意为“居住在”。省略了的关系代词作in的宾语。答案：in.单句语法填空2(2020高考全国卷)The ar

2、tist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mother Nature.解析：考查介词。此处on earth相当于in the world，意思是“在世上，在人间”。答案：on2(2020高考全国卷)The artist was 3(2020新高考全国卷)Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special ac

3、tivities for children.解析：考查介词。compete for.with.为了而与竞争，为固定搭配。答案：for3(2020新高考全国卷)Museums must c.单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown._解析：考查介词。句意：知道你来到中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫我很高兴。come为不及物动词，后面加宾语时，需加介词。此处表示“来到”，故在come后加to。答案：come后加to.单句改错2(2019高考全国卷)

4、When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. _解析：考查介词。in/at high school意为“在高中”。答案：high前加in/at2(2019高考全国卷)When I studied 1for表示“(时间、距离)达到；计；因为，为了；就而言；(表示去向)往，向”等The meeting lasted for an hour.这次会议持续了一个小时。He is tall for his age.就他的年龄而言，他是个高个子。高频介词的基本用法 1for表示

5、“(时间、距离)达到；计；因为，为了；就而2by“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；被，由；按照，通过方式；数量(程度)达到”等The telephone is by the window.电话在窗户旁边。Can you finish the work by five oclock?你能在五点钟前完成工作吗？2by“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；被，由；按3with“带有，具有；随着；因为；就来说；用，以，和，与；对于，关于”等A young woman came in with a cup of coffee.一名年轻女子端着一杯咖啡走了进来。With education，you c

6、an be whatever you want to bea doctor，a lawyer or a pilot.凭借教育，你能成为任何你想成为的人医生、律师或飞行员。3with“带有，具有；随着；因为；就来说；用，以，和4of “属于，关于”等。此外，还常用在“It is/wasadj.of.”句型中，表示描述对象的特征This is a friend of mine.这是我的一位朋友。5on“在之上；在(某一天)；处在情况中；关于(事或人)”等on the table在桌子上，on Sept.1在9月1日，on sale出售，on foot步行，an article on art 一篇关

7、于艺术的文章4of “属于，关于”等。此外，还常用在“It is/wa6in“在内；(方向)以方向；在(某段时间)之后；穿着；(表示状态或状况)处于中；(表示使用的语言、材料等)用，以；在方面”等in all directions四面八方，in an hour 一小时后，in cash用现金，in a red coat穿着一件红色外套，in color在颜色方面，in ink用钢笔6in“在内；(方向)以方向；在(某段时间)之后；7against表示“反对，反抗，违背； 倚，靠；逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与相对抗”An agreement seems to be impossible be

8、cause the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。7against表示“反对，反抗，违背； 倚，靠；逆着(水1表示时间的介词after在之后at在时刻(时间点)before在之前 between在之间by在之前，不迟于 during在期间for(表示一段时间) on在(某一天)介词的分类 1表示时间的介词介词的分类 since自从以来 until/till直到in在(某段时间)之后；在(某月、某年等)from .to .从到shortly after不久since自从

9、以来 until/till直2表示空间关系和方位的介词2表示空间关系和方位的介词3表示方式、方法、手段的介词(1)with多指用有形的工具、身体的某部位或器官；(2)by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；(3)in指使用某种语言、材料等；(4)on表示使用特指的交通工具，或依靠某种方式或方法等。3表示方式、方法、手段的介词4表示原因的介词或短语at 因为，由于as a result of 由于的原因because of 因为，由于due to 由于for 因为，由于4表示原因的介词或短语on account of 由于owing to 因为，由于thanks to 幸亏，多亏with

10、 由于on account of 由于(一)介词与动词的搭配take advantage of 利用thank sb.for sth. 为某事感谢某人rely on 依靠have an effect on 对有影响call for 需要介词的搭配 (一)介词与动词的搭配介词的搭配 separate.from. 把与分开apply for 申请make a list of 列出一张的单子feel like 想要play with 同一起玩；玩弄care about 关心；介意say goodbye to 对说再见separate.from. 把与分开pay for 为付款contribute t

11、o 贡献；有助于；促成begin with 以开始provide sb.with sth. 提供某人某物refer to 提及；参考；查阅pay for 为付款(二)介词与名词的搭配1“atn.”表示状态at a loss 不知所措at peace 处于和平状态at war 在战争中at work 在工作(二)介词与名词的搭配2其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布2其他以at开头的介词短语3“onn.”表示状态on exhibitio

12、n/show 在展出on fire 着火on sale 出售，打折on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假3“onn.”表示状态4其他以on开头的介词短语on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不4其他以on开头的介词短语5“byn.”表示方式by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手工by mistake 错误地by the da

13、y 按天算by nature 天生地5“byn.”表示方式6“inn.”表示方式in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in detail 详细地in height 在高度上in length 在长度上in English 用英语6“inn.”表示方式7其他以in开头的介词短语in no time 立刻in no way 决不in place of 代替in possession of 拥有，占有in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管7其他以in开头的介词短语in return 作为回报in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换i

14、n favor of 支持，赞成in case of 万一；如果；假使in honour of 向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持in return 作为回报8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的of help 有帮助的of importance 重要的of significance 有意义的of use 有用的of value 有价值的8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)9“out ofn.”表示状态out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 失

15、去控制out of date 过期out of order 发生故障out of sight 看不见out of the question 不可能out of work 失业9“out ofn.”表示状态10“undern.”表示被动under attack 遭到袭击under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之中10“undern.”表示被动11“withn.”表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地with difficulty 困难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地with pleasu

16、re 乐意地11“withn.”表示方式12“beyondn.”表示“超出，难以”beyond comparison 无与伦比beyond reach 够不到beyond description 难以描述beyond expression/words 难以表达12“beyondn.”表示“超出，难以”(三)介词与其他词构成的搭配next to 紧挨着instead of 代替apart from 除之外according to 根据along with 随着together with 连同(三)介词与其他词构成的搭配but for 要不是regardless of 不管，不顾up to 直到；

17、由而定to and from 往返，来来回回but for 要不是分门别类话介词(一)语法填空中介词的做题技巧：1是否填介词介词必须接宾语，若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则考虑填介词。分门别类话介词2填什么介词依据语境含义结合介词用法；依据介词与动词的搭配；依据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语时考虑with或without。2填什么介词语法填空典例With the Internet，parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable their children to

18、 see.分析：空格处与suitable构成固定短语be suitable for.“适合”，故答案为for。语法填空典例With the Internet，par(二)短文改错中介词的做题技巧：1介词误用掌握常规介词的固定用法；注意固定搭配中的介词。2介词缺失在某些及物动词短语中的缺失，如look (at)，listen (to)，take care (of)等；作宾语的代词、名词前介词的缺失，如next (to) me等。(二)短文改错中介词的做题技巧：3介词多余不该用介词的短语中，如the next year错写成in the next year；及物动词多加了介词，如enter the

19、 room错写成enter into the room，return my book错写成return back/to my book等；副词前用介词，如there错写成in there。3介词多余单句改错典例1As I was waiting the response from the manager，I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter. _分析：动词wait为不及物动词，此句中的the response作宾语，因此在wait后加介词for，构成短语wait for“等候”。单句改错典例1As I

20、 was waiting the单句改错典例2Every time I look at the pictures for which I took，I will remember the water，the bridges and the houses._分析：句中the pictures为先行词，在定语从句中作took的宾语，take意为“拍摄，照相”，此时是及物动词，因此去掉介词for。单句改错典例3Under our help，all the books were free from the rain. _ 分析：“在某人的帮助下”用with the help of sb.或with o

21、nes help，因此Under改成With。单句改错典例2Every time I look at.单句语法填空1A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care，which includes different forms herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183 countries and regions.答案：like.单句语法填空2In order to change attitudes employing women，the government is bring

22、ing in new laws.答案：to3Sleep might be one answer the problem.答案：to2In order to change attitudes4The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been popular the distinctive taste of its duck products.答案：for5Its great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxio

23、us.答案：of4The brand was born in Wuzhen6This led the sudden and tremendous growth of its upandcoming industries.答案：to7Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer the age of 18.答案：at6This led the su8A total of 956 swimmers from

24、31 countries and regions (include) the United States，Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event.答案：including8A total of 956 swimmers from9Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they dont wan

25、t to.答案：about10The term “Mandarin” can also refer to Standard Mandarin，which is based the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing.答案：on9Parents should do their best.单句改错1Of all my teachers，Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me._2Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage

26、._第二个ofon advantage后加of .单句改错第二个ofon advantage后加of 3Weak as he seemed，he went straight into the sea with any hesitation._4Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites，which does harm to their development. _5We had to go to home that day. _withwithout forto 去掉第二个to 3Weak as he seemed，he w

27、ent st.语法填空The Yangko Dance is a traditional Chinese folk dance 1. (create) by the farmers when they worked in the rice field 2. (hundred) of years ago. Many Chinese people like the dance and take it 3. an important method of relaxing, no matter when there is a spring festival or when there are some

28、 special 4. (celebrate).语法填空Before the Yangko Dance starts, the music 5. (perform) to build the dancer an atmosphere and a rhythm to follow. As the dance content comes from special folk legends, men and women performing the dance are dressed in 6. (color) costumes and necessary props are used.Before

29、 the Yangko Dance starts During the dance, the dancers are wagging their body and walking at7._exaggerated (夸张的) pace to present old stories to the audience in a new style. The dance also shows 8. _(they) happy mood and life. While the dancers are dancing on the ground, there is usually a big crowd

30、around them，9. _(appreciate) and sharing the feelings of the dancers there. During the dance, the During the busy farming season the dancers work in the fields，10._when the lunar New Year comes around they put on their costumes to perform the Yangko Dance, greeting the new year and carrying on an ag

31、eold tradition. During the busy farming 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的民间传统舞蹈秧歌。语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的民间传统舞蹈1解析：考查非谓语动词。create和dance有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。答案：created2解析：考查数词。表示不确定的数目，hundred后要加s。hundreds of “几百，数百”。答案：hundreds1解析：考查非谓语动词。create和dance有逻辑上的3解析：考查固定搭配。take.as为固定搭配，意为“把看作”。答案：as4解析：考查名词的单复数。celebrat

32、ion是可数名词，根据前面的some可知，该词要用复数形式。答案：celebrations3解析：考查固定搭配。take.as为固定搭配，意为“5解析：考查时态和语态。perform和music之间是动宾关系，时态是一般现在时，所以填is performed。答案：is performed6解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词要用形容词。答案：colorful5解析：考查时态和语态。perform和music之间是动7解析：考查冠词。pace是单数可数名词，表示泛指，exaggerated是以元音音素开头的单词，所以填an。答案：an8解析：考查代词。修饰mood要用形容词性物主代词。答案：their7解析：考查冠词。pace是单数