6第六讲动词和短语

1、专题六正反解读动词和动词短语 对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。专题六 考点荟萃考点荟萃一、常考的十类动词及词组1连系动词特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：(1)变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如 e, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。(2)感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。专题六 正面解读正面解读(3)状态类，表

2、事物所处的状态，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove, turn out等。(4)外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear, look, seem等。2感官动词和使役动词常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。常考的使役动词有make, have, let, keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：专题六 正面解读 He looked around an

3、d caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting【解析】 Dcatch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。专题六 正面解读3不用被动语态的动词及动词短语英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。(1)某些实义动词的

4、主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。这类动词有：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如： This new product sells well. 这种新厂品很畅销。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.这种布耐洗而且耐用。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。Written in simple English, this article reads easily

5、. 因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。专题六 正面解读(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。 这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如：This shop opens much earlier than it used to. 这家商店比过去开门更早了。Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。专题六 正面解读(3)某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 这类动词及词组有：happen(发生), occur (发生)

6、, cost， take place (发生)come out(出版)，turn up(被找到)，come into being(产生)，come to ones mind(想起)，come into use(开始使用), turn out(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：专题六 正面解读The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language cam

7、e out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。Suddenly an idea came to his mind. 他突然想到一个主意。Who is to blame for breaking the vase?打碎花瓶应由谁负责？The problem finally came up at the meeting. 这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong. 即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。专题六 正面解读(4)“主语系动词形容词不定式”句式中。当形容

8、词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如：The physics problem is easy to work out.这道物理题很容易算出来。A guide is expensive to employ. 雇用向导花钱很多。This kind of fish is not fit to eat. 这种鱼不适合吃。专题六 正面解读4接动名词作宾语的动词或词组常见的有：avoid, cant help, cant stand,

9、 consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, fancy, keep, mind, miss, practise/practice, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。如：The bird was lucky to escape being caught.这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。He is always practising/practicing playing the piano after school.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。专

10、题六 正面解读5接不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，want等。如：He cant afford to buy such an expensive car.他买不起这么贵的车。Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。专题六 正面解读6表示 “需要”意义的动词这类词既可直

11、接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。7接虚拟语气的动词有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形，其中should常可省略。 它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。如：Peter suggest

12、ed that Tom go there at once.彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。专题六 正面解读Our teacher requires this be done in no time. 我们老师要求这个立刻完成。8表示“计划未能实现”的动词 此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。如：I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevent

13、ed me. They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldnt because of another important meeting.专题六 正面解读9现在表将来类这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等。如：Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon. 你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。I am c

14、oming to that.The National Day is drawing near.10带介词to的动词短语带介词to的动词短语有：be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v. ing形式。专题六 正面解读二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语1.以break为中心break away from脱离，逃离break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解break in 闯进，打断break into 闯入；强行

15、进入break out 爆发，发生break off 打断，断绝，折断； 突然终止break through 突破；克服break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束The plan _ just because people were unwilling to cooperate.A. turned down B. pulled down C. broke down D. put down 专题六 正面解读2.以bring为中心bring about 导致，引起，促使bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复bring down 使下降，打垮，击落bring forward 提出；提前bring

16、in 把带进来；引进；挣得(收入)bring on 导致，引起，使发展bring out 使显现；出版bring up 抚养，养育，培养*Now Id like to _ the question of funds.A. bring about B. bring down C. bring forward D. bring in 专题六 正面解读3.以call为中心call at 访问(某地)；停泊在call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎call in 召集，收集；下令收回call off 取消，下令停止call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(

17、某人)call out 下令罢工；召唤出动call up 打电话给；召集；使想起 - Can I do the job? - Im afraid not, because it _ skill and patience.A. calls for B. asks for C. sends for D. cares for 专题六 正面解读4.以carry为中心carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回，运回；使想起carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品)carry on 坚持，继续，进行carry out 贯彻，执行，实施carry through 坚持到底，进

18、行到底；履行(承诺)The audience were _ by her beautiful song.A. carried away B. carried on C. carried out D. carried through 专题六 正面解读5.以come为中心come about 发生come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到come back 回来；恢复，复原come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出come over 访问；突然感到come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生co

19、me to an end 终止，结束come to life 苏醒come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来come to oneself 恢复常态专题六 正面解读when it comes to 就而论，谈到come true 实现，成为现实come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出*When it _ tennis, you cant beat her.A. come about B. come across C. come out D. come to *I simply couldnt understand how it _ that you did so much wo

20、rk within such a short time. A. came across B. came about C. came up D. came back *The truth will sooner or later _. A. come about B. turn out C. come out D. give out 专题六 正面解读6.以cut为中心cut away 切去，砍掉cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短cut off 切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去cut through 开辟(出路等)cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤*Eager to ge

21、t thin, Ruth has decided to _ meat entirely for three years at least.A. cut off B. cut up C. cut out D. cut down *Jimmy was really _ when all his friends refused to help him.A. cut away B. cut off C. cut out D. cut up专题六 正面解读7.以fall为中心fall back 撤退，后退fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面fall down 不够好fall in love wi

22、th 爱上fall into 陷入；养成fall off 衰退，减少fall over 被绊倒*Dont walk too near the edge of the cliff (悬岩), you might _ . Ablow over Bfall over Ccarry off Dcut off 专题六 正面解读8.以get为中心get about 徘徊，走动；流传get across 使被理解get along 前进，进步；离去，相处get around 走动；传播get away 离开，逃脱get back 取回，回来；报复get down to 认真对待，静下心来get out of

23、 由出来，从得出；避免；放弃get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through 拨通；到达；完成；通过；及格get up 起床，起立；忙于，从事专题六 正面解读9.以give为中心give away 赠送；失去；泄露/透露(秘密等)；背弃；颁发，分发 give back 归还；还给；归还；使恢复give in 屈服，让步，投降give sth in (to sb)呈上；交上give in to sb/sth 向某人/某物让步；屈服于give out 分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽give off 发出(光、烟、气味等)give out

24、 用完，消耗尽；分发give way (to) 屈服于；给让路，为所代替give up 放弃；停止专题六 正面解读【活学活用】(1)Believe in yourself and never _(屈服)(2)The authorities have shown no signs of _(向屈服) the kidnappers demands.(3)The room is _(发出) a musty smell.(4)They are _(赠送) prizes at the new store.(5)What shall we use for power when all the oil in

25、 the world has _(用完)?(6)The doctors did everything to _(使我恢复) the use of legs, but in vain.We will never _(放弃) working, whatever happens. The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _the radio yesterday. Give out the news意为“播报新闻”.give ingiving in togiving offgiving awaygiven outgive

26、me backgive upgiven out 10.以go为中心go about 开始做某事；忙于某事go across 度过，越过go after 追逐，追求，跟随go against 反对，不利于go ahead 前进，进展，继续go along with 陪伴，和一道走go away 离开，走掉go by 经过，过去go for 支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿)go off 走开；爆炸专题六 正面解读go on 继续，接下去go out 出去；熄灭；送出；播出go over 温习，检查go round 拜访；参观go through 审查，履行；通过；经历，忍受go too far 走

27、得太远，做/说得太过火go up 上升，上涨；攀登go without 没有也行专题六 正面解读11.以hold为中心hold back 隐瞒；阻止；克制hold down 压制；压低hold on 坚持；等一等，别挂断hold on to 抓住不放；不卖hold out 伸出；提供机会hold up 举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁*The story was so moving that I could hardly_ my tears. A. hold up B. hold on C. hold on to D. hold back *The mail was _ for two day

28、s because of the snow storm. A. held out B. held off C. held up D. held down *The teacher_ excellent models of compositions for her class. A. held up B. held back C. got through D. got up 专题六 正面解读12.以keep为中心keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒keep in mind 记住keep off 不接近，远离；避免吃(或喝、吸)某物keep ou

29、t 使不入内；不卷入keep pace with 跟上，同步调一致keep to 坚持；固守，遵守keep up 继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持keep up with 赶上，跟上，与并肩前进专题六 正面解读13.以lay为中心lay aside把放在一边；留存备用lay down 放下；规定lay off (暂时)解雇；停止lay out 铺开，展开14.以leave为中心leave behind留下，忘记携带； 超过；永久离开leave out 省去，遗漏，不把计算在内leave off 停止；中断leave over 留下，剩下leave alone 不干涉，不打扰专题六 正面解读1

30、5.以look为中心look about四下环顾；查看look after 照顾，看管look around 东张西望look back 回顾，回头看look back on/upon 回顾look for 寻找；期待，期望look down on/upon 俯视；轻视look forward to 盼望，期待look into 窥视；调查；浏览look on/upon as把看作专题六 正面解读look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防look out for 当心，寻找，搜寻look through 透过看去；看穿；浏览look up 查阅；仰视look up to 仰慕，尊敬16.以pi

31、ck为中心pick off去除；选择(目标)射击pick out 精心挑出，辨别出pick up 接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到 专题六 正面解读17.以pull为中心pull apart 拉开，分开pull away 开动pull down 拉下，拉倒；拆毁；使(价格)下降；使扫兴pull in （车船）抵达pull off 短暂停车；获得成功pull on （匆匆）穿上，戴上pull out 驶出，离开pull through 克服困难；恢复pull up 停止；训斥专题六 正面解读18.以put为中心put aside 把放在一边；搁置；积蓄，攒钱put away 把放好，把

32、收拾；储藏put back 把放回原处put down 放下；镇压；记下put an end to 结束，终止，废除put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡put in 安装；添上；打断put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下put on 上演；穿上；增加；开动专题六 正面解读put ones heart into 全神贯注，专心致志put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出put through 完成；(电话用语)拨通；使穿过put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；安排住宿put up with 忍受，容忍19.以send为中心send away 解雇；赶走，把送往远处send for

33、派人去叫(请、拿)send off 发出，寄出；邮购，函购send out 发出，散发send up 发射；使上升；取笑专题六 正面解读20.以set为中心set about (doing) 着手，开始set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样set aside 留出；放在一边；暂不考虑set back 使推迟；使花费set down 放下，卸下；登记，记载set free 释放(某人)set off 出发；使爆炸；引起set out 出发；发表；着手做某事set up 建立，设立，开办；引发，产生专题六 正面解读21.以take为中心take after 仿效，与相似take

34、 away 拿走，减去；消除take back 收回，取消take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎take charge of 负责，主管take down 取下；记下；拆毁; 拆掉，拆除take in 留宿；欺骗；吸收；理解takeinto account/consideration 考虑，重视take off 开始有成就(成名)；脱掉(衣服等)； (飞机)起飞；起程 ; (价格)打折； 请假，休息take on 呈现；雇佣；承担，担任take ones place 代替专题六 正面解读take out 拿出，取出；去除take over 接管，接任；占上风take part

35、in 参与，参加 take place 发生；举行take pride in 以为荣，对感到骄傲take up 拿起；从事 (某项活动)；继续做占用 (时间或空间)；take apart 把 (小型机器、钟表等) 拆开、拆散； (在体育运动或比赛中)轻易击败某人 * Our son doesnt know what to _ at the university；he cant make up his mind about his future. Atake in Btake up Ctake over Dtake after 解析：选B。take in接受，吸收，理解，欺骗；take up从事

36、，参加，占据，继续； take over接管；take after像。根据句意选B。专题六 正面解读专题六 正面解读【活学活用】(1)Im sorry I was rude; I _ (收回) everything I said. (2)We find it difficult to _ (理解) what he has taught.(3)The company decided to _ (聘用) a new secretary. (4)When the picture was _ (取下来), the wall looked very bare. (5)Would you like me

37、to _ (接手) the driving for a while?(6) Bill Gates is really a great man, whose career _ (大获成功) in his early thirties.take backtake intake ontake downtake overtake off专题六 正面解读(7)England was really _ (彻底打败) by Italy in last nights match. Ill _ (继续讲) the story where I finished yesterday. (9) We tried to

38、 find a table for seven，but they were all _ (占据;占用) . They decided to kick him upstairs and appoint a younger man to _ (取代他)Nowadays plastics _ (取代了) many conventional materials. My study of biology has _ (占据;占用) much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.taken aparttake up

39、taken uptake his placehave taken the place oftaken up22.以think为中心think about考虑think of as 把看作think out 仔细考虑，想通think over 仔细考虑think through 想通；充分考虑think up 想出；发明think highly (well/a lot/a great deal/much)of对评价很高think poorly (little/badly/ill) of 对评价不高;轻视，看不起sing high praise for 对评价很高speak highly of 对

40、评价很高have a high opinion of 对评价很高专题六 正面解读专题六 正面解读【活学活用】(1)We _ (对评价很高) their research in this field.(2)I _ (对评价不高) her idea.We _ (高度评价) his contributions to his country. *I cant _ his name at the moment.A. think over B. think about C. think D. think of think/speak highly ofdont think much of/think li

41、ttle ofsing high praise for/speak highly of23.以throw为中心throw at把投向throw away 丢弃，浪费；错失(机会)throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事throw out 逐出；否决；散发throw up 呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造*Every day, people _ a lot of rubbish.A. give away B. throw away C. clean away D. wash away *What a pity! He _ the only chance of success. A. gave

42、 in B. put down C. threw away D. broke off 专题六 正面解读24.以turn为中心turn away 把打发走，转脸不理睬turn down 调小；驳回，拒绝考虑turn off 关上；拐弯；使厌烦turn on 打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击turn out 出席；证明是；向外；出现turn over 翻转；转动turn round/around 旋转，转过身来turn in 上交(=hand in)turn to 转向，求助于turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来*The mobile phone you lost yesterday h

43、as_.A. turned in B. turned out C. turned to D. turned up专题六 正面解读1【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully. 【正】 He is listening carefully. 【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully. 【解析】 学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。 专题六 反面解读反面解读2【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible. 【正】 The m

44、ixture tastes terrible. 【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get, e, grow等)外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构。专题六 反面解读3After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside.Aset outBtook overCtook upDset up【误】 B 【正】 C【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事”。句

45、意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。set out“出发， 开始”；take over“接收， 接管”；take up“拿起， 开始从事”；set up“设立， 竖立”。根据题意选C。专题六 反面解读12010全国卷 The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. Acarried Bdelivered Cpressed Dpacked【解析】 D考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。专题六 实战演练实战演练22010辽宁卷 The new movi

46、e_ to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time. Apromises Bagrees Cpretends Ddeclines【解析】 A考查动词词义辨析。 promise表示“允诺，答应”， “有的希望”的意思；agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。又如：The girl _ to be a good teacher if she is well trained in an art school.A.

47、 expectsB. promisesC. allowsD. wishes专题六 实战演练3What the young man cant _ is that his mum always treats him like a baby. Asupport Bundertake Chold Dbear【解析】 D考查动词辨析。 A意为“支持”； B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。4We want to rent a bus which can _ 40 people for

48、our trip to Beijing. Aload Bhold Cfill Dsupport【解析】 B根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。专题六 实战演练5. The film Avatar ( 阿凡达 ) will be on tonight but its at 1：30 am. I dont want to _ that late. Astay up Bshow off Cput up Dget off【解析】 A考查动词短语辨析。根据题干意思选A。stay up熬夜；show off炫耀，卖弄；put up举起，建起，张贴；get off下车，出发，脱掉。专题

49、六 实战演练6 How are you managing to do your business without a secretary? Well, I _ somehow. Aget along Bcare about Cwatch out Dset off【解析】 A考查动词短语辨析。get along(勉强)生活，工作下去；care about关注；watch out小心；set off出发。7Ive _ my umbrella in the office and Ill have to fetch it. Aforgot Bleft Cremained Dlost【解析】 B根据句意

50、，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。专题六 实战演练8Dont let yourself be _ into doing anything you dont want to do. Atold Bmade Ctalked Dasked【答案】 C9The designs of the few tools should be _ carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job. Atried BexaminedCexperimented Dexperienced【答案】 B专题六 实战演练10He

51、 cant be at home now, for I saw him _ in the gym just now. Agiving out Bworking outCcarrying out Dbringing out【解析】 B本题考查短语辨析。give out用完，分发；work out解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。专题六 实战演练11 So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me? Well，I kind of forgot to _， so well have to do French. Aconsult Border Creserve D