优化高考英语二轮复习课件：专题四动词和动词词组

1、专题四动词和动词词组-2-词汇复习4(根据汉语提示填入以a开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以a开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景1】 Having assessed the (反常的)atmosphere,the astronomers alongside their assistants think that the spaceship can be sent into space without any danger in this autumn.At the same time,the astronauts (陪伴)by (观众)are looking forward to the r

2、esult hopefully.【情景1】译文:评估了反常的大气后,天文学家及他们的助手认为,在这个秋季将宇宙飞船送入太空没有任何风险。同时,宇航员由观众陪伴着,正满怀希望地期待着这次评估的结果。abnormal accompanied audiences -3-【情景2】 Though the (令人羡慕的) actress is very acute,she does not like to (吸收) other peoples advice.What she always adores is a large (数量) of allowance.Anyway,such awesome (态

3、度) towards academic questions and art will prevent her attaining great progress,and people will not (欣赏) her any more in the end.译文:虽然那位令人钦佩的女演员非常机敏,但是她却听不进其他人的建议。她崇尚的是大量的金钱。不管怎么说,这种对待学术和艺术的可怕态度将会阻止她取得大的进步,最后人们也不再会欣赏她。admirable absorb amount attitude appreciate -4-动词和短语,考查并不难;仔细品句意,搭配是关键。1.(2015安徽卷改

4、编)If you come to visit China,you will (体验) a culture of amazing depth and variety. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词。句意:如果你到中国旅行,你就会体验到一种极为深厚而又多样化的文化。experience “体验;体会”。 答案解析关闭experience -5-2.(2015浙江卷改编)Body language can (暴露) a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are bein

5、g defensive. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词词组。句意:肢体语言能够暴露你很多情绪方面的东西,因此双臂交叉站着发送出的信号是你正处于戒备状态。give away“泄露,暴露,出卖”。 答案解析关闭give away -6-3.(2015江苏卷改编)The university started some new language programs to (满足需要) the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词词组。句意:这所大学开办了一些新的语言项目来满足丝绸之路经济带的发展需要。cater for “满足需要,迎合”。 答案解析关

6、闭cater for -7-4.(2015陕西卷改编)Peter will (担任) his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词词组。句意:下个月底彼得将担任旅行社经理这个职务。take up “拿起;从事;担任”。 答案解析关闭take up -8-5.(2015浙江卷改编)If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to (漂浮) on the sea? 答案解析解析关闭考查动词。句意:如果说钢铁比水重的话,那么为什么

7、轮船能够漂浮在海面上?float “漂浮”。 答案解析关闭float -9-6.(2015天津卷改编)If you have any doubts about your health,youd better(咨询) your doctor at once. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词。句意:如果你对自己的健康状况还有所怀疑的话,你最好立刻咨询你的医生。consult“请教,咨询”。 答案解析关闭consult -10-7.(2015湖北卷改编)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage (在于) his ability to communic

8、ate with foreigners in English. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词词组。句意:毫无疑问,这位参赛选手的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。 lie in “在于”。 答案解析关闭lies in -11-8.(2015天津卷改编)See,your computer has broken down again! It doesnt (明智) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 答案解析解析关闭考查动词词组。句意:看,你的电脑又坏了!为了节省几美元去购买最便宜的牌子的电脑,这种做法不

9、明智。make sense是固定短语,意为“明智,合情合理;有道理”。 答案解析关闭make sense -12-121.易混动词辨析(1)词形相近动词之间辨义。lay(放),lie(躺)与lie(说谎)rise和raise -13-12find与foundThe Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国于1949年成立。hang的用法hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 -14-12(2)近义动词之间辨义。seat与sitseat为

10、及物动词时是作“容纳、使就座”讲,sit只是表示一个动作“就座”。I seated myself in the armchair.=I sat in the armchair.我坐在扶手椅上。borrow与 lendborrow “借入”同from 搭配,构成词组 borrow sth.from sb.; lend“借出”,常与to 搭配,构成词组lend sth.to sb.。-15-12win与beat和defeatwin“胜过、赢”,及物动词。其后应接game/argument/battle/prize/contest/race/bet,但不能接人、团队或组织。而beat和defeat“

11、击败、胜过”是及物动词,直接接人、团队或组织。steal与robsteal为 “偷”,常用结构steal sth.from sb./sp.rob为 “抢”,常用结构 rob sb.of sth.。fit与suitfit与suit均可作“合适”讲,但fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。bring,take与fetchbring“拿来,带来”,take“拿去,带走”,fetch“去取回来”,表示往返。-16-12 reach与arrive 二者都有“到达”之意;reach是及物动词,arrive后必须加介词at/in 才能接宾语。cost,spend与takecost 花费

12、,主语不能是人;spend的主语不能是物;take 花费,可用人也可用物做主语,多用形式主语it。She spent all her money on stamps.她把钱全花在邮票上了。It takes me three hours to finish this work.我花费三小时完成这项工作。-17-12wear与dresswear “穿着”,表示状态,可用于进行时态。dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,其后接人。He was wearing a blue suit.=He was dressed in a blue suit.他穿着一套蓝色西服。I dress my child

13、ren in the morning every day.每天早晨我都给孩子们穿衣服。-18-122.动词词组辨析(1)与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词,如:give可与介词(副词)搭配构成give in,give up,give off,give away等;turn可与介词(副词)搭配构成turn on,turn off,turn down,turn up等。(2)同一介词(副词)与不同的动词搭配,如:up可与动词搭配构成bring up;turn up;hang up;look up;use up;take up 等。附:常用动词词组1.与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词(1)add短语add t

14、o增加,增添add up加起来add up to总计,共达-19-12(2)break短语break away from脱离break down坏掉;出故障;垮掉break into闯入,破门而入break out(战争)爆发break in破门而入break off打断;中断break through逾越,突破;冲破break up打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止-20-12(3)bring短语bring about导致,引起bring down使倒下;降低(费用、开支、价格等)bring in引进;挣得bring on使发展,有助于生长;引起,导致(疾病、战争等)bring out使展

15、现;阐明;出版bring up养育,培养;呕吐;提出(建议、论点等)(4)call 短语call for需要;要求,呼吁call on号召;访问call in打电话汇报;召来call up呼唤;征召某人入伍;打电话call off取消-21-12(5)carry短语carry on继续,坚持carry out执行,实施carry off赢得,获得;成功地对付carry through帮助渡过(难关);完成,实现(6)come短语come about发生 come across偶遇come to共计;达到;苏醒 come true变为现实come up走上前;被提出come up with提出c

16、ome into being形成come into use投入使用-22-12(7)cut短语cut down砍倒;削减;压缩cut in插入;插嘴cut off隔绝;切断;停止(供应)cut out删除cut up切碎(8)die短语die away(声音、风、光线或情绪)逐渐消失die down(风、雨、光线)逐渐平息die of死于(疾病、衰老、饥饿等)die from死于(意外事故或不注意的原因)die out灭绝,绝种die off相继死去-23-12(9)get短语get about四处走动;传开get across传达get away逃脱,设法离开get down下来;记下get

17、 in收割get off出发;下来;(使)入睡get together聚会get through接通;通过get down to开始认真干get over克服get along/on with进展;相处-24-12(10)give短语give up放弃give in屈服give out用尽;分发give away泄露;赠送;颁发give off发出give back归还;使恢复-25-12(11)go短语go against违背;对不利go ahead开始;进展,进行go after/for追逐;追求go without勉强维持;凑合go in for爱好;参加;从事go through通过;

18、经历go over复习;仔细审查go by过去;经过-26-12(12)hold短语hold back隐瞒;控制(情感)hold out维持;抵抗hold up使耽搁hold on坚持;别挂(电话)hold together团结一致hold on to保留;保住(优势)-27-12(13)keep短语keep away (from)使远离keep back扣除;隐瞒不讲keep off避开;使不接近keep on继续keep out挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近keep up保持;不低落;继续,持续keep up with跟上-28-12(14)look短语look about/around/r

19、ound环顾look after照顾;照看look down upon看不起look forward to盼望look into向里看;调查look on旁观look out当心;找出;朝外看look over检查look through浏览;温习;看穿look up向上看;查阅;(形势)好转look up to尊敬(人,行为)-29-12(15)make短语make up for补偿;弥补make out辨认出make fun of取笑make up ones mind下定决心make sense有道理(意义),讲得通make good/full use of.充分利用make up编造;组

20、成,构成;补齐;凑足(16)pick短语pick out挑出;区别出,分辨出pick up拿起,捡起;收拾;偶然获得,学会;接收(节目);(开车)去接;(顺便)捎带;染上(疾病);有起色,好转-30-12(17)put短语put aside把放在一边put away把收好put down扑灭;平息put forward提出put off延期;推诿put out扑灭;生产put up挂起,张贴;搭起;为(某人)提供食宿put up with忍受;容忍-31-12(18)set短语set about开始,着手set aside留出;不顾;放到一边set down停下来让(乘客)下车;写下;放下se

21、t off出发;引爆;引起;激发set out开始;动身set up创建,创立;安装;竖起-32-12(19)take短语take away拿走;带走;消除(病痛)take after(性格、外貌)像take down记下;放下;拆除take for granted认为理所当然take in吸收;收留,收养;理解,领会;欺骗take off起飞;脱下;休假;走红;(事业)腾飞take on呈现;雇用take over接管;接任take to开始,喜欢;沉溺于take up拿起;从事;占据(时间或空间);继续(被中断的事)-33-12(20)turn短语turn down拒绝;调低turn in

22、上交turn out结果是;证明是turn over移交;交给turn up出现;调高turn off关掉turn on打开turn away走开turn to求助于;翻到-34-122.同一介词(副词)与不同的动词搭配(1)v.+aboutthink about思考care about关心;对有兴趣bring about引起;使发生come about发生hear about听说worry about为担心-35-12(2)v.+away throw away扔掉clear away清除掉;消散die away逐渐消失;减弱wash away冲走take away拿走;使消失put away

23、收拾起来;存起来-36-12(3)v.+down break down坏了;垮了;分解turn down调小;拒绝cut down削减,砍倒slow down慢下来put down记下;写下;镇压tear down拆毁;拆除-37-12(4)v.+for wait for等候stand for代表,表示long for渴望care for关心;喜欢search for查找look for寻找call for需要,要求hunt for寻找apply for申请seek for寻找-38-12(5)v.+in give in让步hand in上交bring in引进;赚得;挣drop in拜访re

24、sult in导致succeed in在获得成功join in参加-39-12(6)v.+of think of想到dream of梦到consist of由组成approve of赞成die of死于hear of听说complain of抱怨-40-12(7)v.+on depend on依靠rely on依靠insist on坚持carry on继续;进行keep/go on继续spend.on在上花(钱)put on穿上;戴上;上演feed on以为生-41-12(8)v.+out break out爆发point out指出bring out阐明,使表现出carry out执行;进行

25、turn out结果是;生产;培养work out算出;想出办法find out查出;弄明白try out试用;试验look out当心;提防-42-12(9)v.+over think over仔细考虑go over审阅;检查;研究look over检查get over克服take over接管;接替-43-12(10)v.+up give up放弃;停止;中止build up建立set up架起;建立put up搭起;安装;住宿;张贴pick up拾起;学会;收听到bring up抚养;呕吐;提出tear up撕碎stay up熬夜eat up吃完make up构成;组成cut up切碎h

26、old up耽搁;使停顿-44-一二三四一、根据句意用适当的介词、副词填空1.Terry,please look from your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.2.Ralph W.Emerson would always set new ideas that occurred to him.3.The two countries are going to meet to break some barriers to trade between them.4.Team leaders must ensure that all members

27、 get their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.5.She was tired and wanted to find a bench to sit on for a while,but they were all taken.6.You cant predict everything.Often things dont work as you expect.up down down over up out -45-一二三四7.There are a couple of ma

28、tters with which I want to come today for discussion.8.More and more foreign countries have been looking China as a rising power.9.He has three part-time jobs,which bring about $14,000 a year.10.It is necessary that parents should take the responsibility of helping their children develop legal aware

29、ness.up on in on -46-一二三四二、完成句子1.电梯坏了,我们被困在里面了。The lift and we were trapped inside it.2.如果遇到瑕疵但你还想要这辆自行车的话,就请售货员降价。 some faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.3.主席让我缩短报告长度,因为他不想在这次会议上讲太长时间。The chairman the report,because he didnt want to speak for too long

30、at this meeting.4.尽管他唱歌时歌词经常不为人理解,他在中国仍然有大批的粉丝。Despite the fact that his words often when he sings,he enjoys a very large number of fans in China.broke down If you come across asked me to cut down fail to get across -47-一二三四5.经过几个小时的重复,她最终失去了耐心。After hours of repeating,her patience finally .6.没有啤酒了,

31、酒吧又全关门了,所以你只能将就着了。There is no beer left and the bars are shut,so youll .7.草地边缘有一块牌子,上面写着“勿践踏草地”。At the edge of the grass,theres a sign saying “”.8.这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用,尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。The couple for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet.gave out have to go without Keep o

32、ff the grass set aside some money every month -48-一二三四三、语法填空(2015河北衡水中学期中)Were you the first or the last child in your family?Or were you a middle or an only child?Some people think 1. matters where you were born in your family.But there are different ideas about what birth order means.Some people s

33、ay that the oldest children,2. are smart and strong-willed,are very likely 3. (succeed).The reason 4. this is simple.Parents have a lot of time for their first child and give him or her a lot of attention.An only child will succeed for 5. same reason.What happens to the 6.(others) children in the family?Middle children dont get so much attention,so they dont feel that i