毕业设计外文资料翻译-电子商务与企业电子商务系统的集成

1、毕业设计外文资料翻译学 院： 专业班级： 班 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 外文出处：Pramod Kumar et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(5), 2010, 768-772 附 件：1.外文资料翻译译文； 2.外文原文 指导教师评语：该英文资料是关于电子商务方面的内容，资料选择合理，与毕业设计相关度高。专业术语、词汇翻译比较准确，翻译材料与原文能基本保持一致，但表达上不够流畅，有些细节处理稍欠不足，翻译字、词数满足要求。签名： 20151外文资料翻译译文电子商务与企

2、业电子商务系统的集成摘要：了解电子商务的概念和术语，对我国的企业来说是非常重要的，这是非常重要的。在1990年代，企业系统被引入，以满足企业边界内的功能领域的一些技术要求。此外，随着互联网技术的指数级增长和电子商务的出现，企业系统的焦点已经从一个集成的功能焦点转变为一个组织内的一个组织，达到整个价值链系统的组织。预计一个企业的系统可以促进一个组织的电子商务工作。为了服务于电子商务的平台，一个企业的系统还必须能够扩展到一个公司的外部成分的范围内的支持。这个过程必须涉及一个与任何其他新兴企业系统解决该公司的技术因素的调查。本文提供了一个简短而简明的观点，在电子商务的应用系统，在世界各地使用的。关键

3、词和短语：企业实施，基本问题，系统集成，管理支持，电子商务电子商务基础电子商务代表“电子商务”，它涉及到通信和电子商务通过互联网。电子商务的定义是“电子通信网络，允许企业发送和接收信息的使用”（费伦斯坦和木材，2000）。它能显著加强联系，在价值链中企业之间的经营业绩的提高（B2B）和消费者（B2C）。除了在销售，营销和采购效率的提高，电子商务通过改进的客户服务，降低成本和简化的业务流程实现有效性。此外，电子商务创造了一个战略，以客户为中心的经营环境中共享的业务改进，互惠互利，共同奖励。公司使用互联网来实现客户关系管理和供应链管理（供应链管理）的能力，使他们能够与客户和供应商的无缝连接。通过定

4、义和各自的功能，传统的ERP系统照顾内部价值链（即，在一个公司）而建立的电子商务价值链在市场和行业。越来越多的公司将企业电子商务系统与电子商务相结合，构建系统的体系结构。它们使用基于网络的界面（企业门户）与外部实体的附加模块，如客户关系管理，供应链管理等，在集成。企业电子商务与电子商务集成的商务网络模型企业内部价值链是优化公司内部价值链的结构化方法。软件，如果全面实施整个企业，与企业通过合理的传输和共享数据的各种成分（诺里斯等，2000，pp.12-13）。当客户和供应商要求信息已完全集成在整个价值链或管理人员需要集成的战略和策略，如生产，库存，采购和会计领域，企业信息系统整理的数据进行分析，

5、把数据转换成有用的信息，企业可以利用，支持业务决策。企业的系统，如果实施成功，提高和重新设计业务流程，以消除非增值活动，让公司专注于核心和真正的增值活动。以下是两个例子，ERP系统的效率和生产力的极大提高，IBM公司应用ERP来减少更新的价格数据从80天到五分钟，雪佛龙处理时间已经使用ERP减少15%的年度采购成本。为了解决上述挑战，我们已经开发了一个概念模型这有助于集中在对相关元素提供了一个解决方案。它强调标准化、外包或合作企业的网络要求。企业网络被定义为内部和外部业务伙伴之间的关系的设计和管理。商业网络模型的元素在传统的业务流程中，在客户订单被接收后，订单信息通过订单输入、制造、仓储、配送

6、和财务流程，直到产品交付给客户，并收到付款。的价值链的关键要素已被控制的独立和不同的信息系统，不能彼此通信。不仅公司不考虑自己的业务流程的集成视图，但他们也有一个同样的模糊了解他们的系统如何与他们的供应商，竞争对手，业务伙伴，分销商和客户的系统。因此，这些交易通常是以最小的或不共享的业务流程进行的。近几年来，系统规划和设计有了一场革命。管理需要一个综合性公司的投资和选择的观点，并实现了一个集成了整个公司的核心业务流程的一个单一的软件和硬件系统的系统。客户、供应商和商业伙伴都有意识地在业务流程、系统操作和系统开发中包含。企业内部系统类似于公司内部的技术中心。当完全实现为一个集成的套件，它可以被认

7、为是作为一个公司的中央存储库。典型企业资源管理系统的五个主要过程是：财务、物流、制造、人力资源、销售/市场营销。企业系统的重点是内部流程的效率和有效性。它提供了一种方法来简化和调整业务流程，提高运营效率，并带来秩序混乱。电子商务主要集中在效率和效益的外部，跨企业流程。在企业资源计划技术支持企业战略的同时，电子商务为新的战略机遇打开了大门，它迫使企业资源计划从单一的企业资源计划系统模型向扩展的企业资源计划系统模型中向前迈进了一步。网络技术为企业和他们的商业伙伴提供了一座桥梁，使电子商务成为可能，而电子商务使企业的系统更加透明和向外。在同行业中，我们可以查看企业的价值链，或跨行业的价值链，而不是思

8、想。公司现在正把注意力转向与客户，供应商和商业伙伴，通过使用互联网和网络为基础的技术。企业的功能必须移到网络上，因为这是大多数核心业务流程正在进行的地方。一个客户订单流程的早期例子，以及在流程中跨公司边界的步骤，现在由一些不同的公司来处理，如果它们是一个。如果一个企业分散独立的业务部门，他们需要能够访问和共享数据的部门之间，管理者与员工，与ERP系统，交易只需输入一次。该系统可以处理跨不同的软件模块的交易，从而在高度综合和集成的信息，可以用于决策。而ERP系统可以被看作是一个数据存储库，信息和知识，它超越了功能的界限，重新定义企业广泛的流程，有Web功能的ERP系统，迫使企业看，跨企业流程。当

9、电子商务与企业电子商务系统集成时，整个扩展系统提供了一个跨越多个企业和企业的业务流程的愿景。在最理想的情况下，企业应该能够连接不同的平台，在整个价值链的格式的应用程序和数据，不仅包括供应商，而且客户也。此外，企业应保留的灵活性，以改变和增加功能的应用程序作为业务需求的发展。企业需要能够适应新兴的电子商务世界。一个基本的设计元素是组件化可突出了供应链管理（SCM）、专用组件的客户关系管理（CRM）、电子商务（EC）和知识管理（KM）为辅，数据仓库（DW）工具。组件也可用于提供或承包的电子服务（如支付服务或物流服务通过互联网提供）。这些可以代表内部应用方案，subsitutional效应。企业的新

10、愿景=企业电子商务+电子商务虽然企业资源规划集成了物流、金融、人力资源和销售订单管理等核心业务功能，但仍有许多业务流程不能解决。为更好的服务来满足客户的需求。以网络为基础的技术，信息可以迅速通过价值链，使公司急于增加功能，实现专业化的应用程序，可以满足他们的需求。组件化巴特勒集团、英国咨询集团，表明它已经对整体应用程序包的不足之处ackslash认为技术的集成应用程序可以更好的解决方案，没有死板的功能的束缚（经济学家，1999，p.32）。关键的问题是如何继续添加新功能快速、低成本的同时这使得组织实施和升级到一个合适的电子商务平台更容易。ERP供应商和客户相对很快认识到组件化的好处。在电子商务

11、的考虑，大多数的ERP系统，已实现了单片代码交付并没有采用组件化的概念。在背后复杂的，专有的应用程序接口（API）和基于复杂，几乎难以辨认的关系数据库模式，ERP系统不易扩展到电子商务。随着面向对象方法的普及和广泛应用，基于构件的技术成为了基本的质量要求。组件化的动作分解一个大的、整体的ERP系统为单独的模块，将一起工作。组件的代码块可以互换的应用。这个想法类似于汽车，飞机和移动电话的装配。它们是结合在一个架构中工作的部分组合起来的。该部分不是一个均匀的集合，但包括许多不同类型和标准。根据Sprott（2000节），一个组件可以是任何形式的实现，只要坚持分离的概念、接口和标准化。大多数企业资源

12、计划供应商都将其企业资源计划系统转换为基于组件的架构。当ERP系统组件化，由系统内部的功能是利用面向对象的代码块，可以用来创建新的应用程序为代表的（卡拉威，2000，p.116）。在ERP系统的组件化的功能将使内部和外部系统的适应性和可靠性。因此，它会沿着价值链的信息流顺畅。基于面向对象的概念，每一个功能的企业管理系统，可以被看作是一个单独的封装的实体和处理作为一个组件。通过组件的独立性，它更容易管理，升级和修改基于组件的企业系统。粒度，范围边界和内部的凝聚力是一个组件的重要属性。一个细粒度的组件将是简单的升级，因为它涉及较少的关系，但需要更多的管理，因为有可能是更多的部分需要，以满足要求。相

13、比之下，较大的组件可能更容易管理，但需要更多的努力来修改和实施，因为功能的范围是更广泛的变化的影响是大得多。由于组件封装单个业务流程，其他组件可以自由访问，企业可以更精确地控制个人业务流程。这种分而治之的方法允许公司做快速并行开发（erlikh，2000，p.17）。组件化打破了大规模的业务流程，到管理规模独立的单位，使得它更容易在电子商务环境下的ERP系统部署。ERP和电子商务应用程序，可以从基于Web的组件如联机分析处理（OLAP）组件，批量组装组件、应用组件和数据库组件。一个企业实施的企业规划系统将能够选择不同的模块或组件从多个供应商，而不是选择一个单一的供应商。由于一个企业的系统可以被

14、分解成组件的功能，供应商将能够快速修补或增加功能的企业规划系统。可在不影响任何其他功能组件的其他功能组件的单个组件的。IBM的研究表明，只有20%的公司使用一个单一的ERP厂商。几乎80%的公司使用多个供应商（IBM，1999）。这是非常重要的接口和服务提供独立的基本实现。例如，一个实施例可以由传统数据库提供。与传统数据库的组件，可以通过一个面向对象的数据库服务的用户没有影响取代，提供的接口保持不变。柔性化定制当企业的市场趋于饱和时，供应商将面临相当大的压力，因为他们被迫打开他们的产品和市场组件。它正变得越来越受欢迎的部件被组装的客户因为公司需要灵活的ERP系统，新的应用可以增加较快，商业智能

15、可以提取适合B2B和B2C解决方案。成功的企业的供应商开始为客户提供灵活、经济的运营基础设施，易于集成的开放市场组件。这些供应商允许客户在采购上行使相当大的选择，以创建定制的解决方案，从容易和广泛使用的建筑块。基于组件的企业程序的一个主要优点是增量的发布和升级过程。这是一个有利于在最初的实施，以及正在进行的增强。许多企业的供应商和现有的客户进行了相当大的升级之前，他们可以实现这一结果。升级的现实也不像人们想象的那样简单。一个完整的集成测试应该承担，因为高层次的组件之间的相互依存关系。最终的目标是发展，是相互兼容的，可以很容易地与电子商务等应用集成的ERP成分。通用的企业信息系统/电子商务平台如

16、今，客户的期望比以往任何时候都多。为了满足这些期望，企业需要达到和客户带来更接近他们的信息系统，让他们参与产品配置、选择和互联网自助（经济学家，1999，p.32）。此外，它是必不可少的供应商建立一个兼容的电子商务平台，系统集成。一些主要的ERP厂商推出自己的网络启用ERP在今年2000年初创建的B2B和B2C解决方案。甲骨文和SAP建立互联网门户（集线器），并使用可扩展标记语言（XML）来操作数据，从内部资源管理和推动信息流的价值链。门户（集线器）技术可以提供必要的访问，同时为用户添加新的功能和功能。XML是用于描述数据可以在一个更智能的方式解释语言。XML提供了结构化、半结构化或非结构化的

17、数据，这类数据，多在互联网和电子商务的设置（普华永道，1999）。XML使用本地网络的方法，使可扩展的数据交换格式，提供了创建自己的数据标签建立一个共享的网络文件系统的灵活性（芬格等人，2000节）。XML的Web革命因为它允许与标准名称一致的语义结构的数据将在一个简单而直接的方式，Web，HTML一样容易。Oracle（Oracle ,2000） Oracle ERP中的头号选手，与主要供应商的关系数据库的Windows NT和UNIX市场，成为全球领先的独立软件公司，Oracle的网络平台提供了一种用于ERP集成的综合解决方案。基于流行的集线器辐条适配器架构，甲骨文使用XML从传统和企业应

18、用程序中提取信息。这些信息将通过“所需的网站门户”被渲染。电子商务（新）平台有以下功能：从相互关联的应用程序和软件包的变化，在过去几年中的变化有着千丝万缕的联系，在一个混乱的跨部门和业务部门的连接的应用程序的复杂性降低复杂性。但是，没有一家公司可以放弃它的整个基础设施，并开始再次果酱划伤。因此，门户平台已被用来提供更好的工具，应用程序和数据提供更好的员工。传统的异构环境的遗留应用程序需要与最佳的品种供应链，知识管理和客户关系应用程序在互联网上共存。它作为一个统一的机制，促进异构遗留应用程序之间的合作。全球行动电子商务打破地区和国家的界限。所有的操作都是全球化的。门户平台是连接应用程序和业务的公

19、司更好的流程来实现电子商务的目标。结论今天的企业资源计划系统需要处理的过程中，在一个企业的内部发生的过程。电子商务是决定一个成功的信息经济的解决方案。今天，扩展的企业资源系统与前端的电子商务连接一个组织的“前台”（客户面临）和“后台”（业务流程）的运作，以满足其全球新兴市场。将ERP系统释放出关键信息，方便员工、客户和业务合作伙伴，因此，在整个价值链中各实体可以做出更好的决策。事实上，最佳实践包括实时，跨企业，基于互联网的信息流，文件和流程，这是路由和驱动的最有效和有效的方式。从技术角度看，电子商务模式的发展和部署从未停止。企业要不断地重新利用电子商务技术和它的集成，或其他商业应用的变化。新的

20、电子商务模式正在兴起，因为各个行业的公司正在转变自己在互联网经济上的竞争。成功的转型需要新的电子商务策略和流程，以及强大的和可扩展的应用程序和技术平台。随着正确的战略和坚实的执行，一个企业可以改变自己的竞争和增长，在今天的快速变化的业务环境。2.外文原文INTEGRATION OF E-BUSINESS WITHERP SYSTEMSAbstract : It is very important for the businesses in our country to understand the concepts and terms of e-business and to start ap

21、plying them. In the 1990s, ERP systems were introduced to fulfill some of the technological requirements across functional areas within a corporate boundary. Moreover, with the exponential growth of Internet technology and the emergence of e-business, the focus of ERP systems has changed from an int

22、egrated functional focus within an organization to one reaching outside the organization throughout the value chain system. It is expected that an ERP system can facilitate an e-business effort of an organization. In order to serve as a platform for e-business, an ERP system must also be able to be

23、extended to support a range of external constituents for a firm. The process must involve an investigation of ERP technological factors along with any other emerging Enterprise Systems solution of the firm. This article offer a short but concise perspective about ERP systems used today in e-business

24、 all over the world.Keywords: ERP implementation, fundamental issues, system integration, management support, E-BusinessE-Business BasicsE-business stands for “electronic business,” which involves communications and doing business electronically through the Internet. E-business is defined as “the us

25、e of electronically enabled communication networks that allow business enterprises to transmit and receive information” (Fellenstein and Wood, 2000). It can significantly improve business performance by strengthening the linkages in the value chain between businesses (B2B) and consumers (B2C). Besid

26、es increasing efficiency in selling, marketing and purchasing, e-business achieves effectiveness through improved customer service, reduced costs and streamlined business processes. Furthermore, ebusiness creates a strategic, customer-focused business environment for shared business improvements, mu

27、tual benefits and joint rewards. Companies use the Internet to implement customer-relation-management (CRM) and supply-chain-management (SCM) capabilities, which enable them to link their operations seamlessly with customers and suppliers.By definitions and by their respective functions, traditional

28、 ERP systems take care of internal value chain (i.e., within a company) whereas e-businesses establish the value chain across the market and the industries. More and more companies construct their systems architectures by integrating ERP systems with e-business. They use Web-based interface (corpora

29、te portals) with outside entities plus add-on modules such as CRM, SCM, etc. in the integration.Business Networking Model for ERP AND e-Business IntegrationERP is a structured approach to optimizing a companys internal value chain. The software, if implemented fully across an entire enterprise, conn

30、ects the various components of the enterprise through a logical transmission and sharing of data (Norris et al., 2000, pp.12-13). When customers and suppliers request information that have been fully integrated throughout the value chain or when executives require integrated strategies and tactics i

31、n areas such as manufacturing, inventory, procurement and accounting, ERP systems collate the data for analysis and transform the data into useful information that companies can use to support business decision-making. ERP systems, if implemented successfully, enhance and redesign business processes

32、 to eliminate non-value-added activities and allow companies to focus on core and truly value-added activities. The following are two examples where ERP systems have dramatically increased the efficiency and productivity of companies: IBM has used ERP to reduce the processing time for updating prici

33、ng data from 80 days to five minutes and Chevron has used ERP to decrease its annual purchasing cost by 15%.To address the challenges described above, we have developed a conceptual model which helps to focus on relevant elements towards providing a solution.It focuses on standardization, and outsou

34、rcing or partnering required for Business Networking. Business Networking is defined as the design and management of IT-enabled relationships between internal and external business partners. Elements of a Business Networking ModelIn a traditional business process, after a customer order is received,

35、 the order information flows from department to department through order entry, manufacturing, warehousing, distribution and finance until the product is delivered to the customer and the payment is received. The key elements of the value chain have been controlled by separate and disparate informat

36、ion systems that could not communicate with one another. Not only did the companies not take an integrated view of their own business processes, but they also had an equally vague understanding of how their systems relate to the systems of their suppliers, competitors, business partners, distributor

37、s and customers. Hence, these transactions are typically carried out with minimal or no shared business processes. In recent years, there has been a revolution in systems planning and design. Management takes an integrated company-wide view of its IT investments and choices, and implements an ERP sy

38、stem that integrates the core business processes of an entire company into a single software and hardware system. Customers, suppliers and business partners are consciously included in the business process, systems operation and systems development.An ERP system is analogous to the internal technolo

39、gical hub of a company. When fully implemented as an integrated suite, it can be thought of as a companys central repository. The five major processes in a typical ERP system are: finance, logistics, manufacturing, human resources and sales/marketing . The focus of ERP systems is on the efficiency a

40、nd effectiveness of the internal process. It offers a way to streamline and align business processes, increase operational efficiencies and bring order out of chaos.E-business is focused on efficiency and effectiveness of external, cross enterprise processes. While ERP technology supports business s

41、trategy, e-business opens the door to new strategic opportunities, which forces ERP to take one step further to move from the single ERP system model to the extended ERP system model. The Web technology provides the bridge between companies and their business partners to make e-business possible, wh

42、ile e-business makes the ERP system more transparent and outward. Instead of thinking about ERP within a company, we may view the ERP system along the value chain of companies in the same industry, or across industries. Companies are now turning their attention outward to engage in business with cus

43、tomers, suppliers and business partners through the use of the Internet and Web-based technologies. ERP functionality has to move onto the Web because that is where most of the core business processes are being carried out. The earlier example on the flow of a customer order and the steps in the pro

44、cess flow across the boundaries of the companies would now be handled by a number of different companies behaving as if they are one. If a corporation decentralizes autonomous business units, they need to be able to access and share data between departments, managers and employees.With ERP systems,

45、a transaction only needs to be entered once. The system can process the transaction across different software modules, resulting in highly comprehensive and integrated information that can be used for decision-making. While an ERP system can be viewed as a repository for data, information and knowle

46、dge, and it extends beyond functional boundaries by redefining enterprise wide processes, a Web-enabled ERP system forces companies to look at processes that span multiple enterprises .When e-business is integrated with ERP, the whole extended system provides a vision of business processes that span

47、 multiple businesses and enterprises. In the most ideal case, companies should be able to connect disparate platforms, applications and data formats across the value chain, including not only uppliers, but also customers as well. Furthermore, companies should retain the flexibility to change and add

48、 functions to applications as business needs evolve. Companies need to be able to adapt their ERP systems to the emerging world of e-business. One underlying design element is componentization which can be highlighted by specialized components for supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship

49、 management (CRM), electronic commerce (eC) and supplemented by knowledge management (KM) and data warehouse (DW) tools. Componentization can be also applied to eServices offered or contracted (e.g. payment services or logistic services offered via the Internet). These can represent alternatives to

50、inhouse applications and have subsitutional effects. A NEW VISION OF ENTERPRISE = ERP + E-BUSINESSAlthough ERP integrates core business functions such as logistics,finance, human resources and sales-order administration, there are still many business processes that ERP cannot address. ERP falls shor

51、t of meeting todays demands from customers for better services. With Web-based technology,information can move swiftly through the value chain, making companies anxious to add functionality to implement specialized applications that can meet their needs.Componentization The Butler Group, a British I

52、T consultancy group,indicates it has seen a ackslash against the inadequacies of monolithic application packages and argues that techniques to integrate applications can lead to better solutions without the stranglehold of inflexible functionality (Economist, 1999, p.32).The key question is how to c

53、ontinue adding new functionality rapidly at low cost while making it easier for organizations to implement and upgrade to a platform appropriate for e-business. The ERP vendors and customers are relatively quick to recognize the benefits of componentization.Before e-business was taken into considera

54、tion,most of the ERP systems that have been implemented were delivered as monolithic code and did not employ the componentization concept.Barricaded behind complex,proprietary application Program Interfaces (APIs) and based on complex,nearly indecipherable relational database schemas, ERP systems do

55、 not readily extend to e-business. With the popularity and widespread practice of the object-oriented approach, component-based techniques become essential quality requirements.Componentization is the action of breaking up a large, monolithic ERP system into individual modules that would work togeth

56、er. Components are pieces of code that can be interchanged between applications. This idea is similar to the assembly of automobiles, airplanes and mobile phones. They are combined from parts that work together within an architecture. The parts are not a homogeneous set, but comprise many different

57、types and standards. According to Sprott (2000, p.65),a component can be any form of implementation ,provided it adheres to the concepts of separation, interfacing and standardization. Most ERP vendors are converting their ERP systems to a component-based architecture. When ERP is componentized ,the

58、 internal functions performed by the system are represented using object-oriented blocks of code that can be used to create new applications (Callaway, 2000,p.116). The componentization of functionalities in ERP will make the internal and external systems more adaptable and reliable. Therefore, it w

59、ill smooth the information flow along the value chain.Based on the object-oriented concept, each functionality of ERP can be viewed as a separate encapsulated entity and treated as a component. By virtue of the independence of components, it is easier to manage, upgrade and modify a component-based

60、ERP system. Granularity, scope boundaries and internal cohesion are important attributes of a component. A fine-grained component will be simple to upgrade because it involves fewer relationships but requires more management since there is likely to be many more parts needed to meet the requirement.